Wind-driven observation and modelling in the Strait of Gibraltar

Meteorological forcing has been found to be responsible for 65% of the subtidal current variance through Gibraltar Strait. However this value does not discriminate between atmospheric pressure and wind. Conditional coherences applied to a 2-input/single output system are computed to distribute the total variance of current data from the Gibraltar Experiment into wind-only, pressure-only, noise and shared forcings. Evidence is presented which shows that, within the subtidal range, wind and atmospheric pressure force the flow equally. This study focuses on understanding the dynamics of the wind-driven circulation in a 2-layer channel. A channel jet model proves to be very useful in explaining the dynamic balance in each of the two layers, but for relatively short time scales. To overcome this weakness, friction stresses are included, for which a steady state solution appears as an intriguing slab-flow. Numerical analysis is used to understand the dynamic processes which take place between the short time scale channel jet solution and the long-term steady state solution. The flow structure through Gibraltar Strait is shown to reach steady state in approximately one day

Use of new technologies in Moroccan broiler poultry farms

L’intensification des productions avicoles, l’augmentation de la capacité des infrastructures et la gestion de plus grands effectifs de volailles nécessitent des procédures de gestion technico économique (GTE) appropriées mises en œuvre dans les exploitations en vue de satisfaire les exigences des marchés. Les mesures de biosécurité et de suivi exigent une surveillance accrue des productions, de la santé et du bien-être des volailles. La mise en place de systèmes «intelligent» de gestion telles les technologies utilisées dans les élevages dits de précision, l’installation de capteurs, l’automatisation des process et des plateformes facilitent la conduite en temps réel permettant d’optimiser la production, de minimiser les coûts et aident aux prises de décision fondées sur les données collectées. Cette étude a eu pour objectif de constituer une typologie des technologies en place dans 15 unités de production de volailles de chair (10 de poulets et 5 de dindes) à l’aide d’enquêtes exhaustives menées par téléphone entre Mars et Juin 2020. Les sondes de contrôle des conditions d’ambiance (température, humidité), les automates recevant des données générées par les objets connectés, les capteurs (ventilation, consommation alimentaire, etc…) et les caméras ont été les technologies les plus utilisées. Les caméras exploitées principalement à des fins de surveillance à l’extérieur des bâtiments d’élevage sont utilisées à 60% dans les unités de poulets de chair et 80% dans celles de dindes. Les enquêtes effectuées n’ont pas révélé d’utilisation de biocapteurs, de lunettes connectées, de microphones, de robots ou de puces de radio-identification (RFID). L’accès aux données générées par les technologies à travers les applications essentiellement relatives aux conditions d’ambiance, ventilation, consommation alimentaire, etc… a été déclaré dans 50% élevages de poulets de chair et 60% de dindes de chair. L’entrave majeure au fonctionnement des technologies «connectées» demeure la disponibilité du réseau d’internet dans certaines zones de production. D’autres technologies peuvent être proposées en vue d’améliorer la gestion et la productivité des entités avicoles. La suggestion d’éventuels moyens «intelligents» aidera les opérateurs à prendre des décisions mieux fondées, en temps réel, diminuera les risques et accroîtra la rentabilité de leurs entreprises.  Mots-clés : Big data, Technologies connectées, Internet des objets, Volailles, MarocIntensification of poultry production, increase of infrastructure capacity and rearing of higher numbers of birds requires appropriate technical and economic management procedures to be implemented on farms to meet market requirements. Biosecurity and follow-up measures require increased monitoring of poultry production, health and welfare. Implementation of “smart” management systems such as technologies used in “so-called” precision farms, installation of sensors, processes automation and use of platforms facilitate real-time management to optimize production, minimize costs and facilitate decision making based on collected data. The objective of this study was to establish a typology of technologies in use in 15 poultry production units (10 of broilers and 5 of turkey) using exhaustive phone surveys conducted between March and June 2020. Sensors for monitoring ambient conditions (Temperature, humidity), automate using generated data-connected objects, sensors for ventilation, feed consumption, etc... And cameras were the most used technologies. Cameras primarily operated for the purpose of surveillance outside farm buildings are used in 60% of broiler farms, and 80% of turkey units. The investigations did not reveal any use of biosensors, connected glasses, microphones, robots or radio-identification chips, etc... Access to data generated by technologies through applications mainly related to ambient conditions, ventilation, feed consumption, etc… was reported in 50% of broiler chicken units, and 60% of turkey farms. The major obstacle to the functioning of “connected” technologies remains the availability of the network in production areas. Other technologies may be proposed to improve management and productivity of poultry entities. The suggestion of possible “smart” means will help operators make better decisions, reduce risks and increase profitability of their respective operations.  Keywords: Big data, Connected technology, Internet of things, Poultry, Morocc

Sur quelques proprietes de la turbulence dans les jets libres axisymetriques

SIGLET 56435 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

The effect of dietary commercial enzyme preparations on performance of broilers

International audienc

Comparaison de types génétiques de poules pour une production d'œufs locale : F1 (Fayoumi x Leghorn) et croisement terminal ISA au Maroc

International audienc

Traditional poultry farming in Morocco

The present article describes rural poultry production systems in Morocco and the role of scavenging chicken in the rural household economy. An extensive survey was conducted aiming to characterize rural poultry farming in order to determine the main constraints to its development and suggest practical improvement means. One hundred and six households in 3 villages were surveyed with a total of 768 inhabitants. Each household owned on average 5.8 hectares (from 0 to 11) and had 5 people. Women represented 49% of the population. Rural poultry farming was essentially a women fs business: 73% of the flocks were managed by women and represented their main activity in 58% of the cases. Fifty four percent of the birds in the flocks were hatched on the farms while 46% were purchased. Poultry represented the predominant species raised on the farms with flock size ranging from 0 to 58. Each household owned on average 11chickens and/or 9 turkeys. The sex ratio was 4.6 and 1.7 females to a male for chickens and turkeys flocks respectively. The local birds, called Beldi were characterized by a wide genetic variability. Rudimentary housing was available for poultry in 79% of the households (an increased ratio compared to 64% in 1986 and 71% in 1993). Local materials such as bamboo, wood, plastic screens and others were used. Rural poultry scavenged mainly around homes and some wheat bran, barley, wheat, maize, compound feed, dry bread and kitchen leftovers were distributed at various times. Rudimentary watering devices were available in 94% of the farms with water supply coming from wells (61%) or natural springs (49%). Sexual maturity was reached at about 154 and 168 days for roosters and hens, and around 217 and 231 days for turkey toms and hens respectively. Sixty-nine days were observed on average between laying cycles. Hens sat on eggs 2 to 3 times a year and hatchability reached 78% for chickens and 80% for turkeys. Egg selection for incubation was based on henperformance, body size, egg size and colour and whether males were available in the flocks. The number of laying hens varied from 0 to 5 per farm. Eggs were laid all year around with a peak in spring (39%) and summer (22% of the households). The number of eggs produced per year was 78 per hen and 69 per turkey hen. High mortality was recorded as a result of diseases and predators (mortality rates reached up to 77%). Local consumption (in 48% of the households) and sales (52%) were the main destinations of local poultry products. A rural household consumed on average 16 chickens and /or 11 turkeys per year. Sales of poultry products took place in ruralmarkets every week. This study revealed that archaic production techniques, rudimentary housing, anarchic crosses and diseases were the major constraints to the development of rural poultry production. Several improvement actions were proposed such as the extension of new production techniques, the distribution of rearing equipment, and others specially targeted for women. The current status and future outlook of rural poultry production are discussed. Future areas of interest for research and development are presented