2,652 research outputs found
Design, Manufacture and Wind Tunnel Test of a Modular FishBAC Wing with Novel 3D Printed Skins
This paper introduces a new modular Fish Bone Active Camber morphing wing with novel 3D printed skin panels. These skin panels are printed using two different Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) formulations: a soft, high strain formulation for the deformable membrane of the skin, reinforced with a stiffer formulation for the stringers and mounting tabs. Additionally, this is the first FishBAC device designed to be modular in its installation and actuation. Therefore, all components can be removed and replaced for maintenance purposes without having to remove or disassemble other parts. A 1 m span, 0.27 m chord morphing wing with a 25% chord FishBAC was built and tested mechanically and in a low-speed wind tunnel. Results show that the new design is capable of achieving the same large changes in airfoil lift coefficient (approximate ΔCL≈0.55) with a low drag penalty seen in previous FishBAC work, but with a much simpler, practical and modular design. Additionally, the device shows a change in the pitching moment coefficient of ΔCM≈0.1, which shows the potential that the FishBAC has as a control surface
First results from the Very Small Array -- I. Observational methods
The Very Small Array (VSA) is a synthesis telescope designed to image faint
structures in the cosmic microwave background on degree and sub-degree angular
scales. The VSA has key differences from other CMB interferometers with the
result that different systematic errors are expected. We have tested the
operation of the VSA with a variety of blank-field and calibrator observations
and cross-checked its calibration scale against independent measurements. We
find that systematic effects can be suppressed below the thermal noise level in
long observations; the overall calibration accuracy of the flux density scale
is 3.5 percent and is limited by the external absolute calibration scale.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS in press (Minor revisions
Monitoring extinction risk and threats of the world’s fishes based on the Sampled Red List Index
Global biodiversitytargets require us to identify species at risk of extinction and quantify status and trends of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) tracks trends in the conservation status of entire species groups over time by monitoring changes in categories assigned to species. Here, we calculate this index for the world’s fishes in 2010, using a sampled approach to the RLI based on a randomly selected sample of 1,500 species, and also present RLI splits for freshwater and marine systems separately. We further compare specific traits of a worldwide fish list to our sample to assess its representativeness. Overall, 15.1% of species in the sample were estimated to be threatened with extinction, resulting in a sampled RLI of 0.914 for all species, 0.968 in marine and 0.862 in freshwater ecosystems. Our sample showed fishing as the principal threat for marine species, and pollution by agricultural and forestry effluents for freshwater fishes. The sampled list provides a robust representation for tracking trends in the conservation status of the world’s fishes, including disaggregated sampled indices for marine and freshwater fish. Reassessment and backcasting of this index is urgent to check the achievement of the commitments proposed in global biodiversity targets
Dialogicality and imaginings of two 'community' notice boards in post-apartheid Observatory, Cape Town
This article undertakes a poststructuralist multisemiotic analysis of posters and notices
found on two 'community' notice boards in the trendy, multicultural neighbourhood of
Observatory in Cape Town, South Africa. An analysis of the two notice boards endeavours
to reveal different strategic uses of English as well as varying constructions of
(transnational) place-making and community in Observatory. The two notice boards
reveal voices of transient and permanent groups alike and index new imaginative
constructions of this changing neighbourhood. Furthermore, this paper explores the
implications of strategic linguistic processes in self-marketisation of transnational
and 'local' community members in Observatory. We conclude by expounding on the
new perspective of transcultural capital and what it means to the sociolinguistics of
a super-diverse neighbourhood in the post-apartheid neighbourhood of Observatory
in Cape Town, South Africa.IS
Monitoring Extinction Risk and Threats of the World\u27s Fishes Based on the Sampled Red List Index
Global biodiversitytargets require us to identify species at risk of extinction and quantify status and trends of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) tracks trends in the conservation status of entire species groups over time by monitoring changes in categories assigned to species. Here, we calculate this index for the world’s fishes in 2010, using a sampled approach to the RLI based on a randomly selected sample of 1,500 species, and also present RLI splits for freshwater and marine systems separately. We further compare specific traits of a worldwide fish list to our sample to assess its representativeness. Overall, 15.1% of species in the sample were estimated to be threatened with extinction, resulting in a sampled RLI of 0.914 for all species, 0.968 in marine and 0.862 in freshwater ecosystems. Our sample showed fishing as the principal threat for marine species, and pollution by agricultural and forestry effluents for freshwater fishes. The sampled list provides a robust representation for tracking trends in the conservation status of the world’s fishes, including disaggregated sampled indices for marine and freshwater fish. Reassessment and backcasting of this index is urgent to check the achievement of the commitments proposed in global biodiversity targets
Crystal-Chemical Origins of the Ultrahigh Conductivity of Metallic Delafossites
Despite their highly anisotropic complex-oxidic nature, certain delafossite
compounds (e.g., PdCoO2, PtCoO2) are the most conductive oxides known, for
reasons that remain poorly understood. Their room-temperature conductivity can
exceed that of Au, while their low-temperature electronic mean-free-paths reach
an astonishing 20 microns. It is widely accepted that these materials must be
ultrapure to achieve this, although the methods for their growth (which produce
only small crystals) are not typically capable of such. Here, we first report a
new approach to PdCoO2 crystal growth, using chemical vapor transport methods
to achieve order-of-magnitude gains in size, the highest structural qualities
yet reported, and record residual resistivity ratios (>440). Nevertheless, the
first detailed mass spectrometry measurements on these materials reveal that
they are not ultrapure, typically harboring 100s-of-parts-per-million impurity
levels. Through quantitative crystal-chemical analyses, we resolve this
apparent dichotomy, showing that the vast majority of impurities are forced to
reside in the Co-O octahedral layers, leaving the conductive Pd sheets highly
pure (~1 ppm impurity concentrations). These purities are shown to be in
quantitative agreement with measured residual resistivities. We thus conclude
that a previously unconsidered "sublattice purification" mechanism is essential
to the ultrahigh low-temperature conductivity and mean-free-path of metallic
delafossites
Stress testing the dark energy equation of state imprint on supernova data
International audienceThis work determines the degree to which a traditional analysis of the standard model of cosmology (ΛCDM) based on type Ia supernovae can identify deviations from a cosmological constant in the form of a redshift-dependent dark energy equation of state w(z). We introduce and apply a novel random curve generator to simulate instances of w(z) from constraint families with increasing distinction from a cosmological constant. After producing a series of mock catalogs of binned type Ia supernovae corresponding to each w(z) curve, we perform a standard ΛCDM analysis to estimate the corresponding posterior densities of the absolute magnitude of type Ia supernovae, the present-day matter density, and the equation of state parameter. Using the Kullback-Leibler divergence between posterior densities as a difference measure, we demonstrate that a standard type Ia supernova cosmology analysis has limited sensitivity to extensive redshift dependencies of the dark energy equation of state. In addition, we report that larger redshift-dependent departures from a cosmological constant do not necessarily manifest easier-detectable incompatibilities with the ΛCDM model. Our results suggest that physics beyond the standard model may simply be hidden in plain sight
Seeing Red
Catalog for the exhibition Seeing Red held at the Seton Hall University Walsh Gallery, September 4 - October 20, 2018. Curated by Meghan Brady and Alexandra Henderson. Includes an essay by Meghan Brady and Alexandra Henderson. Includes color illustrations
Harnessing water fleas for water reclamation:A nature-based tertiary wastewater treatment technology
Characterization of immunogenic Neu5Gc in bioprosthetic heart valves
Background: The two common sialic acids (Sias) in mammals are N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its hydroxylated form N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Unlike most mammals, humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc that is considered foreign and recognized by circulating antibodies. Thus, Neu5Gc is a potential xenogenic carbohydrate antigen in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) that tend to deteriorate in time within human patients. Methods: We investigated Neu5Gc expression in non-engineered animal-derived cardiac tissues and in clinically used commercial BHV, and evaluated Neu5Gc immunogenicity on BHV through recognition by human anti-Neu5Gc IgG. Results: Neu5Gc was detected by immunohistochemistry in porcine aortic valves and in porcine and bovine pericardium. Qualitative analysis of Sia linkages revealed Siaa2-3> Siaa2-6 on porcine/bovine pericardium while the opposite in porcine aortic/pulmonary valve cusps. Similarly, six commercial BHV containing either porcine aortic valve or porcine/bovine/equine pericardium revealed Siaa2-3> Siaa2-6 expression. Quantitative analysis of Sia by HPLC showed porcine/bovine pericardium express 4-fold higher Neu5Gc levels compared to the porcine aortic/pulmonary valves, with Neu5Ac at 6-fold over Neu5Gc. Likewise, Neu5Gc was expressed on commercial BHV (186.3 +/- 16.9 pmol Sia/mu g protein), with Neu5Ac at 8-fold over Neu5Gc. Affinity-purified human anti-Neu5Gc IgG showing high specificity toward Neu5Gc-glycans (with no binding to Neu5Ac-glycans) on a glycan microarray, strongly bound to all tested commercial BHV, demonstrating Neu5Gc immune recognition in cardiac xenografts. Conclusions: We conclusively demonstrated Neu5Gc expression in native cardiac tissues, as well as in six commercial BHV. These Neu5Gc xeno-antigens were recognized by human anti-Neu5Gc IgG, supporting their immunogenicity. Altogether, these findings suggest BHV-Neu5Gc/anti-Neu5Gc may play a role in valve deterioration warranting further investigation
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