Catamenial pneumothorax revealing diaphragmatic endometriosis: a case report and revue of literature

Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is a rare entity of spontaneous, recurring pneumothorax in women. We aim to discuss the etiology, clinical course, and surgical treatment of a 42-year-old woman with CP. This patient had a right-sided spontaneous pneumothoraces occurred one week after menses. She had under-gone video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) because of a persistent air leak under chest tube. VATS revealed multiple diaphragmatic fenestrations with an upper right nodule. Defects were removed and a large part of the diaphragm was resected. Pleural abrasion was then performed over the diaphragm. Diaphragmatic endometriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination. Medical treatment with GnRH agonists was prescribed, and after recovery, the patient has been symptoms free for 20 months.Keywords: Catamenial pneumothorax, endometriosis, surgical treatmen

Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with Leishmania major parasites using SAGE

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Leishmania </it>(<it>L</it>) are intracellular protozoan parasites that are able to survive and replicate within the harsh and potentially hostile phagolysosomal environment of mammalian mononuclear phagocytes. A complex interplay then takes place between the macrophage (MΦ) striving to eliminate the pathogen and the parasite struggling for its own survival.</p> <p>To investigate this host-parasite conflict at the transcriptional level, in the context of monocyte-derived human MΦs (MDM) infection by <it>L. major </it>metacyclic promastigotes, the quantitative technique of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After extracting mRNA from resting human MΦs, <it>Leishmania</it>-infected human MΦs and <it>L. major </it>parasites, three SAGE libraries were constructed and sequenced generating up to 28,173; 57,514 and 33,906 tags respectively (corresponding to 12,946; 23,442 and 9,530 unique tags). Using computational data analysis and direct comparison to 357,888 publicly available experimental human tags, the parasite and the host cell transcriptomes were then simultaneously characterized from the mixed cellular extract, confidently discriminating host from parasite transcripts. This procedure led us to reliably assign 3,814 tags to MΦs' and 3,666 tags to <it>L. major </it>parasites transcripts. We focused on these, showing significant changes in their expression that are likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of parasite infection: (i) human MΦs genes, belonging to key immune response proteins (e.g., IFNγ pathway, S100 and chemokine families) and (ii) a group of <it>Leishmania </it>genes showing a preferential expression at the parasite's intra-cellular developing stage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Dual SAGE transcriptome analysis provided a useful, powerful and accurate approach to discriminating genes of human or parasitic origin in <it>Leishmania</it>-infected human MΦs. The findings presented in this work suggest that the <it>Leishmania </it>parasite modulates key transcripts in human MΦs that may be beneficial for its establishment and survival. Furthermore, these results provide an overview of gene expression at two developmental stages of the parasite, namely metacyclic promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and indicate a broad difference between their transcriptomic profiles. Finally, our reported set of expressed genes will be useful in future rounds of data mining and gene annotation.</p

Large-scale participation in policy design: citizen proposals for rural development in Tunisia

International audienceMore and more literature and practice recommend involving the public at the early stages of the policy cycle, i.e. issue identification, definition of the policy objectives and policy design. Policy design involves, among others, identifying solutions, ideas or alternatives which may address the policy objectives. Three main arguments are often put forward to advocate for the involvement of stakeholders, or the public, in policy design: a "user-centered " argument (i.e. for the policy to better meet people's priorities), an innovation argument (i.e. to conceive new solutions) and a collective argument (i.e. to identify collective actions and better tackle environmental problems). However, in both research and practice these arguments have been challenged. Research has insufficiently generated evidence of the influence of large-scale participation in policy design on resulting proposed actions. The objective of this paper is to analyze whether a large-scale participatory process leads to action proposals that fit people's priorities and that are innovative and collective. It draws from a land management and rural development policy design experiment conducted in six vulnerable areas of Tunisia. 4,300 direct participants were involved and 11,583 action proposals were collected. Our results highlight the influence of the local circumstances on innovation and the interest towards collective actions. Our results also show that whether policy design is made individually or in group influences the outcomes. The results also suggest that appropriate facilitation can help fostering more collective and innovative actions. We conclude the paper by opening up the idea of hybridizing policy design methods with methods from political and agricultural sciences in order to better understand the drivers and rationalities behind participants' action proposals

Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE-2

. "MDM+Lm" corresponds to MDM-specific genes extracted from the -infected sample, MDM to the library built with the same MDM preparation and MDM-M to a second in-house library prepared independently with MDMs raised in similar conditions from another pool of donors (Ottones et al., unpublished data). Mono, LPS, GM-CSF, M-CSF, IDC, MADC, leuk, WBC-N and WBC-Bc correspond to publicly available SAGE libraries (see Methods' section).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/238</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():238-238.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430024.</p><p></p

Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE-3

Ted from a list of down- or up-modulated transcripts after exposure to infection and clustered into functional families (data not shown). Data are reported according to their scale of fold expression values ranging from – 10 (green color) to +10 (red color). For extended names of genes abbreviated see Additional file .<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/238</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():238-238.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430024.</p><p></p

Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE-0

were compared to unique tags from the Lm and MDM libraries (A), or from the Lm library and a collection of publicly available human leukocyte tags (B). Panels C and D show comparisons after withdrawing tags found only once (unless present twice in another library).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/238</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():238-238.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430024.</p><p></p

Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE-4

were compared to unique tags from the Lm and MDM libraries (A), or from the Lm library and a collection of publicly available human leukocyte tags (B). Panels C and D show comparisons after withdrawing tags found only once (unless present twice in another library).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Simultaneous gene expression profiling in human macrophages infected with parasites using SAGE"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/238</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():238-238.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2430024.</p><p></p