1,375 research outputs found
Quantum cryptography with finite resources: unconditional security bound for discrete-variable protocols with one-way post-processing
We derive a bound for the security of QKD with finite resources under one-way
post-processing, based on a definition of security that is composable and has
an operational meaning. While our proof relies on the assumption of collective
attacks, unconditional security follows immediately for standard protocols like
Bennett-Brassard 1984 and six-states. For single-qubit implementations of such
protocols, we find that the secret key rate becomes positive when at least
N\sim 10^5 signals are exchanged and processed. For any other discrete-variable
protocol, unconditional security can be obtained using the exponential de
Finetti theorem, but the additional overhead leads to very pessimistic
estimates
Motion of Quantized Vortices as Elementary Objects
The general local, nondissipative equations of motion for a quantized vortex
moving in an uncharged laboratory superfluid are derived from a relativistic,
co-ordinate invariant framework, having vortices as its elementary objects in
the form of stable topological excitations. This derivation is carried out for
a pure superfluid with isotropic gap at the absolute zero of temperature, on
the level of a hydrodynamic, collective co-ordinate description. In the
formalism, we use as fundamental ingredients that particle number as well as
vorticity are conserved, and that the fluid is perfect. No assumptions are
involved as regards the dynamical behaviour of the order parameter. The
interaction of the vortex with the background fluid, representing the Magnus
force, and with itself via phonons, giving rise to the hydrodynamic vortex
mass, are separated. For a description of the motion of the vortex in a dense
laboratory superfluid like helium II, two limits have to be considered: The
nonrelativistic limit for the superfluid background is taken, and the motion of
the vortex is restricted to velocities much less than the speed of sound. The
canonical structure of vortex motion in terms of the collective co-ordinate is
used for the quantization of this motion.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Vortex in a weakly relativistic Bose gas at zero temperature and relativistic fluid approximation
The Bogoliubov procedure in quantum field theory is used to describe a
relativistic almost ideal Bose gas at zero temperature. Special attention is
given to the study of a vortex. The radius of the vortex in the field
description is compared to that obtained in the relativistic fluid
approximation. The Kelvin waves are studied and, for long wavelengths, the
dispersion relation is obtained by an asymptotic matching method and compared
with the non relativistic result.Comment: 20 page
From ‘greenest government ever’ to ‘get rid of all the green crap’: David Cameron, the Conservatives and the environment
The environment was David Cameron’s signature issue underpinning his modernization agenda. In opposition the ‘Vote Blue, Go Green’ strategy had a positive impact on the party’s image: the environment operated as a valence issue in a period of raised public concern, particularly about climate change, and Cameron’s high-profile support contributed to the cross-party consensus that delivered radical change in climate policy. Although the Coalition government has implemented important environmental measures, the Conservatives have not enhanced their green credentials in government and Cameron has failed to provide strong leadership on the issue. Since 2010, climate change has to some extent been transformed into a positional issue. Conservative MPs, urged on by the right-wing press, have adopted an increasingly partisan approach to climate change, and opinion polls reveal clear partisan divisions on climate change amongst public opinion. As a positional issue climate change has become challenging for the Conservatives, showing them to be internally divided, rebellious and inclined to support producer interests. This article makes a contribution to our understanding of Conservative modernization, while also challenging the dominant assumption in the scholarly literature that the environment, particularly climate change, is a valence issue
LEDA 074886: A remarkable rectangular-looking galaxy
We report the discovery of an interesting and rare, rectangular-shaped
galaxy. At a distance of 21 Mpc, the dwarf galaxy LEDA 074886 has an absolute
R-band magnitude of -17.3 mag. Adding to this galaxy's intrigue is the presence
of an embedded, edge-on stellar disk (of extent 2R_{e,disk} = 12 arcsec = 1.2
kpc) for which Forbes et al. reported V_rot/sigma ~ 1.4. We speculate that this
galaxy may be the remnant of two (nearly edge-one) merged disk galaxies in
which the initial gas was driven inward and subsequently formed the inner disk,
while the stars at larger radii effectively experienced a dissipationless
merger event resulting in this `emerald cut galaxy' having very boxy isophotes
with a_4/a = -0.05 to -0.08 from 3 to 5 kpc. This galaxy suggests that
knowledge from simulations of both `wet' and `dry' galaxy mergers may need to
be combined to properly understand the various paths that galaxy evolution can
take, with a particular relevance to blue elliptical galaxies.Comment: To appear in ApJ. Six pages including references and figure
Admission to the Bar: A Constitutional Analysis
This Special Project examines and analyzes selected constitutional challenges to requirements for permanent and temporary admission to the bar. In the area of permanent admission, the Special Project looks at constitutional challenges to three qualifications typically required of bar applicants by states: demonstration of good moral character, successful completion of a bar examination, and residency. In the area of admission pro hac vice , the Project examines constitutional challenges to the basis on which judges have denied temporary admission to an applicant
Appointing Women to Boards: Is There a Cultural Bias?
Companies that are serious about corporate governance and business ethics are turning their attention to gender diversity at the most senior levels of business (Institute of Business Ethics, Business Ethics Briefing 21:1, 2011). Board gender diversity has been the subject of several studies carried out by international organizations such as Catalyst (Increasing gender diversity on boards: Current index of formal approaches, 2012), the World Economic Forum (Hausmann et al., The global gender gap report, 2010), and the European Board Diversity Analysis (Is it getting easier to find women on European boards? 2010). They all lead to reports confirming the overall relatively low proportion of women on boards and the slow pace at which more women are being appointed. Furthermore, the proportion of women on corporate boards varies much across countries. Based on institutional theory, this study hypothesizes and tests whether this variation can be attributed to differences in cultural settings across countries. Our analysis of the representation of women on boards for 32 countries during 2010 reveals that two cultural characteristics are indeed associated with the observed differences. We use the cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede (Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values, 1980) to measure this construct. Results show that countries which have the greatest tolerance for inequalities in the distribution of power and those that tend to value the role of men generally exhibit lower representations of women on boards
The Metamorphosis of Tidally Stirred Dwarf Galaxies
We present results from high-resolution N-Body/SPH simulations of
rotationally supported dwarf irregular galaxies moving on bound orbits in the
massive dark matter halo of the Milky Way.The dwarf models span a range in disk
surface density and the masses and sizes of their dark halos are consistent
with the predictions of cold dark matter cosmogonies. We show that the strong
tidal field of the Milky Way determines severe mass loss in their halos and
disks and induces bar and bending instabilities that transform low surface
brightness dwarfs (LSBs) into dwarf spheroidals (dSphs) and high surface
brightness dwarfs (HSBs) into dwarf ellipticals (dEs) in less than 10 Gyr. The
final central velocity dispersions of the remnants are in the range 8-30 km/s
and their final falls to values , matching well the
kinematics of early-type dwarfs. The transformation requires the orbital time
of the dwarf to be \simlt 3-4 Gyr, which implies a halo as massive and
extended as predicted by hierarchical models of galaxy formation to explain the
origin of even the farthest dSph satellites of the Milky Way, Leo I and Leo II.
Only dwarfs with central dark matter densities as high as those of Draco and
Ursa Minor can survive for 10 Gyr in the proximity of the Milky Way: this is
naturally achieved within hierarchical models, where the densest objects should
have small orbital times due to their early formation epochs. Part of the gas
is stripped and part is funneled to the center due to the bar, generating one
strong burst of star formation in HSBs and smaller, multiple bursts in LSBs.
Extended low-surface brightness stellar and gaseous streams originate from LSBs
and, when projected along the line of sight, can lead to overestimate the
mass-to-light ratio of the bound remnant by a factor \simlt 2,Comment: 29 pages, 34 figures, submitted to ApJ. Figures 5,11 and 32 are given
as separate GIF files. Other figures and the movies of the simulations can be
found at http://pcblu.mib.infn.it/~lucio/LG/LG.htm
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