4,267 research outputs found
Empirical Models for Dark Matter Halos. III. The Kormendy relation and the log(rho_e)-log(R_e) relation
We have recently shown that the 3-parameter density-profile model from
Prugniel & Simien provides a better fit to simulated, galaxy- and
cluster-sized, dark matter halos than an NFW-like model with arbitrary inner
profile slope gamma (Paper I). By construction, the parameters of the
Prugniel-Simien model equate to those of the Sersic R^{1/n} function fitted to
the projected distribution. Using the Prugniel-Simien model, we are therefore
able to show that the location of simulated (10^{12} M_sun) galaxy-sized dark
matter halos in the _e-log(R_e) diagram coincides with that of brightest
cluster galaxies, i.e., the dark matter halos appear consistent with the
Kormendy relation defined by luminous elliptical galaxies. These objects are
also seen to define the new, and equally strong, relation log(rho_e) = 0.5 -
2.5log(R_e), in which rho_e is the internal density at r=R_e. Simulated
(10^{14.5} M_sun) cluster-sized dark matter halos and the gas component of real
galaxy clusters follow the relation log(rho_e) = 2.5[1 - log(R_e)]. Given the
shapes of the various density profiles, we are able to conclude that while
dwarf elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters can have dark matter halos with
effective radii of comparable size to the effective radii of their baryonic
component, luminous elliptical galaxies can not. For increasingly large
elliptical galaxies, with increasingly large profile shapes `n', to be dark
matter dominated at large radii requires dark matter halos with increasingly
large effective radii compared to the effective radii of their stellar
component.Comment: AJ, in press. (Paper I can be found at astro-ph/0509417
Robustness of quantum Markov chains
If the conditional information of a classical probability distribution of
three random variables is zero, then it obeys a Markov chain condition. If the
conditional information is close to zero, then it is known that the distance
(minimum relative entropy) of the distribution to the nearest Markov chain
distribution is precisely the conditional information. We prove here that this
simple situation does not obtain for quantum conditional information. We show
that for tri-partite quantum states the quantum conditional information is
always a lower bound for the minimum relative entropy distance to a quantum
Markov chain state, but the distance can be much greater; indeed the two
quantities can be of different asymptotic order and may even differ by a
dimensional factor.Comment: 14 pages, no figures; not for the feeble-minde
Electronic transport in films of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals
We present results for electronic transport measurements on large
three-dimensional arrays of CdSe nanocrystals. In response to a step in the
applied voltage, we observe a power-law decay of the current over five orders
of magnitude in time. Furthermore, we observe no steady-state dark current for
fields up to 10^6 V/cm and times as long as 2x10^4 seconds. Although the
power-law form of the decay is quite general, there are quantitative variations
with temperature, applied field, sample history, and the material parameters of
the array. Despite evidence that the charge injected into the film during the
measurement causes the decay of current, we find field-scaling of the current
at all times. The observation of extremely long-lived current transients
suggests the importance of long-range Coulomb interactions between charges on
different nanocrystals.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Monte-Carlo Simulations of the Dynamical Behavior of the Coulomb Glass
We study the dynamical behavior of disordered many-particle systems with
long-range Coulomb interactions by means of damage-spreading simulations. In
this type of Monte-Carlo simulations one investigates the time evolution of the
damage, i.e. the difference of the occupation numbers of two systems, subjected
to the same thermal noise. We analyze the dependence of the damage on
temperature and disorder strength. For zero disorder the spreading transition
coincides with the equilibrium phase transition, whereas for finite disorder,
we find evidence for a dynamical phase transition well below the transition
temperature of the pure system.Comment: 10 pages RevTeX, 8 Postscript figure
Fluctuations of Matrix Entries of Regular Functions of Wigner Matrices
We study the fluctuations of the matrix entries of regular functions of
Wigner random matrices in the limit when the matrix size goes to infinity. In
the case of the Gaussian ensembles (GOE and GUE) this problem was considered by
A.Lytova and L.Pastur in J. Stat. Phys., v.134, 147-159 (2009). Our results are
valid provided the off-diagonal matrix entries have finite fourth moment, the
diagonal matrix entries have finite second moment, and the test functions have
four continuous derivatives in a neighborhood of the support of the Wigner
semicircle law.Comment: minor corrections; the manuscript will appear in the Journal of
Statistical Physic
Electrical transport studies of quench condensed Bi films at the initial stage of film growth: Structural transition and the possible formation of electron droplets
The electrical transport properties of amorphous Bi films prepared by
sequential quench deposition have been studied in situ. A
superconductor-insulator (S-I) transition was observed as the film was made
increasingly thicker, consistent with previous studies. Unexpected behavior was
found at the initial stage of film growth, a regime not explored in detail
prior to the present work. As the temperature was lowered, a positive
temperature coefficient of resistance (dR/dT > 0) emerged, with the resistance
reaching a minimum before the dR/dT became negative again. This behavior was
accompanied by a non-linear and asymmetric I-V characteristic. As the film
became thicker, conventional variable-range hopping (VRH) was recovered. We
attribute the observed crossover in the electrical transport properties to an
amorphous to granular structural transition. The positive dR/dT found in the
amorphous phase of Bi formed at the initial stage of film growth was
qualitatively explained by the formation of metallic droplets within the
electron glass.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
The Orphan Adhesion-GPCR GPR126 Is Required for Embryonic Development in the Mouse
Adhesion-GPCRs provide essential cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in development, and have been implicated in inherited human diseases like Usher Syndrome and bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. They are the second largest subfamily of seven-transmembrane spanning proteins in vertebrates, but the function of most of these receptors is still not understood. The orphan Adhesion-GPCR GPR126 has recently been shown to play an essential role in the myelination of peripheral nerves in zebrafish. In parallel, whole-genome association studies have implicated variation at the GPR126 locus as a determinant of body height in the human population. The physiological function of GPR126 in mammals is still unknown. We describe a targeted mutation of GPR126 in the mouse, and show that GPR126 is required for embryonic viability and cardiovascular development
The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS)
OBJECTIVES: A second paediatric report has been generated from the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS). The purpose of EUROMACS, which is operated by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, is to gather data related to durable mechanical circulatory support for scientific purposes and to publish reports with respect to the course of mechanical circulatory support therapy. Since the first report issued, efforts to increase compliance and participation have been extended. Additionally, the data provided the opportunity to analyse patients of younger age and lower weight.
METHODS: Participating hospitals contributed pre-, peri- and long-term postoperative data on mechanical circulatory support implants to the registry. Data for all implants in paediatric patients (≤19 years of age) performed from 1 January 2000 to 1 July 2019 were analysed. This report includes updates of patient characteristics, implant frequency, outcome (including mortality rates, transplants and recovery rates) as well as adverse events including neurological dysfunction, device malfunction, major infection and bleeding.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine hospitals contributed 398 registered implants in 353 patients (150 female, 203 male) to the registry. The most frequent aetiology of heart failure was any form of cardiomyopathy (61%), followed by congenital heart disease and myocarditis (16.4% and 16.1%, respectively). Competing outcomes analysis revealed that a total of 80% survived to transplant or recovery or are ongoing; at the 2-year follow-up examination, 20% died while on support. At 12 months, 46.7% received transplants, 8.7% were weaned from their device and 18.5% died. The 3-month adverse events rate was 1.69 per patient-year for device malfunction including pump exchange, 0.48 for major bleeding, 0.64 for major infection and 0.78 for neurological events.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rate was 81.5% at 12 months following ventricular assist device implant. The comparison of survival rates of the early and later eras shows no significant difference. A focus on specific subgroups showed that survival was less in patients of younger age (<1 year of age) (P = 0.01) and lower weight (<20 kg) (P = 0.015). Transplant rates at 6 months contin
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