108 research outputs found

    Potentiel des carapaces de crustacés pour la fabrication des bétons à base de sédiments de dragage

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    La possibilitĂ© de valorisation des sĂ©diments de dragage peut ĂȘtre une alternative aux matiĂšres premiĂšres utilisĂ©es dans le domaine du gĂ©nie civil. Leur utilisation a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ©e par des recherches menĂ©es dans ce sens comme matĂ©riaux de construction (granulats artificiels, briques
). Quant aux carapaces de crustacĂ©s, des rĂ©sidus provenant des usines de transformation des produits de la pĂȘche, leur utilisation comme ajout cimentaire n’a pas encore Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e. Ce projet a Ă©tĂ© basĂ© sur l’utilisation potentielle des sĂ©diments de dragage et des carapaces de crustacĂ©s dans la formulation d’un bĂ©ton et dans l’expectative que les mĂ©langes formulĂ©s possĂšdent un comportement mĂ©canique proche de celui d’un bĂ©ton d’usage normal. Ce projet avait pour objectif spĂ©cifique d’étudier diffĂ©rentes formulations de pĂątes de ciment et de mortiers en faisant varier quatre paramĂštres, soit le taux de remplacement du ciment par la poudre de crustacĂ©s, la finesse de la poudre, la prĂ©sence ou non de matiĂšre organique dans la poudre et l’effet de la calcination de la poudre. Les sĂ©diments des Îles-de-la-Madeleine ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s comme sable dans les mortiers et la poudre de carapaces de crustacĂ©s comme ajout cimentaire dans les pĂątes et les mortiers. La poudre a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e sous plusieurs formes : brute, tamisĂ©e et ensuite calcinĂ©e. L’effet du taux de remplacement, de la finesse et de la calcination de la poudre sur les rĂ©sistances Ă  la compression a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©. Pour les pĂątes rĂ©alisĂ©es avec la poudre brute, plus le taux de remplacement augmente, plus la rĂ©sistance diminue. Pour les pĂątes rĂ©alisĂ©es avec la poudre tamisĂ©e, plus la finesse de la poudre augmente, plus la rĂ©sistance diminue. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que l’utilisation de poudre brute, tamisĂ©e ou non, ne constitue pas une voie de valorisation viable pour la fabrication de matĂ©riaux cimentaires. Pour les pĂątes rĂ©alisĂ©es avec la poudre calcinĂ©e, il n’y avait pas une relation linĂ©aire entre la rĂ©sistance et la finesse. Une augmentation de la rĂ©sistance pour la finesse 80 ÎŒm et une diminution pour les finesses <80 ÎŒm et 160 ÎŒm ont Ă©tĂ© notĂ©es. Les meilleurs rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus avec un taux de remplacement de 5% avec une poudre de crustacĂ©s calcinĂ©e de finesse 80 ÎŒm qui a donnĂ© une rĂ©sistance Ă  la compression Ă  28j de 60,1 MPa dans le cas des pĂątes de ciment. Pour les mortiers, un effet remarquable de la calcination sur les rĂ©sistances a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©. Les diminutions passaient de 71 % avec 5% de remplacement Ă  17% avec 10% de remplacement. Les meilleurs rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus avec 10% de remplacement incorporant les trois finesses qui a donnĂ© une rĂ©sistance Ă  la compression Ă  28j de 28,8 MPa et avec 5% de remplacement avec la finesse <80 ÎŒm donnant une rĂ©sistance Ă  la compression Ă  28j de 33,3 MPa

    Le traitement du diabÚte de type 2 chez les moins de 65 ans : description et qualité du traitement

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    L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire le traitement anti-hyperglycémiant oral et cardioprotecteur utilisé entre 1998 et 2002 par les diabétiques ùgés de moins de 65 ans du Québec. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte rétrospective à l'aide des banques de données de la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. La majorité des nouveaux diabétiques au Québec étaient traités à l'aide d'un seul anti-hyperglycémiant oral principalement la metformine ou une sulfonylurée. Une faible proportion de diabétiques était sous un traitement cardioprotecteur complet dans l'année qui suit l'initiation du traitement antihyperglycémiant oral (14,5%). Le risque d'initier un traitement cardioprotecteur complet était plus élevé chez les hommes, les personnes vivant en zone rurale, celles avec antécédents de maladies cardiovasculaires, les plus ùgées, celles ayant reçu leur premiÚre ordonnance d'anti-hyperglycémiant oral dans les 14 jours suivant une hospitalisation et celles ayant débuté leur traitement en 2002. La proportion de personnes qui ont débuté un traitement anti-hyperglycémiant a significativelnent augmenté durant la période étudiée. Le nombre de consultations médicales était inversement associé à l'initiation d'un traitement cardioprotecteur complet

    Screening of potential biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from seawater biofilm

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    Seawater represents a specific environment harboring complex bacterial community which is adapted to harsh conditions. Hence, biosurfactant produced by these bacteria under these conditions have interesting proprieties. The screening of biosurfactant producing strains isolated from seawater biofilm was investigated. Specific media, which have been reported to induce biosurfactant production, were used to prepare bacterial cultures and four methods; drop collapse, blue agar, blood-agar lysis and emulsification index, were applied to screen for biosurfactant production. 16 culturable, aerobic bacterial strains were isolated from biofilm in this study. Among these isolates, nine strains were Gram-positive and seven were Gram-negative. However the majority of the biosurfactant producer strains were Gram-negative belonging to different genera according to " a multitube micromethod for identification of bacteria (API system gallery)". Some of the isolated genera such as: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Neisseria, and Aeromonas are well known as biosurfactant producers, while other genera, mainly Staphylococcus, Chrysomonas and Photobacterium, were described for the first time as biosurfactant producers in this work.Keywords: Biosurfactant, seawater biofilm, bacteri

    Isolation of four hydrocarbon effluent-degrading Bacillaceae species and evaluation of their ability to grow under high-temperature or high-salinity conditions

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    Four bacterial strains belonging to the family Bacillaceae were isolated from a polluted site and tested for their efficiency in degrading a refinery effluent highly polluted with hydrocarbons. Among 13 strains isolated, four were selected for their efficiency. Each of these four strains demonstrated a strong ability to grow as a single strain on a hydrocarbon effluent (HCE) as sole carbon source. In batch assays using clarified wastewater as diluent, the strains achieved high-percentage decreases in total hydrocarbon concentration within 18 days: 98% with Bacillus licheniformis STK08, 87% with Geobacillus stearothermophilus STM04, 80% with Lysinibacillus sphaericus STZ75 and 72% with Bacillus firmus STS84. The decreases were greater during the first three days of treatment, with 73, 66, 39 and 47% recorded for Bacillus licheniformis STK08, G. stearothermophilus STM04, L. sphaericus STZ75 and B. firmus STS84, respectively. Growth assays run under different conditions showed that B. licheniformis STK08 and G. stearothermophilus STM04 were able to grow at salinities of up to 120 g/L and at 55°C. Potential biosurfactant production tested using two methods namely modified drop collapse (MDC) and blue agar plate (BAP) demonstrated that the four Bacillaceae species are biosurfactant producers.Keywords: Hydrocarbons, biodegradation, pure culture, high salinity, high temperatureAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(14), pp. 1636-164

    A 12GHz 30mW 130nm CMOS Rotary Travelling Wave Voltage Controlled Oscillator

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    This paper reports a 12GHz Rotary Travelling Wave (RTW) Voltage Controlled Oscillator designed in a 130nm CMOS technology. The phase noise and power consumption performances were compared with the literature and with telecommunication standards for broadcast satellite applications. The RTW VCO exhibits a -106dBc/Hz@1MHz and a 30mW power consumption with a sensibility of 400 MHz/V. Finally, requirements are given for a PLL implementation of the RTW VCO and simulated results are presented

    Investigation of a Cluster of Candida albicans Invasive Candidiasis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

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    Nosocomial invasive candidiasis (IC) has emerged as a major problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We investigated herein the temporal clustering of six cases of neonatal IC due to Candida albicans in an NICU. Eighteen isolates obtained from the six neonates and two isolates from two health care workers (HCWs) working at the same unit and suffering from fingers' onychomycosis were genotyped by electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA by using Sfi I (PFGE-Sfi I). PFGE-Sfi I was more effective in discriminating between temporally related isolates. It showed that (i) both HCWs had specific strains excluding them as a source of infections in neonates. (ii) Isolates collected from three neonates were identical providing evidence of their clonal origin and the occurrence of a horizontal transmission of C. albicans in the unit. (iii) The three remaining neonates had specific strains confirming that the IC cases were coincidental. (iv) Microevolution occurred in one catheter-related candidemia case. Our results illustrate the relevance of the molecular approach to investigate suspected outbreaks in hospital surveys and the effectiveness of PFGE-Sfi I for typing of epidemiologically related C. albicans isolates

    Changes in volatiles of olive tree Olea europaea according to season and foliar fertilization

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    In the present study, four foliar fertilizers (FF1, FF2, FF3 and FF4) were separately sprayed on Chemlali olive trees at different moments of the vegetative cycle. FF1 (rich in nitrogen) was applied during the vegetation stage (Last January-February) at a dose of 5 L/ha per spray (three sprays per season). FF2 (rich in boron, magnesium and sulphur), FF3 (rich in phosphorus and potassium) and FF4 (rich in phosphorus and calcium) were applied respectively during the stages of flowering (Last March-April), fruit growth (July-August) and ripening (October-November), at a dose of 3 L/ha per spray (three sprays per season for each fertilizer).The volatile fraction was analysed by GC-MS, 46 volatile compounds were identified and their amount were expressed as relative abundance (%). In a general view, the most abundant volatiles in Chemlali olive leaves across the vegetative cycle were (E)-2-hexenal, nonanal, (E)-ÎČ-damascenone, 3-ethenyl pyridine and ÎČ-caryophyllene. The levels of these main compounds and the general composition of the volatile fraction varied significantly through season.The volatile levels were mainly affected by the two foliar fertilizers enriched with nitrogen and Boron respectively. The most affected volatiles were (E)-2-hexenal, nonanal, 3-ethenyl pyridine, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and (E)-nerolidol. Less impact was noticed after the use of the other foliar fertilizers.Our study is the first investigation bringing data about the variation of leaf volatile profile of Chemlali cultivar across a vegetative cycle and showing the impact of nutrient foliar sprays on olive leaf volatile
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