41 research outputs found
Direct impact of COVID-19 by estimating disability-adjusted life years at national level in France in 2020
Background: The World Health Organization declared a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on March 11, 2020. The standardized approach of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) allows for quantifying the combined impact of morbidity and mortality of diseases and injuries. The main objective of this study was to estimate the direct impact of COVID-19 in France in 2020, using DALYs to combine the population health impact of infection fatalities, acute symptomatic infections and their post-acute consequences, in 28 days (baseline) up to 140 days, following the initial infection.
Methods: National mortality, COVID-19 screening, and hospital admission data were used to calculate DALYs based on the European Burden of Disease Network consensus disease model. Scenario analyses were performed by varying the number of symptomatic cases and duration of symptoms up to a maximum of 140 days, defining COVID-19 deaths using the underlying, and associated, cause of death.
Results: In 2020, the estimated DALYs due to COVID-19 in France were 990 710 (1472 per 100 000), with 99% of burden due to mortality (982 531 years of life lost, YLL) and 1% due to morbidity (8179 years lived with disability, YLD), following the initial infection. The contribution of YLD reached 375%, assuming the duration of 140 days of post-acute consequences of COVID-19. Post-acute consequences contributed to 49% of the total morbidity burden. The contribution of YLD due to acute symptomatic infections among people younger than 70 years was higher (67%) than among people aged 70 years and above (33%). YLL among people aged 70 years and above, contributed to 74% of the total YLL.
Conclusions: COVID-19 had a substantial impact on population health in France in 2020. The majority of population health loss was due to mortality. Men had higher population health loss due to COVID-19 than women. Post-acute consequences of COVID-19 had a large contribution to the YLD component of the disease burden, even when we assume the shortest duration of 28 days, long COVID burden is large. Further research is recommended to assess the impact of health inequalities associated with these estimates
Transitions and trajectories in frailty states over time: a systematic review of the European Joint Action ADVANTAGE
Introduction. Frailty is a dynamic syndrome and may be reversible. Despite this, little is known about trajectories or transitions between different stages of frailty. Methods. A systematic review was conducted, selecting studies reporting frailty trajectories or transition states for adults in any settings in European ADVANTAGE Joint Action Member States. Results. Only three papers were included. Data were from longitudinal communitybased cohorts in the United Kingdom, Netherlands and Italy. The English study investigated the effect of physical activity on the progression of frailty over a 10-year period. Two presented data on the proportion of participants experiencing at least one frailty transition over time (32.6% in the Italian sample aged â„ 65 years followed for 4.4 years; 34.3% in the Dutch sample aged 65-75 years, followed for 2 years). Conclusions. Data on frailty trajectories and transition states were limited and heterogeneous. Well-designed prospective studies and harmonized approaches to data collection are now needed
Incidence of frailty: a systematic review of scientific literature from a public health perspective
Introduction. Because of the dynamic nature of frailty, prospective epidemiological data are essential to calibrate an adequate public health response. Methods. A systematic review of literature on frailty incidence was conducted within the European Joint Action ADVANTAGE. Results. Of the 6 studies included, only 3 were specifically aimed at estimating frailty incidence, and only 2 provided disaggregated results by at least gender. The mean followup length (1-22.2 years; median 5.1), sample size (74-6306 individuals), and age of participants (â„ 30-65) varied greatly across studies. The adoption of incidence proportions rather than rates further limited comparability of results. After removing one outlier, incidence ranged from 5% (follow-up 22.2 years; age â„ 30) to 13% (follow-up 1 year, age â„ 55). Conclusions. Well-designed prospective studies of frailty are necessary. To facilitate comparison across studies and over time, incidence should be estimated in person-time rate. Analyses of factors associated with the development of frailty are needed to identify high-risk groups
Sexualité, prévention et rapports sociaux de sexe au fil de la vie
Afin d'améliorer les capacités de négociation des femmes en matiÚre de
sexualité et de prévention, certains auteurs recommandent d'agir sur les
représentations sociales qui opposent une sexualité féminine fondée sur
l'affectivité et la conjugalité et une sexualité masculine qui s'appuierait
sur des besoins physiques.
Ă partir de l'enquĂȘte Contexte de la sexualitĂ© en France (CSF), menĂ©e
en 2006 auprĂšs de 12 364 personnes, cet article propose une lecture
biographique des trajectoires sexuelles et préventives et une analyse
des dimensions normatives les plus structurantes.
Les résultats attestent d'un rapprochement des pratiques sexuelles féminines
et masculines mais également de la stabilité des représentations
différentialistes de la sexualité (qui attribuent à la nature les différences
entre femmes et hommes). Révélatrices des inégalités sociales de sexe
qui prévalent dans d'autres sphÚres, notamment professionnelles et
familiales, ces représentations génÚrent des tensions qui rendent plus
difficile pour les femmes l'adoption de pratiques préventives.
L'enjeu revientalorsà créerlesconditionssocialesdel'égalité despratiques
concrÚtes entre les sexes dans les différentes sphÚres sociales
Enjeux méthodologiques et recueil des données
Cette enquĂȘte, rĂ©alisĂ©e en 2006 auprĂšs de 12364 personnes sur la sexualitĂ© des français s'adresse aux chercheurs, acteurs politiques, de santĂ© ou de prĂ©vention qui travaillent sur la question des comportements sexuels et de la santĂ©. AprĂšs un chapitre expliquant la mĂ©thodologie de l'enquĂȘte, l'ouvrage analyse le sujet sous diffĂ©rents aspects : les trajectoires affectives et sexuelles (premier rapport sexuel, vie en couple, ruptures) : les pratiques, les partenaires et les rapports ; les relations de pouvoir dans la sexualitĂ© et les violences sexuelles ; les conditions de vie et la santĂ© (contraception, IST, prĂ©vention, troubles sexuels et maladies chroniques) ; les reprĂ©sentations liĂ©es Ă la sexualitĂ©.
Le constat d'un rapprochement des pratiques sexuelles entre les femmes et les hommes est notoire, mais la persistance des écarts de représentation associant la sexualité féminine à l'affectivité et celle des hommes à des besoins physiques impérieux reste un point déterminant à considérer dans l'adoption de stratégies préventives
Sexual Activity after Conjugal Separation
Most research on the period following divorce focuses on repartnering. This paper, which uses data from the 2001 ANRS-KABP AIDS survey, looks into a phase prior to repartnering: the pursuit of sexual and dating relationships. Among the persons aged 25 to 54 who had experienced a conjugal separation in the previous five years, four in five had had at least one new sexual partner who, in half of all cases, was already in a relationship with someone else. Men find a first new partner, followed by a second, more quickly than women. Moreover, women over 35 find a new partner less quickly and less often than women under 35. The duration of the previous partnership thus appears to be a handicap for women, while this is not the case for men
Connaissance du VIH/sida, perception du risque et comportements de prévention
Face au sida, les rĂ©sultats des enquĂȘtes KABP permettent de comprendre
si révolution des comportements de prévention chez les femmes au
cours des 15 derniÚres années est la résultante d'une modification des
perceptions du risque individuel ou du risque social. Ils montrent aussi
que l'adaptation au risque de contamination par le VIH diffĂšre entre
les femmes et les hommes. Les femmes, notamment les jeunes et les
moins diplÎmées, rapportent plus fréquemment ne pas avoir utilisé de
prĂ©servatif. Les rĂ©sultats de ces enquĂȘtes soulignent la difficultĂ© de certaines
femmes, aujourd'hui, à imposer l'utilisation du préservatif, alors
qu'elles ont une bonne connaissance de la maladie et une perception
du risque individuel de contamination plus élevée que les hommes.
Elles se retrouvent plus fréquemment dans l'obligation d'accepter des
rapports sexuels sans préservatif lorsque leur partenaire ne souhaite
pas en utiliser. Elles adoptent en revanche des stratégies alternatives
plus fréquentes (telles que le choix du partenaire, la réduction de leur
nombre) qui, contrairement aux hommes, ne semblent pas se substituer
à l'utilisation du préservatif
EnquĂȘte sur la sexualitĂ© en France. Pratiques, genre et santĂ©
Cet ouvrage s'appuie sur une enquĂȘte rĂ©alisĂ©e par l'INSERM et l'INED Ă l'initiative de l'ANRS : EnquĂȘte "Contexte de la sexualitĂ© en France" (CSF