CONCILIACIÓN, TRABAJO Y FAMILIA. ANÁLISIS COMPARADO ENTRE LOS MODELOS MEDITERRÁNEO Y ESCANDINAVO.

En este trabajo se analiza la evolución de la posición de la mujer en el mercado laboral y la familia en España Uno de los propósitos del trabajo es el de ahondar en el proceso de transformación de la sociedad,pasando de un modelo patriarcal a un modelo de doble ingreso y de doble ocupación familiar. Uno de los factores más importantes en la lucha por la igualdad laboral consiste en la implementación de distintas políticas de conciliación de la vida familiar y laboral. Por todo ello, otro de los temas centrales del trabajo es el estudio crítico de las Políticas sociales desarrolladas en España desde la transición política. Por último, se realiza un análisis de la situación en Noruega, como representación de los países escandinavos y se realiza una crítica sobre su Estado de bienestar

Obstacles and Limitations in the Use of Protocols Responding Intimate Partner Violence Against Women from the Health System in Spain

This report was conducted with the support of a research contract awarded to Marta Badenes Sastre by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades del Gobierno de España (reference: FPU17/01279), as well as with support from the research project “Violencia contra las mujeres: Consecuencias para su bienestar psicosocial” supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España (Ref: PID2021–123125OB–I00). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada.Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a public health problem that affects women worldwide. Consequently, victims frequently go to healthcare centers, usually with a cover reason. To address this problem, national and autonomic protocols to respond to IPVAW in health systems have been developed in Spain. In this regard, the role of primary care physicians (PCPs) will be essential for addressing IPVAW, but they could encounter obstacles in doing so. The purpose of this study was to explore how IPVAW is addressed in healthcare centers in Spain. This study synthesized the information available in the protocols to address IPVAW among health care workers in Spain and analyzed it according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Additionally, PCPs' perspectives on these protocols and the nature of IPVAW attention from healthcare centers were explored through a focus group. The findings displayed that, although the protocols mostly conform to WHO guidelines, they are insufficient to address IPVAW. Generally, PCPs were unaware of the existence of the protocols and referred to the lack of training in IPVAW and protocol use as one of the main obstacles to intervening, along with a lack of time and feelings as well as cultural, educational, and political factors. The adoption of measures to ensure that PCPs apply these protocols correctly and to approach PCPs' obstacles for addressing IPVAW in consultations will be crucial for the care of victims.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España PID2021–123125OB–I00Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades del Gobierno de España FPU17/01279Universidad de Granada UG

Transformative effect of intimate partner violence against women based on sociocultural factors trapping women in a violent relationship

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most frequent type of violence experienced by women, with devastating consequences for their physical and mental health. Due to exposure of women to the violence, their perceptions and interpretations of the situation may be distorted, making it difficult to leave the violent relationship. Exploring the obstacles that women must confront to verbalize their situation or ask for help is critical in preventing IPV against women (IPVAW). For this purpose, two studies were implemented: Study 1 included a focus group of seven victims of IPVAW and Study 2 included 550 women (n = 258 suffering IPVAW and n = 292 not suffering IPVAW). In Study 1, women reported that perceptions (e.g., minimization of the situation), interpretations (e.g., justifying the aggressor), and feelings (e.g., guilt) were the main obstacles in leaving a violent relationship. Study 2 revealed that participants who suffered IPVAW obtained lower scores in perceived severity, and attribution of responsibility to the aggressor, as well as higher scores in feelings of embarrassment and guilt than those who had not suffered IPVAW. No significant differences were found in risk assessed and feelings of fear. These findings highlight the serious consequences of exposure to IPVAW, requiring the implementation of preventive programs to address the distortion of reality due to the aggressor’s manipulation, as well as the influence of sociocultural factors on the construction of women’s roles in relationships.Universidad de Granada/ CBUAResearch project “Violencia contra las mujeres: Consecuencias para su bienestar psicosocial” supported by the Ministerio de Ciencias e Innovación (Ref: PID2021-123125OB-I00)MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER/UE, a way of making Europe, as well as the support of a research contractMinisterio de Ciencias, Innovación y Universidades de España (reference: FPU17/01279

Ecotoxicological efficiency of advanced ozonation processes with TiO2 and black light used in the degradation of carbamazepine

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological efficiency of two advanced ozonation processes (AOzPs), the catalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2) and the photocatalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2/black light), in the remotion of carbamazepine. The ecotoxicological efficiency was assessed through the use of lethal and sublethal assays with species Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. Results demonstrated that the AOzPs presented an efficiency of carbamazepine removal higher than 99% (carbamazepine < 2 μg/L) after 12 min of treatment. Relatively to ecotoxicological evaluation, application of acute assay to V. fischeri and chronic assay to D. magna allowed us to highlight that these technologies may form some transformation products that induce toxicity in the bacteria and the crustacean, once these organisms exposed to the undiluted solutions (100%) showed a decrease in the bioluminescence (vibrio) and end up dying before and during the first reproduction (daphnia). Despite that, when the chronic results obtained with the diluted solutions (50 and 25%; important to assess a more realistic scenario considering the dilution factor at the environment) were analyzed, no mortality at the mothers was observed. Compared to a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), diluted solutions improved of the reproduction parameters, and no toxic effects in the juvenoid system and in the embryonic development were observed. Relatively to the ecdysteroid effect of a carbamazepine solution (200 μg/L), only the photocatalytic ozonation treatment was able to remove the action of the drug. These results highlight the importance of complementing chemical analysis with ecotoxicological bioassays to assess the best technology to improve the surface water and effluent quality

(S)TEM structural and compositional nanoanalyses of chemically synthesized glutathione-shelled nanoparticles

This work is focused on the characterization by transmission and scanning–transmission electron microscopy-related techniques of core–shell nanoparticles synthesized via chemical methods. Diferent semiconducting, pure metallic or oxide materials have been utilized as the core (cadmium telluride, gold, magnetite, or magnetite covered with gold) of the nanoparticle, while they have been, in all cases, functionalized by a thin amorphous glutathione layer, with the goal of using the nanoparticles in biomedical applications such as biomarkers, and computerized tomography and image magnetic resonance contrast agents. The results show that it is possible to visualize the glutathione layer using spectroscopic and imaging techniques, associated with electron microscopy (such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images), that this layer is present at the surfaces of all observed nanoparticles, and that it is no thicker than a few nanometers. Electron microscopy also revealed that the nanoparticles core is crystalline and, in average, around 5-nm size.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MAT2015-67354-R (Program “Plan I+D+i”, subprogram “Retos”)Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture Grants ICARO-173873Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture Grants FPU16-0438

Evaluation of highly adsorptive Guefoams (multifunctional guest-containing foams) as a potential sorbent for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means of thermal desorption

The present work delves into the feasibility of employing a novel structured sorbent referred to as GFAD (Guefoam Adsorption Device) for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in liquid samples. The chosen method has been static headspace sorptive extraction-thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HSSE-TD-GC–MS). The GFAD comprises an aluminum cellular material with a distinct replication structure and a solid guest phase consisting of activated carbon particles dispersed within the cavities of the cellular aluminum. The extensive specific surface area, robustness, and exceptional thermal conductivity of this pioneering material offer distinct advantages over commercially available polydimethylsiloxane-based Twister® devices. Therefore, the trapping efficiency for volatile organic compounds is enhanced, and it is possible to perform the analysis of concentrated samples. According to computational simulations, it has been demonstrated that GFAD has a high heat conductivity. As a result, the desorption efficiency is improved, and minimal temperature gradients are generated throughout the GFAD during the heating process. Besides, the energy consumption is significantly lowered, thus aligning with environmentally conscientious and sustainable analytical practices. The experimental results give a proof of the suitability of the GFAD for determining gaseous compounds in liquid samples through HSSE-TD-GC–MS. For volatile species, the new material provides higher peak areas and lower limits of detection than a commercially available Twister® device. Furthermore, the GFAD is reusable, its adsorbing properties remaining unchanged during, at least, 100 consecutive analyses. In addition, unlike to the Twister®, no intense siloxane peaks are observed in the chromatograms obtained with the GFAD. The feasibility of qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis with the new accessory has been demonstrated with both standards and a cereal bioethanol real sample.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The research leading to these results received funding from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities under Grant Agreement No PID2021-127566NB-I00

La carne de vacuno en la alimentación humana

36 páginas, 2 Figuras, 7 Tablas.-- Publicaciones. Serie "Divulgación", Nº 16 Madrid, 2001.El «buen comer» se puede considerar desde dos puntos de vista distintos: como una necesidad y como un placer. En primer lugar, el hombre necesita alimentarse para mantener su salud y actividad. Con este fin, y dado su carácter de omnívoro, puede utilizar una amplia variedad de alimentos que le proporcionan la energía y todos los nutrientes, en calidad y cantidad suficientes para asegurar un adecuado estado de salud y desarrollo. La segunda faceta del «buen comer», la alimentación como fuente de placer, se basa en el hecho de que aunque una persona necesite una cantidad determinada de energía y nutrientes, es decir, aunque tenga una sola forma de nutrirse, a estas necesidades puede hacerlas frente a partir de un abanico muy amplio de alimentos que conforman distintas dietas o modos de alimentarse. En este sentido, la selección y consumo de alimentos que constituyen la dieta normal de un individuo están regulados por muchos factores, aparte de los nutricionales, que, en conjunto, determinan los hábitos alimentarios. Estos factores pueden clasificarse según el esquema de la figura 1.Peer reviewe

Rehabilitación de pacientes con movilidad reducida usando exoesqueleto y técnicas de gamificación

Este proyecto denominado consiste en la creación de un prototipo de exoesqueleto para su utilización en personas con movilidad reducida en brazos y manos. Está enfocado en entrenar al paciente con distintos grados de ejercicios y esfuerzos para ayudar en las tareas de recuperación del movimiento y aumentar así la movilidad de estas partes del cuerpo ante mencionadas. Para realizar estas funciones, el prototipo está formado por: una exo-mano que permite mover los dedos del usuario gracias al uso de motores, un exo-brazo que cuenta con un motor en el codo que ayuda al movimiento del brazo y una aplicación software con el que el usuario interactúa con el exoesqueleto y permite el entrenamiento y recolección de datos de éste. La exo-mano es capaz de imitar los movimientos de la mano del usuario a partir de un sen- sor que mide el grado de actividad del músculo de la mano, mientras que el exo-brazo calcula el grado de curvatura en función de su posición. Los componentes hardware del prototipo se interconectan con las aplicaciones software gracias al microcontrolador conectado al puerto serie del PC. La aplicación software esta´ formado por dos juegos en los que cada uno entrena una parte diferente: un juego estilo Pong con el que el usuario entrena el movimiento del brazo y en función de su grado de movilidad, el exo-brazo se adapta para ofrecer mayor o menor ayuda, y un juego con el que entrenar el movimiento tanto del brazo como de la mano, en el que la exo-mano se adapta al grado de movilidad de la mano.This project called ExoKit consists on the creation of a prototype of exoskeleton for its use in people with reduced mobility in arms and hands. It’s focused on training the patient with different types of exercises and efforts to help in the tasks of recovery of movement and thus increase the mobility of these parts of the body mentioned above. To perform these functions, the prototype consists of: an exohand that allows the user’s fingers to move thanks to the use of motors, an exo-arm that has a motor in the elbow that helps arm movement and a software application with the one that the user interacts with the exoskeleton and allows the training and data collection of the same. The exo-hand can imitate the movements of the user’s hand from a sensor that measures the degree of activity of the hand muscle, while the exo-arm calculates the degree of curvature as a function of its position. The hardware components of the prototype are interconnected with the software applications thanks to the microcontroller connected to the serial port of the PC. The software application consists of two games in which each of them trains a different part: a Pong style game with which the user trains the movement of the arm and depending on their degree of mobility, the exo-arm is adapted to offer more or less help, and a game with which to train the movement of the arm as well as the hand, in which the exo-hand adapts to the degree of mobility of the user’s hand.Universidad de Sevilla. TEP- 108: Robótica y Tecnología de Computadore

Computer visual syndrome

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio sobre el síndrome visual informático (SVI), para minimizar los trastornos ocasionados en los usuarios de ordenadores, a través de algunas consideraciones teóricas del SVI, así como consejos útiles dirigidos a la finalidad del trabajo. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva para seleccionar los textos adecuados y mediante el análisis-síntesis procesar la información para elaborar la propuesta, lo que arroja como resultado fundamental un texto sobre SVI que ayuda a los usuarios de ordenadores proteger su salud visual. In this work, a study on computer visual syndrome (SVI) is performed to minimize the disruption caused by computer users, through some theoretical considerations of the SVI, as well as useful tips aimed at the purpose of the work. An exhaustive bibliographic review is done to select the appropriate texts and through the analysis-synthesis process the information to elaborate the proposal, which results as a fundamental result a text about SVI that helps the users of computers to protect their visual health

Recommendations of the Spanish Societies of Radiation Oncology (SEOR), Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging (SEMNiM), and Medical Physics (SEFM) on F-FDG PET-CT for radiotherapy treatment planning

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a valuable tool for diagnosing and staging malignant lesions. The fusion of PET and computed tomography (CT) yields images that contain both metabolic and morphological information, which, taken together, have improved the diagnostic precision of PET in oncology. The main imaging modality for planning radiotherapy treatment is CT. However, PET-CT is an emerging modality for use in planning treatments because it allows for more accurate treatment volume definition. The use of PET-CT for treatment planning is highly complex, and protocols and standards for its use are still being developed. It seems probable that PET-CT will eventually replace current CT-based planning methods, but this will require a full understanding of the relevant technical aspects of PET-CT planning. The aim of the present document is to review these technical aspects and to provide recommendations for clinical use of this imaging modality in the radiotherapy planning process