Estudio de la influencia de la respuesta sensorial meridiana autónoma (ASMR) en la concentración y motivación frente al estudio

Treball de Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs acadèmic 2015-2016La respuesta sensorial meridiana autónoma (ASMR) se define como un hormigueo en el cuero cabelludo, seguido de una relajación similar a un orgasmo y que sucede mediante estimulación audiovisual concreta. Los estímulos que desencadenan respuesta sensorial meridiana autónoma se denominan Triggers o disparadores y producen la activación de vías biológicas de unión interpersonal. Se conoce que no todos los sujetos experimentan respuesta sensorial meridiana autónoma (ASMR) y algunos no la experimentan únicamente frente a determinados disparadores. Existe muy poca investigación sobre la influencia de la respuesta sensorial meridiana autónoma (ASMR) en el tratamiento de algunos trastornos; ni se ha estudiado en profundidad su influencia en algunos procesos mentales. En el presente estudio se plantea una investigación de la influencia del uso de material audiovisual que suscita respuesta sensorial meridiana autónoma (ASMR) frente al estudio en una muestra de sujetos, con el objeto de estudiar su influencia en los procesos cognitivos de concentración y motivación.The ASMR feeling is defined as a tingling in the scalp, followed by a feeling of relaxation and orgasm similar to that of an orgasm and that happens by specific audiovisual stimulation The stimuli that trigger ASMR are called triggers and produce biological pathways activation of interpersonal union. It is known that not all subjects experience sensations ASMR and develop some aversion to certain triggers. There is little research on the role of ASMR in the treatment of certain disorders; neither it has been studied in depth its influence on some mental process. In the present study an investigation of the influence of the use of audiovisual material that arouses feelings ASMR (Activation Sensory Meridiana Autonomous) compared to the study in a sample of subjects, in order to learn more about their influence on the processes of concentration arises and motivation

Cuidados de enfermería en UCI pediátrica (UCIP) tras un diagnóstico de neumonía necrotizante: a propósito de un caso clínico

Treball Final de Grau en Infermeria. Codi: IN1138. Curs: 2022/2023Introducción: La neumonía necrotizante es en la población pediátrica una complicación de gravedad y poco común dentro de las unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Supone una destrucción del parénquima pulmonar en presencia de empiema y fístulas broncopleurales. A pesar de ser grave, la muerte es poco común y se consigue una recuperación clínica en los 5-6 meses siguientes al diagnóstico. Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer el abordaje, desde el punto de vista enfermero, de un plan de cuidados de una paciente de 11 años diagnosticada de neumonía necrotizante. Metodología: La documentación para este caso se obtuvo de la base de datos Pubmed, Cochrane Plus y protocolos de la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). La valoración se ha realizado a través del modelo de Virginia Henderson y se ha utilizado la taxonomía NANDA, NOC, NIC para identificar y planificar los problemas. Resultados: Tras la evaluación del plan propuesto, se ha podido observar que las intervenciones planteadas han sido eficaces para la consecución de los resultados esperados. Conclusión: A modo de conclusión, se resalta la importancia de la labor enfermera en el plan de cuidados para dicha patologíaIntroduction: Necrotizing pneumonia is a serious and rare complication in the pediatric population in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). It supposes a destruction of the lung parenchyma in the presence of empyema and bronchopleural fistulas. Despite being serious, death is rare and clinical recovery is achieved within 5-6 months of diagnosis. Objective: The objective of this work was to know the approach, from a nursing point of view, of a care plan for an 11-year-old patient diagnosed with necrotizing pneumonia. Methodology: The documentation for this case was obtained from the Pubmed and Cochrane Plus databases and unit protocols of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The assessment has been carried out through the Virginia Henderson model and the NANDA, NOC, NIC taxonomy has been used to identify and plan the problems. Results: After the evaluation of the proposed plan, it has been observed that the proposed interventions have been effective in achieving the expected results. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the importance of nursing work in the care plan for said pathology is highlighted

AAV delivery of shRNA against IRS1 in GABAergic neurons in rat hippocampus impairs spatial memory in females and male rats

This is a pre-print of an article published in Brain Structure and Function. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02155-xBrain insulin resistance is a major factor leading to impaired cognitive function and it is considered as the onset of Alzheimer´s disease. Insulin resistance is intimately linked to inflammatory conditions, many studies have revealed how pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to insulin resistance, by inhibiting IRS1 function. Thus, the dysfunction of insulin signaling is concomitant with inflammatory biomarkers. However, the specific effect of IRS1 impaired function in otherwise healthy brain has not been dissected out. So, we decided in our study, to study the specific role of IRS1 in the hippocampus, in the absence of comorbidities. To that end, shRNA against rat and human IRS1 was designed and tested in cultured HEK cells to evaluate mRNA levels and specificity. The best candidate sequence was encapsulated in an AAV vector (strain DJ8) under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter and together with the green fluorescent protein gene as a reporter. AAV-CMV-shIRS1-EGFP and control AAV-CMV-EGFP were inoculated into the dorsal hippocampus of female and male Wistar rats. One month later, animals undertook a battery of behavioral paradigms evaluating spatial and social memory and anxiety. Our results suggest that females displayed increased susceptibility to AAV-shIRS1 in the novel recognition object paradigm; whereas both females and males show impaired performance in the T maze when infected with AAV-shIRS1 compared to control. Anxiety parameters were not affected by AAV-shIRS1 infection. We observed specific fluorescence within the hilum of the dentate gyrus, in immuno-characterized parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons. AAV DJ8 did not enter astrocytes. Intense green fibers were found in the fornix, mammillary bodies, and in the medial septum indicating that hippocampal efferent had been efficiently targeted by the AAV DJ8 infection. We observed that AAV-shIRS1 reduced significantly synaptophysin labeling in hippocampal-septal projections compared to controls. These results support that, small alterations in the insulin/IGF1 pathway in specific hippocampal circuitries can underlie alterations in synaptic plasticity and affect behavior, in the absence of inflammatory condition

Abscisic Acid Supplementation Rescues High Fat Diet-Induced Alterations in Hippocampal Inflammation and IRSs Expression

Accumulated evidence indicates that neuroinflammation induces insulin resistance in the brain. Moreover, both processes are intimately linked to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. Potential mechanisms underlying insulin resistance include serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) or insulin receptor (IR) misallocation. However, only a few studies have focused on IRS expression in the brain and its modulation in neuroinflammatory processes. This study used the high-fat diet (HFD) model of neuroinflammation to study the alterations of IR, an insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and IRS expressions in the hippocampus. We observed that HFD effectively reduced mRNA and protein IRS2 expression. In contrast, a HFD induced the upregulation of the IRS1 mRNA levels, but did not alter an IR and IGF1R expression. As expected, we observed that a HFD increased hippocampal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels while reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and neurogenesis. Interestingly, we found that TNFα correlated positively with IRS1 and negatively with IRS2, whereas APP levels correlated positively only with IRS1 but not IRS2. These results indicate that IRS1 and IRS2 hippocampal expression can be affected differently by HFD-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, we aimed to establish whether abscisic acid (ABA) can rescue hippocampal IRS1 and IRS2 expression, as we had previously shown that ABA supplementation prevents memory impairments and improves neuroinflammation induced by a HFD. In this study, ABA restored HFD-induced hippocampal alterations, including IRS1 and IRS2 expression, TNFα, APP, and BDNF levels and neurogenesis. In conclusion, this study highlights different regulations of hippocampal IRS1 and IRS2 expression using a HFD, indicating the important differences of these scaffolding proteins, and strongly supports ABA therapeutic effects

IRS1 expression in hippocampus is age-dependent and is required for mature spine maintenance and neuritogenesis

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-1) play prominent roles in brain activity throughout the lifespan. Insulin/IGF1 signaling starts with the activation of the intracellular insulin receptor substrates (IRS). In this work, we performed a comparative study of IRS1 and IRS2, together with the IGF1 (IGF1R) and insulin (IR) receptor expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during development. We found that IRS1 and IRS2 expression is prominent during development and declines in the aged hippocampus, contrary to IR, which increases in adulthood and aging. In contrast, IGF1R expression is unaffected by age. Expression patterns are similar in the prefrontal cortex. Neurite development occurs postnatally in the rodent hippocampus and cortex, and it declines in the mature and aged brain and is influenced by trophic factors. In our previous work, we demonstrated that knockdown of IRS1 by shRNA impairs learning and reduces synaptic plasticity in a rat model, as measured by synaptophysin puncta in axons. In this study, we report that shIRS1 alters spine maturation in adult hilar hippocampal neurons. Lastly, to understand the role of IRS1 in neuronal neurite tree, we transfect shIRS1 into primary neuronal cultures and observed that shIRS1 reduced neurite branching and neurite length. Our results demonstrate that IRS1/2 and insulin/IGF1 receptors display different age-dependent expression profiles and that IRS1 is required for spine maturation, demonstrating a novel role for IRS1 in synaptic plasticity