A diagnostic approach to obtaining planetary boundary layer winds using satellite-derived thermal data

The feasibility of using satellite derived thermal data to generate realistic synoptic scale winds within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is examined. Diagnostic modified Ekman wind equations from the Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) Boundary Layer Model are used to compute winds at seven levels within the PBL transition layer (50 m to 1600 m AGL). Satellite derived winds based on 62 predawn TIROS-N soundings are compared to similarly derived wind fields based on 39 AVE-SESAME II rawinsonde (RAOB) soundings taken 2 h later. Actual wind fields are also used as a basis for comparison. Qualitative and statistical comparisons show that the Ekman winds from both sources are in very close agreement, with an average vector correlation coefficient of 0.815. Best results are obtained at 300 m AGL. Satellite winds tend to be slightly weaker than their RAOB counterparts and exhibit a greater degree of cross-isobaric flow. The modified Ekman winds show a significant improvement over geostrophic values at levels nearest the surface

Fundamental principles for determining the cost of producing malleable iron castings; Uniform cost accounting methods

An examination of the cost accounting systems of the members of the American Malleable Castings Association shows that a variety of widely different methods are used to ascertain the cost of producing castings. This is particularly true in the matter of determining the cost to produce different patterns of castings or the cost to produce the work for a given customer. Cost classifications of all conceivable arrangements are followed while hardly any two companies treat the same elements of cost in a like manner. Important and appreciably large items of cost are even overlooked entirely by some of the companies. The result is extremely wide differences in costs which are not true cost differences but differences, to a very large extent, due to variations in methods of ascertaining costs. It is a condition that is adverse to sound trade relations and to the best interests and welfare of the industry. Original item in Boxno. 040

Defining and Surveying Wireless Link Virtualization and Wireless Network Virtualization

Virtualization is a topic of great interest in the area of mobile and wireless communication systems. However, the term virtualization is used in an inexact manner which makes it difficult to compare and contrast work that has been carried out to date. The purpose of this paper is twofold. In the first place, this paper develops a formal theory for defining virtualization. In the second instance, this theory is used as a way of surveying a body of work in the field of wireless link virtualization, a subspace of wireless network virtualization. The formal theory provides a means for distinguishing work that should be classed as resource allocation as distinct from virtualization. It also facilitates a further classification of the representation level at which the virtualization occurs, which makes comparison of work more meaningful. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and highlights gaps in the research that make for fruitful future work

Technology-Assisted Document Review: Is it Defensible?

Technology has changed the way we communicate and, in so doing, has changed the discovery phase of litigation. Parties must sift through ever-growing data volumes to find relevant material, significantly increasing time and cost requirements. Technology has also changed the way attorneys meet discovery demands. New technologies like “machine learning” and “predictive coding” give lawyers important new tools to manage the growing volume of electronically stored information (“ESI”)

Uniform cost accounting system

An examination of the cost accounting systems of the members of the Association shows that a variety of widely different methods of cost accounting are used to ascertain the cost of producing car wheels. This is especially true with respect to methods of handling old wheels received through exchange contracts; to methods of distributing general plant expense and administrative and general overhead expense where products in addition to car wheels are manufactured; to methods of handling depreciation; failed wheels; replacements of pattern and flask equipment; and to methods of classifying cost information

System of accounts for retail merchants

The Federal Trade Commission has found that the majority of retail merchants do not know accurately the cost of conducting their business and for this reason they are unable to price their goods intelligently. There must he decided improvement in this direction before competition can be placed upon a sound basis and before we can expect a decrease in the heavy business death rate among retail merchants. With the object of aiding retail merchants to improve their accounting methods we have outlined a simple system of accounts which provides for supplying the information necessary to properly direct a retail business. I commend the pamphlet to your attention and feel satisfied that if you will read it carefully you will find many helpful suggestions

Fundamentals of a cost system for manufacturers

The Federal Trade Commission has found that an amazing number of manufacturers, particularly the smaller ones, have no adequate system for determining their costs and price their goods arbitrarily. It is evident that there must be improvement in this direction before competition can be placed upon a sound economic basis. With the object of aiding in the improvement of business generally we have endeavored in this pamphlet to show briefly the importance of accurate manufacturing costs and the fundamental principles underlying them. I commend it to your attention and feel satisfied that if you will read it carefully you will find many helpful suggestions