Asymptotics for the number of n-quasigroups of order 4

The asymptotic form of the number of n-quasigroups of order 4 is $3^{n+1} 2^{2^n +1} (1+o(1))$. Keywords: n-quasigroups, MDS codes, decomposability, reducibility.Comment: 15 p., 3 fi

Legal and economic components of modern accounting transformation

Complex transformational process characteristics of modern accounting have significantly influenced its three components; the economic, mathematical and legal aspect of modern accounting. Currently the predominant role belongs to the first one, but in the conditions of the digital economy development it is the mathematical one. It should be noted that the importance of commercial secrets prevent the transition to the information flows transparency while significant decrease of the legal accounting aspect can lead to certain quality deterioration of the accounting information. The main idea of this article is not only to discover the negative aspects connected with the weakening of legal accounting aspects, but also to show possible options of modern legal issues and implementations into the accounting practice. One of the main theoretical and methodological problems in this area is the intensive expansion of the multivariate accounting, based on professional judgment, which decreases the accounting procedures’ regulatory role. The authors consider necessary to propose a harmonious and balanced system of informational enrichment of public institutions’ activity of all the ties between the taxation process and its accounting support. As a result of this research, the authors came to the conclusion to structure formal and informal institutions that could influence the organization of accounting at a particular economic level moving from the advisory options of the accounting policy to the elements of discrete financial and business law based on the development of internal standards of economic entities.peer-reviewe

New model for system of mesoscopic Josephson contacts

Quantum fluctuations of the phases of the order parameter in 2D arrays of mesoscopic Josephson junctions and their effect on the destruction of superconductivity in the system are investigated by means of a quantum-cosine model that is free of the incorrect application of the phase operator. The proposed model employs trigonometric phase operators and makes it possible to study arrays of small superconducting granules, pores filled with superfluid helium, or Josephson junctions in which the average number of particles $n_0$ (effective bosons, He atoms, and so on) is small, and the standard approach employing the phase operator and the particle number operator as conjugate ones is inapplicable. There is a large difference in the phase diagrams between arrays of macroscopic and mesoscopic objects for $n_0 < 5$ and $U<J$ ($U$ is the characteristic interaction energy of the particle per granule and $J$ is the Josephson coupling constant). Reentrant superconductivity phenomena are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 Postscript figure

Tagging High Energy Photons in the H1 Detector at HERA

Measures taken to extend the acceptance of the H1 detector at HERA for photoproduction events are described. These will enable the measurement of electrons scattered in events in the high y range 0.85 < y < 0.95 in the 1998 and 1999 HERA run period. The improvement is achieved by the installation of an electromagnetic calorimeter, the ET8, in the HERA tunnel close to the electron beam line 8 m downstream of the H1 interaction point in the electron direction. The ET8 will allow the study of tagged gamma p interactions at centre-of-mass energies significantly higher than those previously attainable. The calorimeter design and expected performance are discussed, as are results obtained using a prototype placed as close as possible to the position of the ET8 during the 1996 and 1997 HERA running.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure

Josephson array of mesoscopic objects. Modulation of system properties through the chemical potential

The phase diagram of a two-dimensional Josephson array of mesoscopic objects is examined. Quantum fluctuations in both the modulus and phase of the superconducting order parameter are taken into account within a lattice boson Hubbard model. Modulating the average occupation number $n_0$ of the sites in the system leads to changes in the state of the array, and the character of these changes depends significantly on the region of the phase diagram being examined. In the region where there are large quantum fluctuations in the phase of the superconducting order parameter, variation of the chemical potential causes oscillations with alternating superconducting (superfluid) and normal states of the array. On the other hand, in the region where the bosons interact weakly, the properties of the system depend monotonically on $n_0$. Lowering the temperature and increasing the particle interaction force lead to a reduction in the width of the region of variation in $n_0$ within which the system properties depend weakly on the average occupation number. The phase diagram of the array is obtained by mapping this quantum system onto a classical two-dimensional XY model with a renormalized Josephson coupling constant and is consistent with our quantum Path-Integral Monte Carlo calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 Postscript figure

A New High Energy Photon Tagger for the H1 - Detector at HERA

The H1 detector at HERA has been upgraded by the addition of a new electromagnetic calorimeter. This is installed in the HERA tunnel close to the electron beam line at a position 8m from the interaction point in the electron beam direction. The new calorimeter extends the acceptance for tagged photoproduction events to the high y range, 0.85 < y < 0.95, and thus significantly improves the capability of H1 to study high energy gamma-p processes. The calorimeter design, performance and first results obtained during the 1996-1999 HERA running are described.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figure

Protection of children’s rights - all-russian business

В статье рассматривается необходимость сохранения института Российского детства, как основного элемента развития отечественной государственной мысли и решения проблемы ликвидации «беспризорности» современных детей, как центрального элемента их защиты и воспитания.The article discusses the need to preserve the institution of Russian childhood, as the main element in the development of national state thought and the solution to the problem of eliminating the «separation from life» of modern children, as a central element of their protection and education

Clinical-economic analysis of valproate microsphere form in focal epilepsy in adults (real world evidences)

Clinical and economical results of switching from original valproate - Depakine Chronosphere - to generic tablets of prolong action in adult patients with focal epilepsy has been performed. Methodology: In 127 patients duration of Depakine Chronosphere usage before switching, it’s dosage, efficacy, drug of switching, it’s dosage, dynamic of epilepsy seizures during half of the year after were fixed. Also were calculated total amount of out-patients visits, emergency calls, admission to hospitals, disability days before and after switching. Direct costs, including pharmacotherapy, hospitalization, out-patients visits etc., have been summarized. And total expenditures for one patient were calculated with cost-effective ratio during half of the year before and after switching were ensured. Results: Adult patients with focal epilepsy (127 pts) have been switched by doctors for technical, non medical, reasons to receive valproate Gxs instead previous treatment with Depakine Chronosphere. Patients have switched to Convulex (n=79.), Encorat (n= 27), Valparin ХР (n=21). After Convulex switching the total amount of patients in remission is less than in Depakine treatment. Absolute Risk of seizures is increased on 16,5%, relative risk - on 27,7%. Total amount of out-patients’ visits increased on 47,2% by the less Convulex efficacy as well as necessity in hospitalization has been occurred, and disability days count was 3,35 in average after switching. Total expenditures after switching from Depakine Chronosphere to Convulex were increased, and cost-effective ration for Depakine Chronosphere was less on 80,4% in compare with Convulex. In other cases of switching from original to Gxs valproate results were similar - efficacy was less and cost was increased. Conclusion: Switch from Depakine Chronosphere to valproate Gxs in focal epilepsy in adults is not justified from clinical point of view and more expensive from economic point of view

Representations of Menger (2,n)(2,n)-semigroups by multiplace functions

Investigation of partial multiplace functions by algebraic methods plays an important role in modern mathematics were we consider various operations on sets of functions, which are naturally defined. The basic operation for $n$-place functions is an $(n+1)$-ary superposition $[ ]$, but there are some other naturally defined operations, which are also worth of consideration. In this paper we consider binary Mann's compositions \op{1},...,\op{n} for partial $n$-place functions, which have many important applications for the study of binary and $n$-ary operations. We present methods of representations of such algebras by $n$-place functions and find an abstract characterization of the set of $n$-place functions closed with respect to the set-theoretic inclusion

Fractional dynamics of coupled oscillators with long-range interaction

We consider one-dimensional chain of coupled linear and nonlinear oscillators with long-range power-wise interaction. The corresponding term in dynamical equations is proportional to $1/|n-m|^{\alpha+1}$. It is shown that the equation of motion in the infrared limit can be transformed into the medium equation with the Riesz fractional derivative of order $\alpha$, when $0<\alpha<2$. We consider few models of coupled oscillators and show how their synchronization can appear as a result of bifurcation, and how the corresponding solutions depend on $\alpha$. The presence of fractional derivative leads also to the occurrence of localized structures. Particular solutions for fractional time-dependent complex Ginzburg-Landau (or nonlinear Schrodinger) equation are derived. These solutions are interpreted as synchronized states and localized structures of the oscillatory medium.Comment: 34 pages, 18 figure