The situation of women in seventeenth century Fife : as illustrated by the records of the Church courts

Women, particularly those from the lower ranks in society, have received little attention from historians. In part this is due to the limited nature of the available sources. The present thesis is largely based on evidence taken from the records of the post-Reformation church courts, particularly kirk sessions and presbyteries. These offer the best source for a study of low-life social conditions in the early-modern period and often the only source as far as low-ranking women are concerned. Furthermore, unlike the clientele of civil and criminal courts, almost as many women as men appeared before the church courts. Court records naturally emphasise deviancy but, by extension they can indicate what was considered normal and desirable behaviour. In order to put deviancy into perspective, reference is made to certain other sources, particularly diaries, even although these were written by a higher-ranking section of society than the miscreants who were hauled up before the kirk session. Sexual offences, particularly fornication and adultery, formed the staple business of the church courts. As with other offences, these have been examined both on a quantitative and a qualitative basis to show change and stability in the pattern of offences and to give some indication, however fragmentary, of the expectations and reality of love, courtship and marriage for the lower ranks. Witchcraft was the most sensational and serious offence prosecuted although it was not as common as has often been supposed. Its importance lies in the fact that the witch embodied a negative image of womankind, a symbol of all that was feared and reviled in women in the seventeenth century. The final chapter deals with a miscellany of offences against religion and good order Sabbath-breaking, drinking, conventicling and recusancy, assault, riot, infanticide, slander, flyting and scolding. Women were heavily involved in some, but not all of these offences. Although women suffered discrimination in civil and political rights, church court records suggest that among lower-ranking men and women there was a greater degree of equality in practice than was allowed in theory

Zgorzelec – bilans otwarcia Studium przypadku miasta transgranicznego w perspektywie przemian gospodarczych i europejskiej integracji

W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęta została próba scharakteryzowania zasadniczych czynników, które miały wpływ na przemiany przestrzenne w miastach, w okresie ostatnich dwóch dekad. Przypadkiem studialnym, na którego podstawie Autorzy starali się o pewne uogólnienia, było miasto Zgorzelec. Stanowi ono przykład o tyle szczególny, że jest miastem podzielonym granicą państwową, a jego przestrzenne „dopełnienie” to niemieckie miasto Görlitz. Na dynamikę rozwoju Zgorzelca oddziałują, poza czynnikami charakterystycznymi dla wszystkich miast podobnej wielkości, także bezpośrednie relacje transgraniczne.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Accelerating Kinetic Simulations of Electrostatic Plasmas with Reduced-Order Modeling

Despite the advancements in high-performance computing and modern numerical algorithms, the cost remains prohibitive for multi-query kinetic plasma simulations. In this work, we develop data-driven reduced-order models (ROM) for collisionless electrostatic plasma dynamics, based on the kinetic Vlasov-Poisson equation. Our ROM approach projects the equation onto a linear subspace defined by principal proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes. We introduce an efficient tensorial method to update the nonlinear term using a precomputed third-order tensor. We capture multiscale behavior with a minimal number of POD modes by decomposing the solution into multiple time windows using a physical-time indicator and creating a temporally-local ROM. Applied to 1D-1V simulations, specifically the benchmark two-stream instability case, our time-windowed reduced-order model (TW-ROM) with the tensorial approach solves the equation approximately 280 times faster than Eulerian simulations while maintaining a maximum relative error of 4% for the training data and 13% for the testing data.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures typos corrected; references added; add one figures for predicted solution fields; fix error in the legend of figure 1.b and caption; add rebox in figure 1.a to indicate training data; add timing for constructing the tensor in offline; add one more paragraph in section 3

Using conservation laws to infer deep learning model accuracy of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities

Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability (RMI) is a complicated phenomenon that occurs when a shockwave passes through a perturbed interface. Over a thousand hydrodynamic simulations were performed to study the formation of RMI for a parameterized high velocity impact. Deep learning was used to learn the temporal mapping of initial geometric perturbations to the full-field hydrodynamic solutions of density and velocity. The continuity equation was used to include physical information into the loss function, however only resulted in very minor improvements at the cost of additional training complexity. Predictions from the deep learning model appear to accurately capture temporal RMI formations for a variety of geometric conditions within the domain. First principle physical laws were investigated to infer the accuracy of the model's predictive capability. While the continuity equation appeared to show no correlation with the accuracy of the model, conservation of mass and momentum were weakly correlated with accuracy. Since conservation laws can be quickly calculated from the deep learning model, they may be useful in applications where a relative accuracy measure is needed