649 research outputs found

    Microbiota-Oriented Diagnostics and Therapy in Sepsis: Utopia or Necessity?

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    When diagnosing sepsis, it is common to look for pathogens, microbe’s DNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or host biomarkers while missing out on microbiota. The next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene allowed characterizing the gut microbiota taxonomy and clarifying the gut microbial population being more complex than was previously thought. We suppose that significant disruption of the microbiota is an indicator of the major role it plays in sepsis. Serious metabolic disorders of the gut microbiota may contribute to an unfavorable outcome in septic patients. With the changes not only in the composition but also in the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota taken into account, the characteristics of the mechanisms of interactions in the β€œseptic” microbiome will allow the advances in the optimization of the diagnostics and therapy of sepsis to be made

    Interaction of Host‐Microbial Metabolism in Sepsis

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    The majority of species of the human gut microbiota is not cultivated on artificial nutrient media, but they are included in the functioning of microbial metabolic conveyor. Between the numerous gut bacteria (transmitter) and billions of intracellular mitochondria (receiver), the function of signaling molecules performs aromatic metabolites. Sepsis destroys the coordinated work of the indigenous anaerobic microflora. This leads to the imbalance of aromatic microbial metabolites (AMM). We hypothesized and proved diagnostic and pathogenic significance of this. First, deficiency of the end products of microbial metabolismβ€”lipophilic AMM (PhPA and derivatives‐cinnamic and benzoic acids) in sepsis, and second, excessive accumulation in blood of intermediate products named, β€œsepsis‐associated” AMMβ€”both lead to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Particularly, the total suppressed production of mROS can manifest by β€œhibernate‐like state” of cells and lead to MOF. The participation of aromatic metabolites in the development of septic shock can be explained by the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase and impaired synthesis of catecholamines. In clinical research, the high levels of β€œsepsis‐associated” AMM (p‐HPhAA, p‐HPhLA, and PhLA) correlate with the severity according to APACHE II, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessments (SOFA) score and mortality. To improve the survival of ICU patients, requires more attention to the role of imbalance of microbial metabolites in sepsis

    Organization of independent work of students with the use of distance educational technologies

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    The article deals with the use of information and communication technologies, and in particular of distance educational technologies for organization of independent work of students with the aim of improving its efficiency. Shows the different types of independent work, implemented through an e-learning course organized in a distance learning system LMS Moodle.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ вопросы использования ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ- ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π° Π² частности дистанционных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ для ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ студСнтов с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π΅ эффСктивности. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ элСктронного ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ курса, ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² систСмС дистанционного обучСния LMS Moodle

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ дистанционных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π’Π£Π—Π΅

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    The report examines the problem of the choice of model for the implementation of distance educational technologies (DET) at the University. Opens the terminology of distance education, carries out a comparative analysis of the most promising models for implementing the dot at the University.Π’ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ рассматриваСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ дистанционных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ (Π”ΠžΠ’) Π² Π²ΡƒΠ·Π΅. РаскрываСтся тСрминология дистанционного обучСния, проводится ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ пСрспСктивных ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π”ΠžΠ’ Π² Π²ΡƒΠ·Π΅

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ критичСских состояниях (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ постулаты)

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    This article discusses the importance of eliciting the mechanisms of action and the metabolism of microbiota in the critically ill patients, as well as the role of nutrition specialist in the management of these patients.In critically ill patients the impaired regulation of endogenous metabolic processes and protein-energy deficiency are aggravated by abnormal microbiota metabolic processes. There is growing awareness of the importance of studying microbial metabolism in the general metabolic process. Its implications for the improved efficacy of treatment in critical care and rehabilitation are obvious.Current international intensive care guidelines are being constantly revised in response to the new research data available on the mechanisms of critical illness. The course of the latter may significantly associate with the metabolic activity of human microbiota. Active management of metabolic processes is being sought through the subordination of bacterial metabolism to the interests of the host. Both antimicrobial and bioformulations (prebiotics, metabiotics) will be used in the long term in a targeted manner with the control of key microbial metabolites through available laboratory monitoring tools.Based on the literature data and the original research, the author formulates postulates of the microbiota metabolism in critical illness, introduces the concepts of Β«invisible organ dysfunctionΒ» and Β«signaling bacterial moleculesΒ», offers answers to the eternal Β«what is to be done?Β» question and suggests using a number of microbial aromatic amino acids metabolites as an integral indicator of a course of critical illness.Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ обсуТдаСтся вопрос, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ дСйствия ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ спСциалисты Π² области клиничСского питания ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² этом самоС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ критичСских состояниях дисрСгуляция эндогСнных ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-энСргСтичСский Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚ ΡƒΡΡƒΠ³ΡƒΠ±Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ направлСнности мСтаболичСских процСссов ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. РастСт ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ваТности изучСния ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ мСтаболичСском процСссС. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ развития этого направлСния для ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ эффСктивности лСчСния Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°.Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ со Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ пСрСсмотрСны Π² связи с появлСниСм Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ… критичСских состояний, связанных с мСтаболичСской Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π˜Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ поиск способов Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния мСтаболичСскими процСссами Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ интСрСсам хозяина. И Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ (ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ) Π² пСрспСктивС Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ², с использованиСм доступных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°.На основС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² собствСнных исслСдований Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ постулаты ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ критичСских состояниях, Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ понятия «дисфункции Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°Β» ΠΈ Β«ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ» Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΒ», ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° вопрос Β«Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ?Β» ΠΈ Π² качСствС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ряд ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ароматичСских аминокислот

    Love or politics? Political views regarding the war in Ukraine in an online dating experiment

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    How polarized is Russian society regarding the war in Ukraine? Political views affect various behaviors, including relationship formation. This study conducts a field experiment on a large Russian dating site and gathers data from over 3,000 profile evaluations. The findings reveal significant penalties for those who express pro-war or anti-war positions on their dating profiles. Age emerges as the most polarizing factor: younger individuals are less likely to approach pro-war profiles but not anti-war ones, whereas older individuals are less likely to respond positively to profiles indicating anti-war views but not pro-war ones. The results align with survey evidence of a positive relationship between respondents' age and expressed support for the war in Russia, although the experiment indicates a higher degree of polarization. Overall, the experimental findings demonstrate that survey data can reveal trends and relationships between individuals' characteristics and their opinions, but may overstate the levels of support for government agendas in non-democratic states

    Metabolomic Discovery of Microbiota Dysfunction as the Cause of Pathology

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    In the twenty-first century, metabolomics allowed evaluating the profile of metabolites of various classes of compounds in the human body. The most important achievement of the metabolic approach is to obtain evidence of the intersection of human biochemical pathways and its microbiota. The effect of certain microbial metabolites on the work of key enzymes involved in the biotransformation of amino acids and other substances becomes more important in patients at risk of developing neurological and mental disorders and also contributes to the development of life-threatening conditions up to multiple organ failure after operations, injuries, and serious diseases. The authors of this chapter call the microbiota an β€œinvisible organ,” emphasizing its functional significance, and not just taxonomy, as previously thought. This chapter will discuss the mutually beneficial integration of the metabolome/microbiome in the body of healthy people and will focus on the effects of microbiota dysfunction
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