La congiunzione “e” nei processi di riconciliazione. Riflessioni alla luce della filosofia di Franz Rosenzweig

Reconciliation presents three dimensions in which the conjunction “and” – as Rosenzweig conceives it – constitutes a fundamental category: on one hand, it has a temporal dimension, as it is a process in which the old and the new are combined, and where the “and” expresses the present that unites; on the other hand,  it has a dimension of otherness as a relationship between an “I” and an “other”, a relationship where the “and” is the language. Finally, there is in reconciliation a dimension of reparation (tikkun olam) or return to the alliance with the Good, that is expressed in a peace (shalom) that is the fulfilling of the divine promise: that of the peace between the man “and” the world. God is the “and” that fulfils the aspiration to mundane happiness “and” human fullness. These three dimensions, analysed in the light of Rosenzweig’s thought, introduce new keys to the reconciliation process that today constitute an urgent task

I Congreso internacional de la Red española de Filosofía Los retos de la filosofía en el siglo XXI

Reseña del I Congreso internacional de la Red española de Filosofía Los retos de la filosofía en el siglo XXI, p. 361

A propósito de Butler: una fenomenología del cuerpo vivido, narrado y representado

In this paper we take Judith Butler’s thinking as a basis from which to consider the ideas of three authors. In our view, these authors complement Butler’s project of helping excluded people to fight for a dignified life, a “liveable life”; and specifically to the idea of using performative resignifications of discourses and practices. On one hand, we present the writings of Sarah Ahmed and Lanei Rodemeyer; they consider the spatiality and temporality of the lived body (Ahmed) and the relationship between the lived body and discourse (Rodemeyer). In both cases, “pure phenomenology” (and not hermeneutics) is applied to the question of sexual diversity. On the other hand, we delve into the works of Louise Bourgeois, for whom artistic creation is a way of exorcising pain and becoming free of socially constructed prisons. Starting from the paths opened by these authors, we believe that a phenomenology is possible in which there is place for what does not fit into the norm. this phenomenology would make it possible, on one side, to rend visibility to those who do not fit into the established norms and categories and, on another side, to contribute to a reformulation of discourse, such a transformation that allows the excluded to inhabit them. “Pure” phenomenology, that aims at going to “the things themselves” do not naturalise oppressions, but it is rather an ally to recognise, denounce and provide a reparation for them.En este artículo partimos del pensamiento de Butler para adentrarnos en las propuestas de tres autoras que consideramos que complementan su proyecto de ayudar a las personas excluidas en su lucha por una vida más digna, una vida “vivible”, así como la estrategia de lograrlo mediante resignificaciones performativas de discursos y prácticas. Por un lado, presentamos los trabajos de Sarah Ahmed y Lanei Rodemeyer, para atender a la espacialidad y temporalidad del cuerpo vivido (Ahmed), y a la relación entre el cuerpo y el discurso (Rodemeyer). En ambos casos se aplica la fenomenología pura, no hermenéutica, a la cuestión de la diversidad sexual. Por otro lado, nos adentramos en las obras de Luise Bourgeois, para quien la creación artística es un modo de exorcizar el dolor y de liberarse de las cárceles socialmente construidas. Partiendo de la línea que recorren y abren estas autoras, creemos que se puede elaborar una fenomenología en la que quepa lo que se suele quedar en los márgenes. Esta fenomenología permitiría, por un lado, visibilizar a quienes no encajan en los conceptos y categorías establecidas, y por otro, contribuir a una reformulación de los discursos que les permita habitar en ellos. La fenomenología de las cosas mismas no naturaliza las opresiones, como podría sospecharse, creemos que más bien es una aliada para reconocerlas, denunciarlas y repararlas

Vida precaria y sexualidad. Elementos para una ética sexual

In this paper we explore the possibilities of a sexual ethics that responds to our times of precariousness. We sustain that the task of a reconsidered sexual ethics can contribute to a more livable life for persons rendered fragile beyond our constitutive embodied fragility. Thus, we connect Judith Butler with 20th century dialogical philosophies as well as with some analysis on sexuality and ethics in authors like Thomas Nagel and Margaret Farley. In all this a key category will be that of justice.En este trabajo exploramos las posibilidades de una ética sexual que responda a tiempos de precariedad. Defendemos que la tarea de una ética sexual repensada puede contribuir a una vida más vivible para personas fragilizadas más allá de nuestra vulnerabilidad constitutiva por tener cuerpo. Ponemos en interlocución a Judith Butler con la filosofía dialógica del siglo XX y los análisis sobre sexualidad y ética de Thomas Nagel y Margaret Farley. En todo ello, una categoría clave será la justicia

Premature Birth Infants Present Elevated Inflammatory Markers in the Meconium

Introduction: Prematurity, a well-established risk factor for various intestinal diseases in newborns, results in increased morbidity and mortality. However, the intestinal inflammatory status of preterm (PT) infants has been poorly characterized. Here we have broadly described the intestinal and systemic inflammatory status of PT children. Materials and Methods: Meconium and plasma from 39 PT and 32 full term (T) newborns were studied. Fecal calprotectin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN-E), TNF, IL-17A, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, IL-1β, IL-1α, and E-selectin and the enzymatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in meconium were measured. Plasma levels of AP, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), proinflammatory cytokines, leptin, adiponectin, PAI-1, and resistin were also determined. Correlations with gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) were studied. Results: Neutrophil derived PMN-E, MPO and calprotectin were increased in the meconium of PT compared to T newborns, while AP was decreased. No significant differences were found in other inflammatory parameters. Considering data from all children, GA and BW showed inverse correlation with neutrophil markers, while AP directly correlated with BW. Plasma levels of IL-1β and NGF were enhanced in PT infants, and were also negatively correlated with BW. PT children additionally showed neutropenia and decreased adiponectin, leptin, haematocrit, and haemoglobin. These parameters (neutrophils, adiponectin, and so forth) were positively correlated with GA and BW, while IL-8, MCP-1, PAI-1, and plasma AP were negatively correlated. PT children showing postnatal morbidity exhibited increased meconium MPO and MIP-1α. Conclusion: PT neonates present a significant elevation of intestinal inflammatory parameters, characterized by the presence of neutrophil markers, associated with mild systemic inflammation.Ministry of Economy and CompetitivityEuropean Commission SAF2017-88457-R AGL2017-85270-R BFU2014-57736-P AGL2014-58883-RJunta de Andalucia CTS235 CTS164University of Granada (Contrato Puente Program-Plan Propio)Ministry of Education [Spain]Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commissio

Clinical outcomes after CPX-351 in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia: A comparison with a matched cohort from the Spanish PETHEMA registry

Acute myeloid leukemia; Clinical observations; Intensive chemotherapyLeucemia mieloide aguda; Observaciones clínicas; Quimioterapia intensivaLeucèmia mieloide aguda; Observacions clíniques; Quimioteràpia intensivaBackground CPX-351 is approved for the treatment of therapy related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) and AML with myelodysplastic related changes (MRC-AML). The benefits of this treatment over standard chemotherapy has not been addressed in well matched cohorts of real-life patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of AML patients treated with CPX-351 as per routine practice. A propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare their main outcomes with those observed in a matched cohort among 765 historical patients receiving intensive chemotherapy (IC), all of them reported to the PETHEMA epidemiologic registry. Results Median age of 79 patients treated with CPX-351 was 67 years old (interquartile range 62–71), 53 were MRC-AML. The complete remission (CR) rate or CR without recovery (CRi) after 1 or 2 cycles of CPX-351 was 52%, 60-days mortality 18%, measurable residual disease <0.1% in 54% (12 out of 22) of them. Stem cell transplant (SCT) was performed in 27 patients (34%), median OS was 10.3 months, and 3-year relapse incidence was 50%. Using PSM, we obtained two comparable cohorts treated with CPX-351 (n = 52) or IC (n = 99), without significant differences in CR/CRi (60% vs. 54%) and median OS (10.3 months vs. 9.1 months), although more patients were bridged to SCT in the CPX-351 group (35% vs. 12%). The results were confirmed when only 3 + 7 patients were included in the historical cohort. In multivariable analyses, SCT was associated with better OS (HR 0.33 95% CI: 0.18–0.59), p < 0.001. Conclusion Larger post-authorization studies may provide evidence of the clinical benefits of CPX-351 for AML in the real-life setting.This study was funded in part by a research grant from the Jazz Pharmaceuticals

Leptin-resistant Zucker rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis present a reduced inflammatory response but enhanced epithelial damage

The study was funded the following grants of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER (SAF2011-22922, SAF2011-22812, BFU2014- 57736-P, and AGL2014-58883-R) and Junta de Andalucía (CTS164, CTS235, and CTS6736). B. Rivero-Guti errez, R. Gámez-Belmonte, and M. Arredondo-Amador were supported by fellowships from the Ministerio de Educación.The role of leptin in the development of intestinal inflammation remains controversial, since proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects have been described. This study describes the effect of the absence of leptin signaling in intestinal inflammation. Experimental colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to lean and obese Zucker rats (n = 10). Effects on inflammation and mucosal barrier were studied. Bacterial translocation and LPS concentration were evaluated together with colonic permeability to 4-kDa FITC-dextran. Obese Zucker rats showed a lower intestinal myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity, reduced alkaline phosphatase sensitivity to levamisole, and diminished colonic expression of Nos2, Tnf, and Il6, indicating attenuated intestinal inflammation, associated with attenuated STAT3, AKT, and ERK signaling in the colonic tissue. S100a8 and Cxcl1 mRNA levels were maintained, suggesting that in the absence of leptin signaling neutrophil activation rather than infiltration is hampered. Despite the lower inflammatory response, leptin resistance enhanced intestinal permeability, reflecting an increased epithelial damage. This was shown by augmented LPS presence in the portal vein of colitic obese Zucker rats, associated with induction of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, LPS-binding protein, and CD14 hepatic expression (involved in LPS handling). This was linked to decreased ZO-1 immunoreactivity in tight junctions and lower occludin expression. Our results indicate that obese Zucker rats present an attenuated inflammatory response to TNBS, but increased intestinal epithelial damage allowing the passage of bacterial antigens.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER (SAF2011-22922, SAF2011-22812, BFU2014- 57736-P, and AGL2014-58883-R)Junta de Andalucía (CTS164, CTS235, and CTS6736)Ministerio de Educació

Green Alga Ulva spp. Hydrolysates and Their Peptide Fractions Regulate Cytokine Production in Splenic Macrophages and Lymphocytes Involving the TLR4-NFkB/MAPK Pathways

Hydrolysates of food protein sources have immunomodulatory effects, which are of interest for use as functional foods. In this study, we have characterized the immune regulatory effect on rat splenocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes of Ulva spp. hydrolysates and their peptide fractions with or without in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and/or ultrafiltration. IL-10 was induced in almost all conditions and cell types obtained from wild type animals. The induction was in general increased by ultrafiltration and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. TNF was also induced in basal conditions. In turn, TNF and IFN- production was attenuated by the hydrolysate products in lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A immune stimulated cells. Inhibitors for the activation of NF B, MAPK p38 and JNK inhibited IL-10 induction in rat splenocytes. The response was dramatically attenuated in TLR4-/- cells, and only modestly in TLR2-/- cells. Food peptides from Ulva spp. genus exert anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells mediated by TLR4 and NF B. Similarity with the immunomodulatory profile of protein hydrolysates from other sources suggests a common mechanism.This work was supported by funds from the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, partly with Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER funds [SAF2017-88457-R, AGL2017-85270-R, BFU2014-57736-P, AGL2014-58883-R] and by Junta de Andalucía [CTS235, CTS164]. C.H.-C. and R.G.-B. were supported by the University of Granada (Contrato Puente Program—Plan Propio) and the Ministry of Education [Spain], respectively. CIBERehd is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Deficiency in Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase Leads to Steatohepatitis in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet Similar to That Produced by a Methionine and Choline Deficient Diet

Funding: This research was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity of Spain, partly with Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER funds [BFU2014-57736-P, AGL2014-58883-R, SAF2017-88457-R, AGL2017-85270-R] and by Junta de Andalucía [CTS235, CTS164]. MTG, RGB and CHC were supported by fellowships from the Ministry of Education. CIBERehd is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of the University of Granada (registry number: CEEA 01/03/2017–029). Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable for studies not involving humans. Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mercedes González and the rest of the group.The liver expresses tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which may participate in the defense against bacterial components, in cell regulation as part of the purinome or in bile secretion, among other roles. We aimed to study the role of TNAP in the development of hepatosteatosis. TNAP+/− haplodeficient and wild type (WT) mice were fed a control diet (containing 10% fat w/w) or the same diet deficient in methionine and choline (MCD diet). The MCD diet induced substantial weight loss together with hepatic steatosis and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma levels, but no differences in IL-6, TNF, insulin or resistin. There were no substantial differences between TNAP+/− and WT mice fed the MCD diet. In turn, TNAP+/− mice receiving the control diet presented hepatic steatosis with alterations in metabolic parameters very similar to those induced by the MCD diet. Nevertheless, no weight loss, increased ALT plasma levels or hypoglycemia were observed. These mice also presented increased levels of liver TNF and systemic resistin and glucagon compared to WT mice. The phenotype of TNAP+/− mice fed a standard diet was normal. In conclusion, TNAP haplodeficiency induces steatosis comparable to that produced by a MCD diet when fed a control diet.Ministry of Economy and Competitivity of SpainEuropean Commission BFU2014-57736-P AGL2014-58883-R SAF2017-88457-R AGL2017-85270-RJunta de Andalucia CTS235 CTS164Ministry of EducationInstituto de Salud Carlos III European Commissio