Domain analysis of lipoprotein LppQ in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC

The lipoprotein LppQ is the most prominent antigen of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (SC) during infection of cattle. This pathogen causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a devastating disease of considerable socio-economic importance in many countries worldwide. The dominant antigenicity and high specificity for M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC of lipoprotein LppQ have been exploited for serological diagnosis and for epidemiological investigations of CBPP. Scanning electron microscopy and immunogold labelling were used to provide ultrastructural evidence that LppQ is located to the cell membrane at the outer surface of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC. The selectivity and specificity of this method were demonstrated through discriminating localization of extracellular (i.e., in the zone of contact with host cells) vs. integral membrane domains of LppQ. Thus, our findings support the suggestion that the accessible N-terminal domain of LppQ is surface exposed and such surface localization may be implicated in the pathogenesis of CBPP

Temporal Dynamics of Interferon Gamma Responses in Children Evaluated for Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Development of T-cells based-Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) assays has offered new possibilities for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active disease in adults. Few studies have been performed in children, none in France. With reference to the published data on childhood TB epidemiology in the Paris and Ile de France Region, we considered it important to evaluate the performance of IGRA (QuantiFERON TB Gold In Tube(R), QF-TB-IT) in the diagnosis and the follow-up through treatment of LTBI and active TB in a cohort of French children. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 131 children were recruited during a prospective and multicentre study (October 2005 and May 2007; Ethical Committee St Louis Hospital, Paris, study number 2005/32). Children were sampled at day 0, 10, 30, 60 (except Healthy Contacts, HC) and 90 for LTBI and HC, and a further day 120, and day 180 for active TB children. Median age was 7.4 years, with 91% of the children BCG vaccinated. LTBI and active TB children undergoing therapy produced significant higher IFNgamma values after 10 days of treatment (p = 0.035). In addition, IFNgamma values were significantly lower at the end of treatment compared to IFNgamma values at day 0, although the number of positive patients was not significantly different between day 0 and end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE: By following quantitative IFNgamma values in each enrolled child with LTBI or active TB and receiving treatment, we were able to detect an increase in the IFNgamma response at day 10 of treatment which might allow the confirmation of a diagnosis. In addition, a decline in IFNgamma values during treatment makes it possible for clinicians to monitor the effect of preventive or curative therapy

Fémurs courts (intérêt du scanner foetal osseux dans la prise en charge anténatale)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

BCG et médecin généraliste (comment appréhender une éventuelle modification de la politique vaccinale antituberculeuse en France?)

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Eléments d'orientation dans le dépistage de la tuberculose infantile à partir d'une enquête rétrospective menée de 1997 à 2004 dans le service de pédiatrie de l'hôpital de Gonesse (Val d'Oise)

La tuberculose reste une maladie d actualité en France notamment en Ile-de-France. Avec un taux d incidence de tuberculose de 22,1 pour 100 000 habitants en 2004, le Val d Oise est le troisième département le plus touché de la région parisienne après Paris et la Seine-Saint-Denis. Au vu de l arrêt récent de l obligation vaccinale par le BCG et la récente suppression des contrôles vaccinaux systématiques, il est important de cerner la population à risque nécessitant un dépistage plus intense. La tuberculose infantile a pour particularité de refléter le taux de transmission de la maladie dans une population. Nous analyserons les données épidémiologiques et socio-économiques obtenues à partir de l étude rétrospective des cas de tuberculose chez l enfant pris en charge dans le service de pédiatrie à l hôpital de Gonesse, Val d Oise, de 1997 à 2004. Notre étude comprend 168 dossiers soit 108 cas de tuberculose infection et 60 cas de tuberculose maladie. Le but de notre travail est d identifier les facteurs de risque en particulier socio-économiques, et d aider à mieux définir les populations à risque afin d orienter les mesures de lutte anti-tuberculose et limiter la transmission du Bacille de Koch.Tuberculosis remains a disease of concern in France, in particular in Ile-de-France. With an incidence rate of 22,1 per 100.000 inhabitants in 2004, Val d Oise is the third more affected department in Paris area, after Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis. Consequently to the fact that vaccination with BCG is no more mandatory and the recent suppression of systematic vaccine controls, it is important to identify the population at risk which requires a more intense screening. Infantile tuberculosis has as a characteristic to reflect the transmission rate of the disease in a given population. We will analyze the epidemiologic and socio-economic data obtained from the retrospective study of child tuberculosis cases treated by the pediatric department of Gonesse s hospital, Val d Oise, date range from 1997 to 2004. Our study includes 168 files, concerning 108 cases of tuberculosis infection and 60 cases of tuberculosis disease. Our goal is to identify socio-economic risk factors to help in better defining the populations at risk in order to direct anti-tuberculosis measures and limit Koch s Bacillus transmission.PARIS13-BU Serge Lebovici (930082101) / SudocSudocFranceF

BCG et médecin généraliste (comment appréhender une éventuelle modification de la politique vaccinale antituberculeuse en France?)

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Investigating the role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the re-emergence of enzootic pneumonia in domestic pig herds: a pathological, prevalence and risk-factor study

Enzootic pneumonia (EP) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a significant economic impact on domestic pig production. A control program carried out from 1999 to 2003 successfully reduced disease occurrence in domestic pigs in Switzerland, but recurrent outbreaks suggested a potential role of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a source of re-infection. Since little is known on the epidemiology of EP in wild boar populations, our aims were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae infections in wild boar in Switzerland; (2) to identify risk factors for infection in wild boar; and (3) to assess whether infection in wild boar is associated with the same gross and microscopic lesions typical of EP in domestic pigs. Nasal swabs, bronchial swabs and lung samples were collected from 978 wild boar from five study areas in Switzerland between October 2011 and May 2013. Swabs were analyzed by qualitative real time PCR and a histopathological study was conducted on lung tissues. Risk factor analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Overall prevalence in nasal swabs was 26.2% (95% CI 23.3-29.3%) but significant geographical differences were observed. Wild boar density, occurrence of EP outbreaks in domestic pigs and young age were identified as risk factors for infection. There was a significant association between infection and lesions consistent with EP in domestic pigs. We have concluded that M. hyopneumoniae is widespread in the Swiss wild boar population, that the same risk factors for infection of domestic pigs also act as risk factors for infection of wild boar, and that infected wild boar develop lesions similar to those found in domestic pigs. However, based on our data and the outbreak pattern in domestic pigs, we propose that spillover from domestic pigs to wild boar is more likely than transmission from wild boar to pigs