X-ray emission from the PSR B1259--63 system near apastron

The PSR B1259--63 system contains a 47 ms radio pulsar in a highly eccentric binary with a Be-star companion. Strongly time variable X-ray emission was reported from this system as the pulsar was near apastron in 1992-early 1993. The variability was primarily deduced from an apparent non-detection of the \psr system during a first pre-apastron \ros observation in February~1992. We have re-analyzed the \ros observations of the \psr system. Contrary to the results of a previous analysis, we find that the \psr system was detected by \ros during the first off-axis February~1992 observation. The intensity of the soft X-ray emission of the \psr system before and after the 1992 apastron appears to vary at most by a factor $\sim 2$. Our results sensibly constrain theoretical models of X-ray emission from the \psr system.Comment: LATEX, Accepted for publ. in ApJ

On the kHz QPO frequency correlations in bright neutron star X-ray binaries

We re-examine the correlation between the frequencies of upper and lower kHz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) in bright neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries. By including the kHz QPO frequencies of the X-ray binary Cir X-1 and two accreting millisecond pulsars in our sample, we show that the full sample does not support the class of theoretical models based on a single resonance, while models based on relativistic precession or Alfven waves describe the data better. Moreover, we show that the fact that all sources follow roughly the same correlation over a finite frequency range creates a correlation between the linear parameters of the fits to any sub-sample.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 7 pages, 4 figure

Fast variability as a tracer of accretion regimes in black hole transients

We present the rms-intensity diagram for black hole transients. Using observations taken with the Rossi X-ray timing explorer we study the relation between the root mean square (rms) amplitude of the variability and the net count-rate during the 2002, 2004 and 2007 outbursts of the black hole X-ray binary GX 339-4. We find that the rms-flux relation previously observed during the hard state in X-ray binaries does not hold for the other states, when different relations apply. These relations can be used as a good tracer of the different accretion regimes. We identify the hard, soft and intermediate states in the rms-intensity diagram. Transitions between the different states are seen to produce marked changes in the rms-flux relation. We find that one single component is required to explain the ~ 40 per cent variability observed at low count rates, whereas no or very low variability is associated to the accretion-disc thermal component.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 6 pages, 4 figure

A Unified Description of the Timing Features of Accreting X-ray Binaries

We study an empirical model for a unified description of the power spectra of accreting neutron stars and black holes. This description is based on a superposition of multiple Lorentzians and offers the advantage that all QPO and noise components are dealt with in the same way, without the need of deciding in advance the nature of each component. This approach also allows us to compare frequencies of features with high and low coherences in a consistent manner and greatly facilitates comparison of power spectra across a wide range of source types and states. We apply the model to six sources, the low-luminosity X-ray bursters 1E 1724-3045, SLX 1735-269 and GS 1826-24, the high-latitude transient XTE J1118+480, the bright system Cir X-1, and the Z source GX 17+2. We find that it provides a good description of the observed spectra, without the need for a scale-free (1/f) component. We update previously reported correlations between characteristic frequencies of timing features in the light of this new approach and discuss similarities between different types of systems which may point towards similar underlying physics.Comment: 13 pages, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa

Quasi-Periodic Oscillations and energy spectra from the two brightest Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources in M82

Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources are thought to be accreting black holes that might host Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBH), proposed to exist by theoretical studies, even though a firm detection (as a class) is still missing. The brightest ULX in M82 (M82 X-1) is probably one of the best candidates to host an IMBH. In this work we analyzed the data of the recent release of observations obtained from M82 X-1 taken by XMM-Newton. We performed a study of the timing and spectral properties of the source. We report on the detection of (46+-2) mHz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs) in the power density spectra of two observations. A comparison of the frequency of these high-frequency QPOs with previous detections supports the 1:2:3 frequency distribution as suggested in other studies. We discuss the implications if the (46+-2) mHz QPO detected in M82 X-1 is the fundamental harmonic, in analogy with the High-Frequency QPOs observed in black hole binaries. For one of the observations we have detected for the first time a QPO at 8 mHz (albeit at a low significance), that coincides with a hardening of the spectrum. We suggest that the QPO is a milli-hertz QPO originating from the close-by transient ULX M82 X-2, with analogies to the Low-Frequency QPOs observed in black hole binaries.Comment: 9 pages (with 4 figures and 4 tables). Accepted for publication in MNRAS (26/09/13

Discovery of a Peculiar Dip from GX 301-2

We present temporal and spectral properties of a unique X-ray dip in GX 301-2 as seen with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer in May 2010. The X-ray pulsation from the source gradually declined prior to the dip, disappears for one spin cycle during the dip and is abruptly restored in the spin cycle immediately after the dip. Moreover, the phase-integrated spectrum of the source becomes softer before and during the dip and it quickly hardens again following the dip. Our findings indicate the fact that the mechanism for pulsations gradually turned off briefly and underlying dim and softer emission likely from the accretion column became observable in the brief absence of high level emission due to wind accretion.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter

On the harmonics of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in GRS 1915+105

GRS 1915+105 is a widely studied black hole binary, well known because of its extremely fast and complex variability. Flaring periods of high variability alternate with "stable" phases (the plateaux) when the flux is low, the spectra are hard and the timing properties of the source are similar to those of a number of black hole candidates in hard spectral state. In the plateaux the power density spectra are dominated by a low frequency quasi periodic oscillation (LFQPO) superposed onto a band limited noise continuum and accompanied by at least one harmonic. In this paper we focus on three plateaux, presenting the analysis of the power density spectra and in particular of the LFQPO and its harmonics. While plotting the LFQPO and all the harmonics together on a frequency-width plane, we found the presence of a positive trend of broadening when the frequency increases. This trend can shed light in the nature of the harmonic content of the LFQPO and challenges the usual interpretation of these timing features.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

High-Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations from GRS 1915+105

We report the results of a systematic timing analysis of all archival Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the bright black-hole binary GRS 1915+105 in order to detect high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPO). We produced power-density spectra in two energy bands and limited the analysis to the frequency range 30-1000 Hz. We found 51 peaks with a single trial significance larger than 3 sigma. As all but three have centroid frequencies that are distributed between 63 and 71 Hz, we consider most of them significant regardless of the number of trials involved. The average centroid frequency and FWHM are 67.3 +/- 2.0 Hz and 4.4 +/- 2.4 Hz respectively. Their fractional rms varies between 0.4% and 2% (total band detections) and between 0.5% and 3% (hard ban detections). As GRS 1915+105 shows large variability on time scales longer than 1s, we analysed the data in 16s intervals and found that the detections are limited to a specific region in the colour-colour diagram, corresponding to state B of the source, when the energy spectrum is dominated by a bright accretion disk component. However, the rms spectrum of the HFQPO is very hard and does not show a flattening up to 40 keV, where the fractional rms reaches 11%. We discuss our findings in terms of current proposed models and compare them with the results on other black-hole binaries and neutron-star binaries.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA