The Effect of Silence on the Human Communication System

Every communication encounter primarily starts because initiators aim to inform and influence others. Silence is a form of nonverbal communication that can be deployed by those communicating. Since nonverbal communication complements the verbal form of communication, it is expected that it is effectively used to enhance the sender-receiver’s communication gains. This paper investigated if leaders’ silence affects public perception, interpretation, and the meaning assignment to a communicated message, using the former Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari, and the Nigerian public as cases. It adopted a qualitative approach-an in-depth interview method, using an interview guide as the instrument for data collection. The data analyzed showed that adopting silence as a form of communication, especially during a crisis, harms the human communication experience. Buhari’s silence toward Fulani herders’ attacks affected how the masses perceived, interpreted, and assigned meaning to his action. It allowed conspiracy theories to thrive as public opinion showed that his silence encouraged the herders’ nefarious actions

Silence as Leadership Communication: Public Perception, Interpretation, and Negotiated Meaning

Every communication encounter primarily starts because initiators aim to inform and influence others. Silence is a form of nonverbal communication that can be deployed by those communicating. Since nonverbal communication complements the verbal form of communication, it is expected that it is effectively used to enhance the sender-receiver’s communication gains. This paper investigated leaders’ communication style and if leaders’ silence affected public perception, interpretation, and the meaning assigned to a communicated message, using the former Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari, and the Nigerian public as cases. It adopted a qualitative approach—an in-depth interview method, using an interview guide as the instrument for data collection. The data analyzed showed that adopting silence as a form of communication, especially during a crisis, would harm the human communication experience. Buhari’s silence toward Fulani herders’ attacks affected how the masses perceived, interpreted, and assigned meaning to his action. It allowed conspiracy theories to thrive as public opinion showed that his silence encouraged the herders’ nefarious actions

The Effect of Silence on the Human Communication System

Every communication encounter primarily starts because initiators aim to inform and influence others. Silence is a form of nonverbal communication that can be deployed by those communicating. Since nonverbal communication complements the verbal form of communication, it is expected that it is effectively used to enhance the sender-receiver’s communication gains. This paper investigated if leaders’ silence affects public perception, interpretation, and the meaning assignment to a communicated message, using the former Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari, and the Nigerian public as cases. It adopted a qualitative approach-an in-depth interview method, using an interview guide as the instrument for data collection. The data analyzed showed that adopting silence as a form of communication, especially during a crisis, harms the human communication experience. Buhari’s silence toward Fulani herders’ attacks affected how the masses perceived, interpreted, and assigned meaning to his action. It allowed conspiracy theories to thrive as public opinion showed that his silence encouraged the herders’ nefarious actions

Determination of best fitted regression model for estimation of body weight in Nigerian indigenous chickens

Farmers rearing indigenous chickens in the villages or peri-urban settlements often have problems of accurately estimating body weight of their chicken. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the best-fitted regression model for estimating body weight of Nigerian indigenous chickens using different linear body measurement. Data on body weight and body measurements recorded on 137 Nigeria indigenous chickens consisting of 57cocks and 80 hens were used for the study. Parameters measured were Body weight (BW), Body length (BL), Wing length (WL), Wing span (WS), Drum stick (DS) Shank length (SL), Body length (BL), Breast girth (BG) and Keel length (KL). Body weight was regressed on body measurements by forward, backward, stepwise and full model regression analysis, to determine the combination of body dimension for each sex that explains variation in the dependent variable for male and female chickens at 20th week of age. The outcome of the study showed that BW= -2223.73 +33.67SL +11.62DS +17.83BG +56.87BL +79.13KL and BW= -1608.61 +13.21WL +20.51BG +69.57BL are the best fitted regression model for predicting body weights of Nigerian indigenous cock and hen, respectively at 20 weeks of age

An Investigation on the Rate of Crime in Sokoto State Using Principal Component Analysis

Principal component analysis is a data analysis tools that is used to reduce the dimensionality of a large number of interrelated variables, while retaining as much of the information as possible. In this paper, PCA technique has been applied to know the number of principal components to be retained on the seven variables obtained from Criminal Investigation Department Sokoto State Police Headquarters Sokoto. Data analysis was carried out using NCSS and GESS 2007 Software. From the results, three Principal components have been retained using the Scree plot and Loading plot indicating that correlation exist between crimes against persons and crime against properties

Analysis of crime data using principal component analysis: A case study of Katsina State

This paper analyses Katsina State crime data which consists of the averages of eight major crimes reported to the police for the period 2006 - 2008. The crimes consist of robbery, auto theft, house and store breakings, theft/stealing, grievous hurt and wounding, murder, rape, and assault. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to explain the correlation between the crimes and to determine the distribution of the crimes over the local government areas of the state. The result has shown a significant correlation between robbery, theft and vehicle theft. While MSW local government area has the lowest crime rate, KTN local government area has the overall crime rate in the state. Robbery is more prevalent in DMS local government area, rape in JBA local government area, and grievous hurt and wounding in DDM local government area. The PCA has suggested retaining four components that explain about 78.94 percent of the total variability of the data set

Strong and Δ

Let K be a nonempty closed and convex subset of a complete CAT(0) space. Let Ti:K→CBK,i=1,2,…,m, be a family of multivalued demicontractive mappings such that F:=⋂i=1mF(Ti)≠∅. A Krasnoselskii-type iterative sequence is shown to Δ-converge to a common fixed point of the family Ti,i=1,2,…,m. Strong convergence theorems are also proved under some additional conditions. Our theorems complement and extend several recent important results on approximation of fixed points of certain nonlinear mappings in CAT(0) spaces. Furthermore, our method of the proof is of special interest

EFFECTS OF NaOH MODIFICATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BAOBAB POD FIBER REINFORCED LDPE COMPOSITES

In order to improve properties of natural fibers as reinforcement, different treatment methods have being adopted by researchers. However, the use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for the treatment of baobab pod fiber as reinforcement in low density polyethylene is sparsely reported. Therefore, this study, investigated the effect of 2 wt%, 4 wt% 6 wt%, 8 wt% and 10 wt%  concentration of NaOH on baobab pod fibers as reinforcement for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Two roll mill machine and hydraulic press at a pressure of 10 kN and temperature of 120oC aided the production of the composite. FT-IR was used to analyze the functional groups of the treated and un-treated fibers. The result showed the disappearance of the peak 1550 cm-1 corresponding to lignin after modification. Further, the composites were characterized for the following tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), elongation at break, impact strength and water absorption. Preliminary studies on the effect of loading of the unmodified baobab fiber in the LDPE matrix showed desirable properties at 10 wt%, where fiber content was in the range of 5 wt% to 30 wt% at interval of 5 wt%. The composite produced from the 8 wt% NaOH modified fiber had the highest tensile strength, MOE, elongation at break. At this modification level, the tensile strength, MOE and elongation at break were about 75.48%, 92.18% and 28% respectively higher than the composite produced from unmodified fiber. Composite produced with 10 wt% NaOH modified fiber exhibited least water absorption of 1.80%, which was 50% lower than unmodified. These showed that the modification of the fiber improved the composite properties. These properties compared favorably with some reported properties for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.1

Impact of export incentive schemes on the performance of agricultural exports in Nigeria

Abstract. This paper examines the impact of export incentive schemes on the Performance of agricultural exports in Nigeria, using quarterly time series data from 1990-2014. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to cointegration analysis and Granger causality test to examine the long run and causality relationship between growth in the Performance of agricultural exports and export incentive schemes in Nigeria. The bounds tests used in the study revealed that there is no long run equilibrium relationship between export incentive schemes and the performance of agricultural exports in Nigeria. It is of high importance to note that the granger casualty test indicates that there was a unidirectional relationship running from agricultural export (AGR) to export expansion grant (EEG), export development fund (EDF) to agricultural export (AGR). Since the findings of the study show that export development fund has positive and significant impact on the performance of agricultural exports in Nigeria, the study suggests that major concern should be given to its management and disbursement to ensure stable growth in the sub-component (agriculture) of non-oil export in Nigeria. This can be achieved through adequate funding by the concerned authority.Keywords. Export incentives, Non-oil exports, Causality, ARDL, Nigeria. JEL. J43, Q00, Q10

Inhibition of paracetamol-induced oxidative stress in rats by extracts of lemongrass (Cymbropogon citratus) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) in rats

The water extract of green tea and lemongrass were investigated for their antioxidant effects in Wistar albino rats. Control and Test groups of rats were administered with paracetamol (2 g/kg) on the 10th dayof the experiment while the test groups were pre-treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of green tea and lemongrass for 10 days. The effect of the extracts on serum levels of malondialdehyde, catalase activityand vitamin C were measured in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Further, the effects of the extract on cholesterol and phospholipids were estimated. Cholesterol/phospholipids ratio was computed. The extracts of green tea and lemongrass produced significant (