The role of regional policy in South Africa

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented September, 1984This paper focuses principally on the question of the fundamental political and economic functions of regional policy in the South African system. A number of interesting and useful contributions on this subject have appeared recently1 but the discussion remains in an unsettled state and further efforts to clarify the issues seem to be needed. One requirement for dealing satisfactorily with the question of the role of regional policy is the determination of actual past trends in the regional distribution of the manufacturing employment and the causes of these trends. There is in fact a remarkable paucity of solid data on actual past trends in the geographical distribution of industrial employment, and a consequent tendency for some recent discussion of the role of the state In this sphere to suffer from reliance on out of date p and l nadequate information. One aim of the paper, therefore, is to c l a r i fy the question of actual trends 1n the inter-regional distribution of manufacturing employment and the causes of these trends

A geophysical survey of the isle op man

A gravity survey of the Isle of Man was made during September and October, 1958. A Bouguer anomaly map was prepared which showed that the Bouguer anomaly over the whole of the Island has an average value of approximately 45 mgals. superimposed on this 'background' anomaly are six anomalies. Three of these lie along the main axis of the Island and are interpreted as being due to granites which are possibly joined at depth. The small basin of Lower Carboniferous sandstone at peel causes a small anomaly. At Jurby, the anomaly is probably due to basement uplift, or may be the 'background' anomaly for the whole of the Island. The Point of Ayre anomaly is caused by a trough of rocks of New Red Sandstone age, which deepens northwards. A fault with a throw of approximately 1500 feet and down throwing to the north, cuts these New Red Sandstone rocks

Building Civic Infrastructure: Implementing Community Partnership Grant Programmes in South Africa

This article examines recent efforts to establish Community Partnership Grant Programmes (CPG) in six South African communities. CPG programmes provide the financial and organizational infrastructure to support citizen-initiated neighbourhood projects

The prospects for industrialisation in the new South Africa : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University

Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes UniversityRhodes University Libraries (Digitisation

The Study of Hepatitis B Virus Using Bioinformatics

Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver. A major cause of hepatitis is the hepatotropic virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV). Annually, more than 786,000 people die as a result of the clinical manifestations of HBV infection, which include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sequence heterogeneity is a feature of HBV, because the viral-encoded polymerase lacks proof-reading ability. HBV has been classified into nine genotypes, A to I, with a putative 10th genotype, “J,” isolated from a single individual. Comparative analysis of HBV strains from various geographic regions of the world and from different eras can shed light on the origin, evolution, transmission and response to anti-HBV preventative, and treatment measures. Bioinformatics tools and databases have been used to better understand HBV mutations and how they develop, especially in response to antiviral therapy and vaccination. Despite its small genome size of ~3.2 kb, HBV presents several bioinformatic challenges, which include the circular genome, the overlapping open reading frames, and the different genome lengths of the genotypes. Thus, bioinformatics tools and databases have been developed to facilitate the study of HBV

Vulnerability to Freshwater Changes in the Inuit Settlement Region of Nunatsiavut, Labrador: A Case Study from Rigolet

Drawing on vulnerability approaches from the climate change literature, this paper explores the vulnerability of residents of the community of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, to changes in freshwater. Our approach emphasizes local preferences and values. We analyze the results from 89 household interviews (88% response) and targeted interviews in Rigolet to consider the human experience of climate variability and change. Residents report that changes in the spatial and temporal distribution of freshwater are currently challenging their ability to access preferred drinking water and food sources and are adding to the financial barriers that restrict their time spent on the land. The results of our study suggest that Rigolet residents are successfully adapting to existing freshwater changes in their watershed, though these adaptations have not come without sacrifice. The adaptive capacity of Rigolet residents has been supported by resource flexibility and experience-based knowledge of freshwater variability within their watershed, among other factors. Findings suggest that the exposure of sub-Arctic and Arctic communities to freshwater changes and their capacity to adapt are largely shaped by the lifeways of residents and the manner and degree to which they are dependent on local freshwater systems.Cet article explore la vulnérabilité des résidents de Rigolet, au Nunatsiavut, Labrador, vis-à-vis des changements caractérisant l’eau douce en s’appuyant sur les approches de vulnérabilité puisées dans la documentation sur le changement climatique. Notre démarche met l’accent sur les préférences et les valeurs locales. Nous analysons les résultats de 89 entrevues réalisées auprès de divers ménages (taux de réponse de 88 %) et d’entrevues ciblées effectuées à Rigolet afin de considérer la réaction de l’être humain vis-à-vis de la variabilité et du changement climatique. Les résidents signalent que les changements enregistrés sur le plan de la répartition spatiale et temporelle de l’eau douce leur posent des difficultés pour ce qui est de l’accès à leurs sources préférées d’eau potable et de nourriture, ce qui a également pour effet d’amplifier les obstacles financiers, car ils restreignent le temps qu’ils passent sur la terre. Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent que les résidents de Rigolet réussissent à s’adapter aux changements caractérisant l’eau douce au sein de leur bassin hydrographique, mais que ces adaptations ne se sont pas faites sans sacrifices. La capacité d’adaptation des résidents de Rigolet a notamment été facilitée par la flexibilité des ressources et les connaissances de la variabilité de l’eau douce découlant de l’expérience au sein même de leur bassin hydrographique. Nos observations laissent entendre que les changements en matière d’eau douce que connaissent les communautés subarctiques et arctiques de même que leur capacité d’adaptation sont largement attribuables aux modes de vie des résidents et à la manière et au degré dont ils dépendent des réseaux d’eau douce de la région

The Ethical Cyborg: The Futures of Transhumanism and Inclusivity

This project addresses the possible futures of Transhumanism, and the effects on culture and society those futures could create. History has shown us that when social and political systems are not created for, and by, the people they serve, they often do not serve those people's best interests and turn into sexist, racist and classist systems. How might we ensure that the directions biomedical designers and engineers pursue to create future biomedical devices are informed by the wishes and concerns of the people who will be integrating these devices into their bodies? Similarly, how can policy makers work closely with people seeking to improve their lives through bionic integration, so that the system is designed to include people in need (who are otherwise already disadvantaged), and not simply to provide benefits only to a privileged few. This project aims to create a set of future implications which will help guide and decolonize the future of healthcare policy, biomedical design, and the Transhumanist movement as a whole

The impact of narrative messages on adolescents’ type 1 diabetes management

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, lifelong illness that requires constant and continual self-management. For adolescents ages 12-17, however, self-management is a daunting task and many struggle to control their disease. To address this, the current dissertation developed and evaluated narrative messages to improve adolescents' T1D management. Aim 1 of this dissertation was a two-phase formative research study that created and pretested narrative messages about self-management targeting adolescents with T1D. The messages were based on true stories from college students with T1D who described the struggles they went through in adolescence and what steps they took to improve their T1D management. The first phase of Aim 1 consisted of interviewing college students who have T1D (n = 6) to develop five messages. Specific narrative topics included T1D acceptance, social support, hospitalizations due to high blood sugar, food intake, and low blood sugar. In the second phase of Aim 1, adolescents ages 12-17 with T1D (n = 8) evaluated the narrative messages and offered feedback through semi-structured interviews and perceived message effectiveness (PME) ratings. Participants rated the narrative messages favorably, perceiving them as personally relevant, motivational, and effective for getting adolescents to take better control of their T1D. Aim 2 was an online experiment involving adolescents with T1D (N = 191) who were randomized to view either three narrative messages or three standard of care messages. Narrative messages were those developed in Aim 1, and standard of care messages were adapted from materials used by a high-ranking pediatric endocrinology clinic and addressed basic T1D management. The online experiment evaluated the impact of the set of narrative messages on message evaluation and psychosocial outcomes, compared to the set of standard of care messages. Results showed that there were no significant differences on any outcomes based on message type; however, mean scores were high for both conditions, suggesting that both types of messages might offer useful advice and guidance for adolescents with T1D. Discussion and future directions focus on the fact that narratives could work well in conjunction with standard of care messages to target different aspects of T1D management, such as how to best manage (standard of care) and why to successfully manage (narratives) T1D. This dissertation worked with an understudied, hard-to-reach population and illustrated how narratives could be developed and tested using a systematic approach that contributes to effective management of T1D among adolescents.Doctor of Philosoph

Archaeoentomological Perspectives on Dorset Occupations in Newfoundland: A Case Study from the Site of Phillip’s Garden (EeBi-1)

The Dorset Paleo-Inuit occupied the island of Newfoundland for over 800 years (1990 BP to 1180 BP), producing a unique and identifiable archaeological record. Despite this, our current understanding of this sea-mammal hunting population is essentially based on past analysis of architecture, artefacts, and animal remains. While these data show that the Dorset intensively used sites at different locations through the Arctic and Subarctic, very little information is known regarding their impact on their surroundings and the environment. Our research is based on soil samples collected at the site of Phillip’s Garden, which is considered to be one of the most intensely occupied sites within the Dorset culture’s geographic range. Beetles, which are known to be ecological specialists, were used as a proxy in this research in order to document the composition and fluctuation in vegetation, and environmental change through time at the site. The analysis demonstrates that the Dorset communities of Phillip’s Garden harvested trees, and modified the environment and the flora surrounding their settlement more intensively than previously thought.Entre 1990 AA et 1180 AA, l’île de Terre-Neuve a connu une période d’occupation de plus de 800 ans par la culture dorsétienne. Cette occupation, documentée dans les données archéologiques, a laissé des traces uniques et visibles. Malgré cette richesse archéologique laissée par les Dorsétiens, notre compréhension de cette culture axée sur la chasse aux mammifères marins est principalement basée sur les données architecturales, artéfactuelles et zooarchéologiques. Ces données ont permis de démontrer que la culture dorsétienne a occupé de façon très intensive plusieurs sites localisés dans l’Arctique et le Subarctique. Cependant, peu d’informations sont fournies par ces données quant à l’impact de cette culture sur son environnement et ses lieux d’occupation. Les données utilisées au cours de notre recherche ont été récupérées dans des échantillons de sols ayant été prélevés sur le site de Phillip’s Garden, considéré comme l’un des sites les plus intensément occupés par la culture dorsétienne. En tant que spécialistes de leur niche écologique, les coléoptères ont été utilisés dans cette recherche afin de documenter la composition et les modifications visibles dans la végétation du site à travers le temps. Cette analyse permet de changer notre perception de l’étendue des modifications faites à la flore et à l’environnement par les Dorsétiens établis au site de Phillip’s Garden, modifications dues entre autres à l’exploitation des arbres