Complications Caused by Contact Lens Wearing

Complications in wearing contact lenses are very rare and caused by poor maintenance, over-extended wear and wearing of contact lenses in a polluted environment. Regular control by a professional person can efficiently reduce the number of complications. This paper describes the most common risks factors for complications, and complications of wearing contact lenses with the classification according to the anatomic parts of the eye: eyelids, tear film, limbus, corneal epithelium, corneal stroma and corneal endothelium. Every complication has been described by the characteristic signs and symptoms, etiology and pathology, as well as therapy and prognosis. The paper describes how to select adequate customers as contact lens users, with proper education in order to ensure minimal incidence of complications due to contact lens wear, thus attracting a lot of satisfied and healthy customers

Complications Caused by Contact Lens Wearing

Complications in wearing contact lenses are very rare and caused by poor maintenance, over-extended wear and wearing of contact lenses in a polluted environment. Regular control by a professional person can efficiently reduce the number of complications. This paper describes the most common risks factors for complications, and complications of wearing contact lenses with the classification according to the anatomic parts of the eye: eyelids, tear film, limbus, corneal epithelium, corneal stroma and corneal endothelium. Every complication has been described by the characteristic signs and symptoms, etiology and pathology, as well as therapy and prognosis. The paper describes how to select adequate customers as contact lens users, with proper education in order to ensure minimal incidence of complications due to contact lens wear, thus attracting a lot of satisfied and healthy customers

Structure and function of cancer-related developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) is conserved between sponges and humans

Cancer is a disease caused by errors within the multicellular system and it represents a major health issue in multicellular organisms. Although cancer research has advanced substantially, new approaches focusing on fundamental aspects of cancer origin and mechanisms of spreading are necessary. Comparative genomic studies have shown that most genes linked to human cancer emerged during the early evolution of Metazoa. Thus, basal animals without true tissues and organs, such as sponges (Porifera), might be an innovative model system for understanding the molecular mechanisms of proteins involved in cancer biology. One of these proteins is developmentally regulated GTP- binding protein 1 (DRG1), a GTPase stabilized by interaction with DRG family regulatory protein 1 (DFRP1). This study reveals a high evolutionary conservation of DRG1 gene/protein in metazoans. Our biochemical analysis and structural predictions show that both recombinant sponge and human DRG1 are predominantly monomers that form complexes with DFRP1 and bind non-specifically to RNA and DNA. We demonstrate the conservation of sponge and human DRG1 biological features, including intracellular localization and DRG1:DFRP1 binding, function of DRG1 in α-tubulin dynamics, and its role in cancer biology demonstrated by increased proliferation, migration and colonization in human cancer cells. These results suggest that the ancestor of all Metazoa already possessed DRG1 that is structurally and functionally similar to the human DRG1, even before the development of real tissues or tumors, indicating an important function of DRG1 in fundamental cellular pathways

With food to health : proceedings of the 10th International scientific and professional conference

Proceedings contains 13 original scientific papers, 10 professional papers and 2 review papers which were presented at "10th International Scientific and Professional Conference WITH FOOD TO HEALTH", organised in following sections: Nutrition, Dietetics and diet therapy, Functional food and food supplemnents, Food safety, Food analysis, Production of safe food and food with added nutritional value

The Kinetics of the Release of Phenolic Compounds from Aronia in the Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

Cilj je bio ispitati kinetiku otpuštanja polifenolnih spojeva iz aronije tijekom probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu. Da bi se odredila količina polifenolnih spojeva prije probavnog procesa, provedena je kemijska ekstrakcija aronije i ekstrakcija pomognuta enzimima. In vitro probava aronije provena je simuliranjem probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu, u različitim vremenskim periodima (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 i 120 min). Identifikacija i kvantifikacija polifenolnih spojeva provedena je RP-HPLC metodom (Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). U aroniji su prije i nakon probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu identificirane fenolne kiseline (neoklorogenska i klorogenska kiselina), antocijani (cijanidin-3-galaktozid, cijanidin-3-glukozid, cijanidin-3-arabinozid i cijanidin-3-ksilozid) i flavonoli (kvercetin-3-rutinozid, kvercetin-3-galaktozid i kvercetin-3- glukozid). Prije probave u najvećem postotku u aroniji su bili prisutni antocijanini (66 %), zatim fenolne kiseline (26 %) te flavonoli (8 %). Slična postotna raspodjela pronađena je nakon probave u želudcu (antocijanini 58 %, fenolne kiseline 36 %, flavonoli 6 %), dok se postotna raspodjela u tankom crijevu razlikovala (fenolne kiseline 56 %, antocijanini 27 %, flavonoli 17 %). Ove promjene moguće su zbog različite pH vrijednosti tijekom probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu. Dobiveni podatci (količina polifenolnih skupina otpuštena tijekom probave $(c_{t)})$ vs vrijeme (t)) analizirani su nelinearnom regresijom upotrebljavajući modificirane jednadžbe prvog i drugog reda. Predviđeno je brzo vrijeme otpuštanja polifenola ($t_{1/2}$ prvi red: želudac 0,94 - 2,31 min, tanko crijevo 0,82 - 4,10 min; drugi red: želudac 0,63 do 1,02 min, tanko crijevo 0,77 do 2,50 min). Visoka korelacija između $(C_{00})$ predviđenih modelom i eksperimentalnim vrijednostima ukazuje na mogućnost upotrebe modela za analiziranje simulirane probave.The aim was to study the kinetics of the release of polyphenolic compounds from chokeberry during digestion in the stomach and small intestine. In order to determine the amount of polyphenolic compounds before the digestion, chemical and enzyme-assisted extraction were performed. In vitro digestion of chokeberry was conducted by simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine, in different time periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min). Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds was performed using the RP-HPLC method (Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). Phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acid), anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside) and flavonols (quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside and quercetin-3-glucoside) were identified in chokeberry before and after the digestion in the stomach and small intestine. Before digestion, anthocyanins (66 %) were present in the highest percentage in chokeberry, followed by phenolic acids (26%) and flavonols (8%). A similar percentage distribution was found after digestion in the stomach (anthocyanins 58%, phenolic acids 36%, flavonols 6%), while the total distribution in the small intestine differed (phenolic acids 56%, anthocyanins 27%, flavonols 17%). These changes are possible due to different pH values during digestion in the stomach and small intestine. The obtained data (the amount of polyphenolic groups released during digestion $(c_{t)})$ vs time (t) were analyzed by non-linear regression using modified equations of the first and second order. The rapid release time of polyphenols was predicted ($t_{1/2}$ first order: stomach 0.94 - 2.31 min, small intestine 0.82 - 4.10 min; second order: stomach 0.63 to 1.02 min, small intestine 0.77 to 2.50 min).The high correlation between $(C_{00})$ predicted by the model and experimental values indicated the possibility of using equations to analyze simulated digestion

Cytotoxic effect of PCB-77 on proliferation on CHO-K1 cells

Poliklorirani bifenili su perzistentni organski zagađivači okoliša koji uzrokuju mnoga negativna djelovanja na živa bića. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti djelovanje PCB-77 na proliferaciju CHO-K1 stanica. Za praćenje citotoksičkog učinka PCB-77 primijenjena je stanična linija CHO-K1 uzgojena u Dulbecco MEM mediju uz dodatak 10% FBS. Stanice su tretirane različitim koncentracijama PCB-77 (25, 50, 75 i 100 μM). Citotoksički učinak 25-100 μM PCB-77 određen je MTT metodom tijekom 24, 48 i 72 sata. Nakon 72 sata, inhibicija proliferacije iznosila je 34,7-79,3%. IC vrijednosti su izračunate iz jednadžbi interpoliranih eksponencijalnih krivulja s grafičkog prikaza ovisnosti % inhibicije proliferacije stanica pri korištenim koncentracijama PCB-77. IC50 vrijednost za PCB-77 nakon 72 sata iznosila je 43,1 μM. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na inhibitorni učinak PCB-77 ovisno o povećanju doze.The polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent organic pollutants that cause many adverse effects on living beings. The objective of this research was to determine effects of PCB-77 on proliferation of CHO-K1 cell line. CHO-K1 cell line cultivated in Dulbecco's MEM medium suplemented with 10% FBS was applied as the test system for cytotoxicity determination of PCB-77. Test groups were treated with different concentrations of PCB-77 (25, 50, 75 and 100 μM). Cytotoxic effect was assessed by MTT method during 24, 48 and 72 h. After 72 h, dose respondent inhibition of proliferation amounted for 34.7-79.3%. IC values were derived from equations of related exponential trend lines interpolated in graphically presented correlation between % of cell growth inhibition and applied PCB-77 concentrations. IC50 for PCB-77 after 72 h was 43.1 μM. The results indicate that PCB-77 inhibits the proliferation of CHO-K1 cells. Inhibition of proliferation was proportional to increase of concentration of PCB-77

Cytotoxic effect of PCB-77 on proliferation on CHO-K1 cells

Poliklorirani bifenili su perzistentni organski zagađivači okoliša koji uzrokuju mnoga negativna djelovanja na živa bića. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti djelovanje PCB-77 na proliferaciju CHO-K1 stanica. Za praćenje citotoksičkog učinka PCB-77 primijenjena je stanična linija CHO-K1 uzgojena u Dulbecco MEM mediju uz dodatak 10% FBS. Stanice su tretirane različitim koncentracijama PCB-77 (25, 50, 75 i 100 μM). Citotoksički učinak 25-100 μM PCB-77 određen je MTT metodom tijekom 24, 48 i 72 sata. Nakon 72 sata, inhibicija proliferacije iznosila je 34,7-79,3%. IC vrijednosti su izračunate iz jednadžbi interpoliranih eksponencijalnih krivulja s grafičkog prikaza ovisnosti % inhibicije proliferacije stanica pri korištenim koncentracijama PCB-77. IC50 vrijednost za PCB-77 nakon 72 sata iznosila je 43,1 μM. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na inhibitorni učinak PCB-77 ovisno o povećanju doze.The polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent organic pollutants that cause many adverse effects on living beings. The objective of this research was to determine effects of PCB-77 on proliferation of CHO-K1 cell line. CHO-K1 cell line cultivated in Dulbecco's MEM medium suplemented with 10% FBS was applied as the test system for cytotoxicity determination of PCB-77. Test groups were treated with different concentrations of PCB-77 (25, 50, 75 and 100 μM). Cytotoxic effect was assessed by MTT method during 24, 48 and 72 h. After 72 h, dose respondent inhibition of proliferation amounted for 34.7-79.3%. IC values were derived from equations of related exponential trend lines interpolated in graphically presented correlation between % of cell growth inhibition and applied PCB-77 concentrations. IC50 for PCB-77 after 72 h was 43.1 μM. The results indicate that PCB-77 inhibits the proliferation of CHO-K1 cells. Inhibition of proliferation was proportional to increase of concentration of PCB-77

Cytotoxic effect of PCB-77 on proliferation on CHO-K1 cells

Poliklorirani bifenili su perzistentni organski zagađivači okoliša koji uzrokuju mnoga negativna djelovanja na živa bića. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti djelovanje PCB-77 na proliferaciju CHO-K1 stanica. Za praćenje citotoksičkog učinka PCB-77 primijenjena je stanična linija CHO-K1 uzgojena u Dulbecco MEM mediju uz dodatak 10% FBS. Stanice su tretirane različitim koncentracijama PCB-77 (25, 50, 75 i 100 μM). Citotoksički učinak 25-100 μM PCB-77 određen je MTT metodom tijekom 24, 48 i 72 sata. Nakon 72 sata, inhibicija proliferacije iznosila je 34,7-79,3%. IC vrijednosti su izračunate iz jednadžbi interpoliranih eksponencijalnih krivulja s grafičkog prikaza ovisnosti % inhibicije proliferacije stanica pri korištenim koncentracijama PCB-77. IC50 vrijednost za PCB-77 nakon 72 sata iznosila je 43,1 μM. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na inhibitorni učinak PCB-77 ovisno o povećanju doze.The polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent organic pollutants that cause many adverse effects on living beings. The objective of this research was to determine effects of PCB-77 on proliferation of CHO-K1 cell line. CHO-K1 cell line cultivated in Dulbecco's MEM medium suplemented with 10% FBS was applied as the test system for cytotoxicity determination of PCB-77. Test groups were treated with different concentrations of PCB-77 (25, 50, 75 and 100 μM). Cytotoxic effect was assessed by MTT method during 24, 48 and 72 h. After 72 h, dose respondent inhibition of proliferation amounted for 34.7-79.3%. IC values were derived from equations of related exponential trend lines interpolated in graphically presented correlation between % of cell growth inhibition and applied PCB-77 concentrations. IC50 for PCB-77 after 72 h was 43.1 μM. The results indicate that PCB-77 inhibits the proliferation of CHO-K1 cells. Inhibition of proliferation was proportional to increase of concentration of PCB-77

Adsorption of Anthocyanins onto ß-Glucan

Antocijanini su spojevi koji se nalaze u aroniji, pripadaju skupini polifenolnih spojeva, a pokazali su biaktivna svojstva. Na njihove bioaktivnosti mogu utjecati interakcije s vlaknima kao što je β-glukan te ih je zbog toga potrebno istražiti. U tu svrhu može poslužiti istraživanje procesa adsorpcije antocijanina na β-glukan. U ovom radu istražena je adsorpcija antocijanina iz aronije na β-glukanu, a sam proces analiziran je jednadžbama Frenudlichove i Langmuirove adsorpcijske izoterme. Eksperimentalni adsorpcijski kapaciteti $(q_{e})$ te teorijski maksimalni kapaciteti dobiveni iz Langmuirove izoterme $(q_{m})$ veći su za cijanidin-3-galaktozid i cijanidin-3-arabinozid u usporedbi s kapacitetom cijanidin-3-glukozida i cijanidin-3-ksilozida. Parametar 1/n iz Freundlichove izoterme pokazao je da je adsorpcija antocijanina favorizirana. Interakcije antocijanina i β-glukana mogu se istražiti procesom adsorpcije, a parametri adsorpcijskih izotermi imaju mogućnost dati dodatne informacije o procesu adsorpcije.Anthocyanins are compounds found in chokeberry, belong to the group of polyphenolic compounds, and have shown biactive properties. Their bioactivities may be affected by interactions with fibers such as β-glucan and therefore need to be investigated. Research into the adsorption process of anthocyanins to β-glucan can serve this purpose. In this study, the adsorption of anthocyanins from chokeberry onto β-glucan was investigated, and the process itself was analyzed by the equations of the Frenudlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The experimental adsorption capacities $(q_{e})$ and the theoretical maximum capacities obtained from the Langmuir isotherm $(q_{m})$ were higher for cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside compared to the capacities of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside. Parameter 1/n from the Freundlich isotherm showed that anthocyanin adsorption was favored. Interactions between anthocyanins and β-glucans can be investigated by the adsorption process, and the parameters of adsorption isotherms have the ability to provide additional information about the adsorption process

The Kinetics of the Release of Phenolic Compounds from Aronia in the Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

Cilj je bio ispitati kinetiku otpuštanja polifenolnih spojeva iz aronije tijekom probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu. Da bi se odredila količina polifenolnih spojeva prije probavnog procesa, provedena je kemijska ekstrakcija aronije i ekstrakcija pomognuta enzimima. In vitro probava aronije provena je simuliranjem probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu, u različitim vremenskim periodima (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 i 120 min). Identifikacija i kvantifikacija polifenolnih spojeva provedena je RP-HPLC metodom (Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). U aroniji su prije i nakon probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu identificirane fenolne kiseline (neoklorogenska i klorogenska kiselina), antocijani (cijanidin-3-galaktozid, cijanidin-3-glukozid, cijanidin-3-arabinozid i cijanidin-3-ksilozid) i flavonoli (kvercetin-3-rutinozid, kvercetin-3-galaktozid i kvercetin-3- glukozid). Prije probave u najvećem postotku u aroniji su bili prisutni antocijanini (66 %), zatim fenolne kiseline (26 %) te flavonoli (8 %). Slična postotna raspodjela pronađena je nakon probave u želudcu (antocijanini 58 %, fenolne kiseline 36 %, flavonoli 6 %), dok se postotna raspodjela u tankom crijevu razlikovala (fenolne kiseline 56 %, antocijanini 27 %, flavonoli 17 %). Ove promjene moguće su zbog različite pH vrijednosti tijekom probave u želudcu i tankom crijevu. Dobiveni podatci (količina polifenolnih skupina otpuštena tijekom probave $(c_{t)})$ vs vrijeme (t)) analizirani su nelinearnom regresijom upotrebljavajući modificirane jednadžbe prvog i drugog reda. Predviđeno je brzo vrijeme otpuštanja polifenola ($t_{1/2}$ prvi red: želudac 0,94 - 2,31 min, tanko crijevo 0,82 - 4,10 min; drugi red: želudac 0,63 do 1,02 min, tanko crijevo 0,77 do 2,50 min). Visoka korelacija između $(C_{00})$ predviđenih modelom i eksperimentalnim vrijednostima ukazuje na mogućnost upotrebe modela za analiziranje simulirane probave.The aim was to study the kinetics of the release of polyphenolic compounds from chokeberry during digestion in the stomach and small intestine. In order to determine the amount of polyphenolic compounds before the digestion, chemical and enzyme-assisted extraction were performed. In vitro digestion of chokeberry was conducted by simulating digestion in the stomach and small intestine, in different time periods (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min). Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds was performed using the RP-HPLC method (Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). Phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acid), anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside) and flavonols (quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside and quercetin-3-glucoside) were identified in chokeberry before and after the digestion in the stomach and small intestine. Before digestion, anthocyanins (66 %) were present in the highest percentage in chokeberry, followed by phenolic acids (26%) and flavonols (8%). A similar percentage distribution was found after digestion in the stomach (anthocyanins 58%, phenolic acids 36%, flavonols 6%), while the total distribution in the small intestine differed (phenolic acids 56%, anthocyanins 27%, flavonols 17%). These changes are possible due to different pH values during digestion in the stomach and small intestine. The obtained data (the amount of polyphenolic groups released during digestion $(c_{t)})$ vs time (t) were analyzed by non-linear regression using modified equations of the first and second order. The rapid release time of polyphenols was predicted ($t_{1/2}$ first order: stomach 0.94 - 2.31 min, small intestine 0.82 - 4.10 min; second order: stomach 0.63 to 1.02 min, small intestine 0.77 to 2.50 min).The high correlation between $(C_{00})$ predicted by the model and experimental values indicated the possibility of using equations to analyze simulated digestion