14 research outputs found
Physico-chemical characterization of nano-emulsions in cosmetic matrix enriched on omega-3
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nano-emulsions, as non-equilibrium systems, present characteristics and properties which depend not only on composition but also on their method of preparation. To obtain better penetration, nanocosmeceuticals use nano-sized systems for the delivery of active ingredients to targeted cells. In this work, nano-emulsions composed of miglyol, rapeseed oil and salmon oil were developed as a cosmetic matrix. Measurements of different physico-chemical properties of nano-emulsions were taken according to size, electrophoretic mobility, conductivity, viscosity, turbidity, cristallization and melting point. The RHLB was calculated for each formulation in order to achieve maximum stability.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both tween 80 and soya lecithin were found to stabilize formulations. The results showed that rapeseed oil and miglyol are the predominant parameters for determining the expression of results concerning the characterization of emulsion. Based on the mixture design, we achieved the optimal point using the following formulation: 56.5% rapessed oil, 35.5% miglyol, and 8% salmon oil. We considered this formulation to be the best as a nanocosmeceutical product due to the small size, good turbidity, and average HLB.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrates the influence of formulation on the physico-chemical properties of each nano-emulsion obtained by the mixture design.</p
Nano-Ă©mulsion naturelle de phospholipides marins, issus dâun complexe phospholipopeptidique provenant dâun procĂ©dĂ© de valorisation de co-produits de saumon, et applications Ă la vectorisation de molĂ©cules faiblement biodisponibles
The benefits of omega 3 fatty acids, mainly EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3) are well understood in the literature. They indeed play an essential role in the prevention of many neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are mostly found in marine sources. In this context, we were interested on the effects of phospholipopeptidic complex from the enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon heads on anxiety and oxidative stress using a behavioural study (mouse model). On the other hand, we have developed a double vectorization operating nanoemulsions, to increase the bioavailability of two hydrophobic and bioactive molecules (conenzyme Q10 and curcumine) by total lipids (phospholipids and triacylglycerols) from the phospholipopeptidic complex rich in EPA and DHA. The results of this study showed that the CPLP, its lipid and peptide fractions have an anxiolytic effect at a dose of 600 mg of CPLP / day for 14 days of treatment. It was also demonstrated that the peptideâs hydrolyzate ingested at double dose decreases significantly the oxidative stress by lowering the endogenous level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. For therapeutic uses, the bioavailability of CoQ10 increased up to 38 times compared to referential formulation when verctorized at high dose in the oily formulation composed of CPLPâs total lipids. Regarding conventional CoQ10 supplementation as a dietary supplement, the emulsified formulation has a better availability at single dose, with plasma concentrations two times higher than the reference formulation. Although the anti-cancer activity of curcumine is highlighted, its low solubility and hence its low bioavailability, are factors limiting its use. The formulation of nanoemulsified curcumine allows a significant reduction in the proliferation of cancer cells (MCF7)Les bienfaits des acides gras omĂ©ga-3, essentiellement lâEPA (C20:5n-3) et le DHA (C22:6n-3) sont bien Ă©lucidĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Ils jouent en effet, un rĂŽle essentiel dans la prĂ©vention de nombreuses maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives et cardiovasculaires. Ces acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s Ă longue chaĂźne sont majoritairement retrouvĂ©s dans des sources dâorigines marines. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s dâune part Ă lâeffet du complexe phospholipopeptidique provenant de lâhydrolyse enzymatique des tĂȘtes de saumon, sur lâanxiĂ©tĂ© et le stress oxydant dans le cadre dâune Ă©tude comportementale effectuĂ©e sur un modĂšle murin. Dâautre part, nous avons mis en place une approche de double vectorisation, sous formes de nanoĂ©mulsions, visant Ă augmenter la biodisponibilitĂ© de deux molĂ©cules hydrophobes et bioactives (coenzyme Q10 et curcumine) en utilisant les lipides totaux (phospholipides et triacylglycĂ©rols) du complexe phospholipopeptidique riche en EPA et en DHA. Les rĂ©sultats de ce travail ont montrĂ© que le CPLP, sa fraction lipidique et peptidique ont un effet anxiolytique Ă une dose de 600 mg de CPLP/jour pendant 14 jours de traitement. Il a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© dans cette Ă©tude que lâhydrolysat peptidique du CPLP diminue significativement, Ă double dose, le stress oxydant en baissant le niveau endogĂšne des espĂšces rĂ©actives de lâoxygĂšne (ROS) dans les neurones. Dâautre part, pour une utilisation thĂ©rapeutique, la biodisponibilitĂ© du CoQ10 vectorisĂ© Ă forte dose est amĂ©liorĂ©e jusquâĂ 38 fois par la formulation huileuse composĂ©e de lipides polaires du CPLP. Concernant la supplĂ©mentation classique en CoQ10 en tant que complĂ©ment alimentaire, la formulation Ă©mulsionnĂ©e prĂ©sente une meilleure disponibilitĂ© Ă dose aigĂŒe, avec une concentration plasmatique deux fois plus Ă©levĂ©e que la formulation de rĂ©fĂ©rence. MalgrĂ© une activitĂ© anticancĂ©reuse reconnue pour la curcumine, sa faible solubilitĂ© diminue sa biodisponibilitĂ© et limite de ce fait son utilisation. La formulation nanoĂ©mulsionnĂ©e de curcumine contribue Ă inhiber la prolifĂ©ration de cellules cancĂ©reuses (MCF7
Natural nanoemulsion composed of marine phospholipids from phospholipopeptidic complex obtained from salmon head by-products and application to the vectorization of poorly bioavailable molecules
Les bienfaits des acides gras omĂ©ga-3, essentiellement lâEPA (C20:5n-3) et le DHA (C22:6n-3) sont bien Ă©lucidĂ©s dans la littĂ©rature. Ils jouent en effet, un rĂŽle essentiel dans la prĂ©vention de nombreuses maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives et cardiovasculaires. Ces acides gras polyinsaturĂ©s Ă longue chaĂźne sont majoritairement retrouvĂ©s dans des sources dâorigines marines. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s dâune part Ă lâeffet du complexe phospholipopeptidique provenant de lâhydrolyse enzymatique des tĂȘtes de saumon, sur lâanxiĂ©tĂ© et le stress oxydant dans le cadre dâune Ă©tude comportementale effectuĂ©e sur un modĂšle murin. Dâautre part, nous avons mis en place une approche de double vectorisation, sous formes de nanoĂ©mulsions, visant Ă augmenter la biodisponibilitĂ© de deux molĂ©cules hydrophobes et bioactives (coenzyme Q10 et curcumine) en utilisant les lipides totaux (phospholipides et triacylglycĂ©rols) du complexe phospholipopeptidique riche en EPA et en DHA. Les rĂ©sultats de ce travail ont montrĂ© que le CPLP, sa fraction lipidique et peptidique ont un effet anxiolytique Ă une dose de 600 mg de CPLP/jour pendant 14 jours de traitement. Il a Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© dans cette Ă©tude que lâhydrolysat peptidique du CPLP diminue significativement, Ă double dose, le stress oxydant en baissant le niveau endogĂšne des espĂšces rĂ©actives de lâoxygĂšne (ROS) dans les neurones. Dâautre part, pour une utilisation thĂ©rapeutique, la biodisponibilitĂ© du CoQ10 vectorisĂ© Ă forte dose est amĂ©liorĂ©e jusquâĂ 38 fois par la formulation huileuse composĂ©e de lipides polaires du CPLP. Concernant la supplĂ©mentation classique en CoQ10 en tant que complĂ©ment alimentaire, la formulation Ă©mulsionnĂ©e prĂ©sente une meilleure disponibilitĂ© Ă dose aigĂŒe, avec une concentration plasmatique deux fois plus Ă©levĂ©e que la formulation de rĂ©fĂ©rence. MalgrĂ© une activitĂ© anticancĂ©reuse reconnue pour la curcumine, sa faible solubilitĂ© diminue sa biodisponibilitĂ© et limite de ce fait son utilisation. La formulation nanoĂ©mulsionnĂ©e de curcumine contribue Ă inhiber la prolifĂ©ration de cellules cancĂ©reuses (MCF7)The benefits of omega 3 fatty acids, mainly EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3) are well understood in the literature. They indeed play an essential role in the prevention of many neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are mostly found in marine sources. In this context, we were interested on the effects of phospholipopeptidic complex from the enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon heads on anxiety and oxidative stress using a behavioural study (mouse model). On the other hand, we have developed a double vectorization operating nanoemulsions, to increase the bioavailability of two hydrophobic and bioactive molecules (conenzyme Q10 and curcumine) by total lipids (phospholipids and triacylglycerols) from the phospholipopeptidic complex rich in EPA and DHA. The results of this study showed that the CPLP, its lipid and peptide fractions have an anxiolytic effect at a dose of 600 mg of CPLP / day for 14 days of treatment. It was also demonstrated that the peptideâs hydrolyzate ingested at double dose decreases significantly the oxidative stress by lowering the endogenous level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. For therapeutic uses, the bioavailability of CoQ10 increased up to 38 times compared to referential formulation when verctorized at high dose in the oily formulation composed of CPLPâs total lipids. Regarding conventional CoQ10 supplementation as a dietary supplement, the emulsified formulation has a better availability at single dose, with plasma concentrations two times higher than the reference formulation. Although the anti-cancer activity of curcumine is highlighted, its low solubility and hence its low bioavailability, are factors limiting its use. The formulation of nanoemulsified curcumine allows a significant reduction in the proliferation of cancer cells (MCF7
Gestion autonomique générique des services pour les applications à base de composants
During the past decade, the complexity of applications has significantly scaled to satisfy the emerging business needs. Their design entails a composition of distributed and interacting software components. They provide services by means of the business interactions maintained by their components. Such applications are inherently in a dynamic evolution due to their context dynamics. Indeed, they evolve in changing environments while exhibiting highly dynamic conditions during their execution life-cycle (e.g., their load, availability, performance, etc.). Such contexts have burdened the applications developers with their design and management tasks. Subsequently, motivated the need to enforce the autonomy of their management to be less dependent on human interventions with the Autonomic Computing principles. Autonomic Computing Systems (ACS) implies the usage of autonomic loops, dedicated to help the system to achieve its management tasks. These loops main role is to adapt their associated systems to the dynamic of their contexts by acting upon an embedded adaptation logic. Most of time, this logic is given by static hand-coded rules, often concern-specific and potentially error-prone. It is undoubtedly time and effort-consuming while demanding a costly expertise. Actually, it requires a thorough understanding of the system design and dynamics to predict the accurate adaptations to bring to the system. Furthermore, such logic cannot envisage all the possible adaptation scenarios, hence, not able to take appropriate adaptations for previously unknown situations. ACS should be sophisticated enough to cope with the dynamic nature of their contexts and be able to learn on their own to properly act in unknown situations. They should also be able to learn from their past experiences and modify their adaptation logic according to their context dynamics. In this thesis manuscript, we address the described shortcomings by using Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques to build our adaptation logic. Nevertheless, RL-based approaches are known for their poor performance during the early stages of learning. This poor performance hinders their usage in real-world deployed systems. Accordingly, we enhanced the adaptation logic with sophisticated and better-performing learning abilities with a multi-step RL approach. Our main objective is to optimize the learning performance and render it timely-efficient which considerably improves the ACS performance even during the beginning of learning phase. Thereafter, we pushed further our work by proposing a generic framework aimed to support the application developers in building self-adaptive applications. We proposed to transform existing applications by dynamically adding autonomic and learning abilities to their components. The transformation entails the encapsulation of components into autonomic containers to provide them with the needed self-adaptive behavior. The objective is to alleviate the burden of management tasks on the developers and let them focus on the business logic of their applications. The proposed solutions are intended to be generic, granular and based on a well known standard (i.e., Service Component Architecture). Finally, our proposals were evaluated and validated with experimental results. They demonstrated their effectiveness by showing a dynamic adjustment to the transformed application to its context changes in a shorter time as compared to existing approachesAu cours de la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie, la complexitĂ© des applications a considĂ©rablement Ă©voluĂ© afin de rĂ©pondre aux besoins mĂ©tiers Ă©mergeants. Leur conception implique une composition distribuĂ©e de composants logiciels. Ces applications fournissent des services aÌ travers les interactions mĂ©tiers maintenues par leurs composants. De telles applications sont intrinsĂšquement en Ă©volution dynamique en raison de la dynamicitĂ© de leurs contextes. En effet, elles Ă©voluent dans des environnements qui changent tout en prĂ©sentant des conditions trĂšs dynamiques durant leur cycle de vie dâexĂ©cution. De tels contextes reprĂ©sentent une lourde charge pour les dĂ©veloppeurs aussi bien pour leurs tĂąches de conception que de gestion. Cela a motivĂ©Ì le besoin de renforcer lâautonomie de gestion des applications pour les rendre moins dĂ©pendantes de lâintervention humaine en utilisant les principes de lâInformatique Autonomique. Les SystĂšmes Informatiques Autonomes (SIA) impliquent lâutilisation des boucles autonomiques, dĂ©diĂ©es aux systĂšmes afin de les aider aÌ accomplir leurs tĂąches de gestion. Ces boucles ont pour objectif dâadapter leurs systĂšmes aÌ la dynamicitĂ© de leurs contextes, en se basant sur une logique dâadaptation intĂ©grĂ©e. Cette logique est souvent donnĂ©e par des rĂšgles statiques codĂ©es manuellement. La construction de ces rĂšgles demande beaucoup de temps tout en exigeant une bonne expertise. En fait, elles nĂ©cessitent une comprĂ©hension approfondie de la dynamicitĂ© du systĂšme afin de prĂ©dire les adaptations prĂ©cises aÌ apporter aÌ celui-ci. Par ailleurs, une telle logique ne peut envisager tous les scĂ©narios dâadaptation possibles, donc, ne sera pas en mesure de prendre en compte des adaptations pour des situations prĂ©cĂ©demment inconnues. Les SIA devraient donc ĂȘtre assez sophistiquĂ©s afin de pouvoir faire face aÌ la nature dynamique de leurs contextes et de pouvoir apprendre par eux-mĂȘmes afin dâagir correctement dans des situations inconnues. Les SIA devraient Ă©galement ĂȘtre capables dâapprendre de leur propre expĂ©rience passĂ©e afin de modifier leur logique dâadaptation en fonction de la dynamicitĂ© de leurs contextes. Dans ce manuscrit, nous abordons les lacunes dĂ©crites en utilisant les techniques dâApprentissage par Renforcement (AR) afin de construire notre logique dâadaptation. Cependant, les approches fondĂ©es sur lâAR sont connues pour leur mauvaise performance lors des premiĂšres phases dâapprentissage. Cette mauvaise performance entrave leur utilisation dans le monde rĂ©el des systĂšmes dĂ©ployĂ©s. Par consĂ©quent, nous avons amĂ©liorĂ© cette logique dâadaptation avec des capacitĂ©s dâapprentissage plus performantes avec une approche AR en multi-pas. Notre objectif est dâoptimiser la performance de lâapprentissage et de le rendre plus efficace et plus rapide, en particulier durant les premiĂšres phases dâapprentissage. Nous avons aussi proposĂ©Ì un cadriciel gĂ©nĂ©rique visant aÌ aider les dĂ©veloppeurs dans la construction dâapplications auto-adaptatives. Nous avons donc proposeÌ de transformer des applications existantes en ajoutant des capacitĂ©s dâautonomie et dâapprentissage aÌ leurs composants. La transformation consiste en lâencapsulation des composants dans des conteneurs autonomiques pour les doter du comportement auto-adaptatif nĂ©cessaire. Notre objectif est dâallĂ©ger la charge des tĂąches de gestion des dĂ©veloppeurs et de leur permettre de se concentrer plus sur la logique mĂ©tier de leurs applications. Les solutions proposĂ©es sont destinĂ©es aÌ ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©riques, granulaires et basĂ©es sur un standard connu, aÌ savoir lâArchitecture de Composant de Service. Enfin, nos propositions ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es et validĂ©es avec des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux. Ils ont dĂ©montrĂ© leur efficacitĂ© en montrant un ajustement dynamique des applications transformĂ©es face aux dynamiciteÌs de leurs contextes en un temps beaucoup plus court compareÌ aux approches existante
From Krill to Whale: an overview of marine fatty acids and lipid compositions
In this study, fatty acid compositions of phyto-zooplankton (calanoid copepod species, krillâŠ) to fish species (mackerel, sardine anchovy, salmon, shark) are presented. Marine oils are essentially used for their high long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) for their good health impact. Due to health benefits of the omega-3, weekly fish consumption is today recommended by many authorities (FDA, AFSSAâŠ). Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 110 million tonnes of food fish in 2006 (FAO 2009), providing an apparent per capita supply of 16.7 kg. It is well established that the lipid composition of fish muscle is influenced by the diet and also depends on the effects of environmental factors (temperature, oxygen concentration in sea water) and endogenous medium (physiological state and individual variability). In general, cultured fish have been reported to have a softer texture than wild fish, which has been related to the differences in muscle structure, proximate composition and nutritional value. New applications of typical compounds (wax esters, squalene âŠ) or lipid classes (glycerophospholipids, ether glycerolipids, sphingophospholipids âŠ) as cosmetics, functional foods and dietary supplements will become very important in the near future with nano-structured drug carriers in pharmaceutical and biomedical areas
From Krill to Whale: an overview of marine fatty acids and lipid compositions
In this study, fatty acid compositions of phyto-zooplankton (calanoid copepod species, krillâŠ) to fish species (mackerel, sardine anchovy, salmon, shark) are presented. Marine oils are essentially used for their high long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) for their good health impact. Due to health benefits of the omega-3, weekly fish consumption is today recommended by many authorities (FDA, AFSSAâŠ). Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 110 million tonnes of food fish in 2006 (FAO 2009), providing an apparent per capita supply of 16.7 kg. It is well established that the lipid composition of fish muscle is influenced by the diet and also depends on the effects of environmental factors (temperature, oxygen concentration in sea water) and endogenous medium (physiological state and individual variability). In general, cultured fish have been reported to have a softer texture than wild fish, which has been related to the differences in muscle structure, proximate composition and nutritional value. New applications of typical compounds (wax esters, squalene âŠ) or lipid classes (glycerophospholipids, ether glycerolipids, sphingophospholipids âŠ) as cosmetics, functional foods and dietary supplements will become very important in the near future with nano-structured drug carriers in pharmaceutical and biomedical areas
Land-use change, not climate, controls organic carbon burial in lakes
International audienc
Anxiolytic-like effect of a salmon phospholipopeptidic complex composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive peptides
A phospholipopeptidic complex obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon heads in green conditions; exert anxiolytic-like effects in a time and dose-dependent manner, with no affection of locomotor activity. This study focused on the physico-chemical properties of the lipidic and peptidic fractions from this natural product. The characterization of mineral composition, amino acid and fatty acids was carried out. Stability of nanoemulsions allowed us to realize a behavioral study conducted with four different tests on 80 mice. This work highlighted the dose dependent effects of the natural complex and its various fractions over a period of 14 days compared to a conventional anxiolytic. The intracellular redox status of neural cells was evaluated in order to determine the free radicals scavenging potential of these products in the central nervous system (CNS), after mice sacrifice. The complex peptidic fraction showed a strong scavenging property and similar results were found for the complex as well as its lipidic fraction. For the first time, the results of this study showed the anxiolytic-like and neuroprotective properties of a phospholipopeptidic complex extracted from salmon head. The applications on anxiety disorders might be relevant, depending on the doses, the fraction used and the chronicity of the supplementation