Traitements ethno-vétérinaires des parasitoses digestives des petits ruminants dans le plateau central du Burkina Faso

La présente étude visait d\'une part, à mieux comprendre les motivations des éleveurs à recourir aux méthodes traditionnelles de soins pour leurs animaux, et d\'autre part, à recenser les remèdes utilisés dans la région du plateau central du Burkina Faso. Elle s\'est déroulée de juin à octobre 2006 en deux étapes : i) une phase de groupe (focus-group screening) avec un formulaire-guide d\'entretien comme support d\'interview semi-structurées (ISS) auprès de 101 éleveurs et ii) une phase individuelle sous la forme d\'enquêtes formelles avec un formulaire administré successivement à 21 tradipraticiens vétérinaires reconnus compétents dans le traitement des parasitoses digestives des petits ruminants par la communauté des éleveurs. Les résultats ont montré que 50.5% des éleveurs utilisaient concomitamment la médecine vétérinaire moderne et celle traditionnelle pour soigner les animaux malades. Les tradipraticiens vétérinaires qui prestent pour ces éleveurs sont âgés en moyenne de 57,6 ans et sont analphabètes. Les remèdes traditionnels proposés pour lutter contre les parasites digestifs des petits ruminants de la région sont essentiellement à base de plantes locales (88,8%) composées de douze (12) espèces appartenant à neuf (9) familles botaniques. Leurs modes de préparation et d\'administration aux animaux sont décrits selon les dires des tradipraticiens enquêtés. Keywords: Pharmacopée vétérinaire; parasites digestifs; petits ruminants; région centrale, Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 1 (3) 2007: pp. 397-30

Applied Radiation and Isotopes Monte Carlo Verification of Output Correction Factors for a TrueBeam STx linac

The recent publication of the new code of practice IEAA/AAPM TRS-483 introduces the use of output correction factors to correct the changes in detector response in relative dosimetry of small photon beams. In TRS-483, average correction factors are reported for several detectors at 6 and 10 MV with and without attening. These correction factors were determined by Monte Carlo simulation or experimental measurements using several linacs of di erent brands and vendors. The goal of this work was to validate the output correction factors reported in TRS-483 for a 6 MV (with and without attening lter) of a TrueBeam STx® linac with Monte Carlo simulation for four radiation detectors employed in the dosimetry of small photon beams and whose output correction factors were determined using di erent radiation source than TrueBeam STx®: PTW®31010, PTW®31016, IBA®CC-01, and IBA®SFD. The results show that Monte Carlo calculated output factors, and those reported in the code of practice TRS-483 fully agree within 1%. The use of generic correction factors for a TrueBeam STx® and the detectors studied in this work is adequate for small dosimetry static beams within the uncertainties of Monte Carlo calculations and output correction factors reported in TRS-483. Key words: TRS-483, Monte Carlo simulation, output correction factors, detector model, Phase Space File, Latent Varianc

Preliminary study on the prevalence of Varroa sp in honeybee colonies in the village of Mondon (Burkina Faso)

In Burkina Faso, beekeeping is practised throughout the country. It has many potentialities, but it faced many constraints. Sanitary constraints are less investigated and need to be elucidate for a better management of bee colonies and improvement of beekeeping. A descriptive study was conducted in Cascades region to assess the prevalence and the density of Varroa mite infestation. The method of sugar shake on adult bees was used. The overall prevalence found was 91.7% [95% CI: 83.8% - 99.5%] and the density varied from 0.3 mite/100 bees to 12.3 mites/100 bees. These results show that the Varroa mite is widespread in bee colonies and its monitoring should be considered for bee health management, which is essential for sustainable beekeeping. Advanced research is needed in a large sample area to further investigate the epidemiological aspects and the potential impact of the mite on honeybee production

Parasitic infections in pirarucu fry, Arapaima gigas Schinz, 1822 (Arapaimatidae) kept in a semi-intensive fish farm in Central Amazon, Brazil.

Studies regarding parasite fauna in farmed fish are of great relevance to lhe knowledge of the parasites species. allowing interference in their proliferation in order to avoid epizooties and consequently. economical losses, This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and intensity of parasites in fry Arapaima gigas maintained in ponds of a semi-intensive fish farm in Amazonas State, Brazil. On necropsy, 96,0% of A. gigas were found parasitized by Dawestrema cycloancistrioides. Dawestrema cycloancistrioides (Monogenoidea). Trichodina sp., Ichthyobodo sp. (Protozoa). Camallamus tridentatus, Terranova serrata, Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda) and Argulidae. However, D. cycloancistrium. D, cycloancistrioides and Trichodina fariai were the parasites of' greatest intensity. This study is the first to report parasitic infections in farmed A. gigas and the results indicated a high rate of infection that might lead to important changes in the health of the hosts

Effects of Drought on Mortality in Macro Urban Areas of Brazil Between 2000 and 2019.

A significant fraction of Brazil's population has been exposed to drought in recent years, a situation that is expected to worsen in frequency and intensity due to climate change. This constitutes a current key environmental health concern, especially in densely urban areas such as several big cities and suburbs. For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the short-term drought effects on weekly non-external, circulatory, and respiratory mortality was conducted in 13 major Brazilian macro-urban areas across 2000-2019. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models adjusted by temperature to explore the association between drought (defined by the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index) and the different mortality causes by location, sex, and age groups. We next conducted multivariate meta-analytical models separated by cause and population groups to pool individual estimates. Impact measures were expressed as the attributable fractions among the exposed population, from the relative risks (RRs). Overall, a positive association between drought exposure and mortality was evidenced in the total population, with RRs varying from 1.003 [95% CI: 0.999-1.007] to 1.010 [0.996-1.025] for non-external mortality related to moderate and extreme drought conditions, from 1.002 [0.997-1.007] to 1.008 [0.991-1.026] for circulatory mortality, and from 1.004 [0.995-1.013] to 1.013 [0.983-1.044] for respiratory mortality. Females, children, and the elderly population were the most affected groups, for whom a robust positive association was found. The study also revealed high heterogeneity between locations. We suggest that policies and action plans should pay special attention to vulnerable populations to promote efficient measures to reduce vulnerability and risks associated with droughts

Consumo de nutrientes de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com níveis de feno de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia L.) e concentrado.

Zootec 2011

Population genetics and reproductive strategies of african trypanosomes : revisiting available published data

Trypanosomatidae are a dangerous family of Euglenobionta parasites that threaten the health and economy of millions of people around the world. More precisely describing the population biology and reproductive mode of such pests is not only a matter of pure science, but can also be useful for understanding parasite adaptation, as well as how parasitism, specialization (parasite specificity), and complex life cycles evolve over time. Studying this parasite’s reproductive strategies and population structure can also contribute key information to the understanding of the epidemiology of associated diseases; it can also provide clues for elaborating control programs and predicting the probability of success for control campaigns (such as vaccines and drug therapies), along with emergence or re-emergence risks. Population genetics tools, if appropriately used, can provide precise and useful information in these investigations. In this paper, we revisit recent data collected during population genetics surveys of different Trypanosoma species in sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive modes and population structure depend not only on the taxon but also on the geographical location and data quality (absence or presence of DNA amplification failures). We conclude on issues regarding future directions of research, in particular vis-à-vis genotyping and sampling strategies, which are still relevant yet, too often, neglected issues

Prospecção estratégica do Café com Ciência para disseminação de publicações técnico-cientificas em acesso aberto da Embrapa Amapá.

bitstream/item/222814/1/CPAF-AP-2018-Prospeccao-estrategica-do-Cafe-com-Ciencia.pd