Актуальные проблемы гидрологических расчетов в арктической зоне Российской Федерации и сопредельных территориях распространения многолетней мерзлоты

The article reveals the main problems facing hydrologists in engineering design in the Arctic zone of Russia and adjacent territories of permafrost. Climate warming and degradation of permafrost cause a significant transformation of the hydrological cycle. The retrospective observations of runoff cannot be considered therefore in modern conditions. The density of the hydrological network in the permafrost zone of Russia has decreased by more than 1.5 times, and on small rivers – more than three times in recent decades. Thus, the use of standard calculation methods (SP 33-101-2003) to assess the runoff characteristics in the Arctic regions is practically impossible. It is shown that in the developed Arctic countries where the size of the territories and their inaccessibility could be compared with withRussia, the low density of the standard observation network is compensated by the organization of small scientific research stations for studying hydrological processes in various physical and geographical conditions and the development of mathematical modeling methods. It is shown that historicallyRussiawas the leader of hydrological research in cold regions. It is stated that there is an urgent need to create a state program aimed at restoring the previously operating in the cryolithоzone and organizing new research hydrological watersheds, improving the standard hydrological network, and developing complex modeling systems and methods for their parameterization.В статье раскрыты основные проблемы, стоящие перед гидрологами при инженерном проектировании в Арктической зоне России и прилегающих территориях распространения многолетней мерзлоты. Основной из них является практическая невозможность использования стандартных методов расчета (СП 33-101-2003) для оценки характеристик стока в регионах с крайне ограниченными данными наблюдений гидрометрической сети в современных условиях изменений климата. Констатируется срочная необходимость создания государственной программы, направленной на восстановление ранее действовавших в криолитозоне и организацию новых научно-исследовательских гидрологических стационаров, совершенствование стандартной гидрологической сети, а также развитие комплексных моделирующих систем и методов их параметризации

New national and regional bryophyte records, 52

Marchantia paleacea is a new species for the Umbria Region and is rare in central and southern Italy. This record is in a Site of Community Importance (SCI) IT5220017 and a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 EU-wide network due to the presence of the 7220* ‘Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)’ Annexe I priority habitat. The particular environment, with a gorge and waterfall, created a very special microclimate that allowed the establishment of interesting liverworts and mosses