47 research outputs found
Investigation of Borosilicate Glasses with Simulated HLW Components and Determination of Their Chemical Durability
Received: 25.11.2020. Revised: 02.03.2021. Accepted: 03.03.2021. Available online: 04.03.2021.This article belongs to the PCEE-2020 Special Issue.The paper discusses the current status of the HLW vitrification technology applied at the radiochemical plant of the Mayak PA. Conceptual and technical solutions proposed to develop the technology of vitrification of various types of liquid HLW at the Mayak PA are presented. Compositions of borosilicate glasses with HLW components are described, temperatures of their melting and easy pouring are determined. Chemical durability parameters obtained for the borosilicate glasses are provided
Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π΅
Stability testing gives necessary data on the effect of such factors as temperature, light, humidity, etc. on the medicinal product quality. The results of these studies help to select suitable primary and secondary packaging and to determine storage conditions and shelf life for the product. The aim of this study was to compare current requirements for stability testing of medicinal products in the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The study covered stability testing of small-molecule medicines. The paper describes evolution of approaches to stability testing in the Russian Federation. It summarises the main differences in basic requirements for stability testing as stipulated in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph.Β Rus.) XIII edition, Ph.Β Rus. XIV edition, and EAEU regulations. The study demonstrated that the Russian Federation lacks regulations containing specific requirements for stability testing performed to support variations to marketing authorisation documentation. The Ph.Β Rus. XIV edition does not specify the extent of stability testing to be performed after switching to another manufacturer of the active ingredient or introduction into operation of a new manufacturing site where the medicinal product will be produced. At the same time, the EAEU regulatory documents contain requirements for stability testing for each type of the most frequent variations to marketing authorisation documentation. The study demonstrated the continuing relevance of bringing the Russian regulations on stability testing in line with those of the EAEU.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ, Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ XIII ΠΈ XIV ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ XIV ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°
Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°
Today, a modern large city can only be imagined with specialised landscape objects. They belong to the group of public facilities, the functional feature of which is formed, as a rule, under the pressure of the cityβs cultural, social and historical environment. The presence of such facilities provides a wide range of recreational activities and contributes to the multifaceted development of the personality of visitors. The article presents a methodology developed by the authors for assessing the attractiveness and integration into the urban gardening system of specialised objects of landscape architecture in Novosibirsk. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the popularity of an entity among the population, its accessibility, its performance of the prevailing function, the possibility of social integration of people with disabilities, and the organisation of the landscape on the territory. Five specialised objects of various functional orientations were identified in the structure of Novosibirsk. Among them, parks of communication with nature and protect flora and fauna prevail in number (Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Dendrological Park, Novosibirsk Zoo named after R.A. Shilo). These objects are also the most popular among the residents of the city. The main factor in attracting visitors to such sites is the cognitive function. The historical and architectural open-air museum needs to be better integrated into the system of urban landscaping due to poor awareness of citizens about this object, the lack of developed transport and pedestrian communications and unhindered access for all categories of citizens. The dendrological park needs a reconstruction of the landscape organisation and functional zoning of the territory; for this object, the problem of popularization among the cityβs residents is also relevant in the course of the analysis of specialized landscape objects of Novosibirsk, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, the Central Park, the Novosibirsk Zoo named after N.N. R.A. Awl. However, none of them fully meets all the necessary criteria. Reconstruction of varying degrees is required for each facility, considering social trends and modern processes.ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ (Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄, ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ, ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ ΠΈΠΌ. Π .Π. Π¨ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ). ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄, Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ, ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ ΠΈΠΌ. Π .Π. Π¨ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ. Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
Benzothiazinones kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis by blocking arabinan synthesis
New drugs are required to counter the tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of 1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones (BTZs), a new class of antimycobacterial agents that kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, ex vivo, and in mouse models of TB. Using genetics and biochemistry, we identified the enzyme decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-d-ribose 2'-epimerase as a major BTZ target. Inhibition of this enzymatic activity abolishes the formation of decaprenylphosphoryl arabinose, a key precursor that is required for the synthesis of the cell-wall arabinans, thus provoking cell lysis and bacterial death. The most advanced compound, BTZ043, is a candidate for inclusion in combination therapies for both drug-sensitive and extensively drug-resistant TB
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°
The ecological and biological characteristics of woody plants growing in the most popular squares of the Novosibirsk city (Teatralny, Pervomaisky, and Slavy square) have been investigated. 73 species of woody plants have been recorded. 13 of them are common to three landscape objects. Ornamental garden forms of woody plants are found separately (13 intraspecific forms, hybrids and varieties of woody plants). Some species of molded plants that are not suitable for landscaping public urban space due to their low winter hardiness were recorded. The greatest species diversity is distinguished by the green spaces of the Slavy square. The correlation between the place of growth and the vital state of plants has not been found. Plants on the objects are in satisfactory vital condition. Species in an unsatisfactory condition are found singly. Shrubs (49% of the total) and trees of the first and second sizes (32%) predominate in terms of life forms. The plantations contain species of natural flora of the Novosibirsk region and introduced plants from other geographic regions (27 and 73%, respectively). Among the introduced plants, species with a wide Eurasian type of area prevail. Analysis of the history of the creation and reconstruction of landscape objects showed that the assortment of plants on the territory of Pervomaisky Square has changed to a greater extent, the species composition of plants in the Teatralny Square has changed insignificantly. To form a better spatial structure of landscape objects, we recommend to increase the species and form diversity of plantings by introduction of plants of various life forms and species that have passed introductory tests in local climatic conditions. This will provide the creation of landscapes and landscape compositions of various expressiveness and to form a comfortable environment for the rest of the citizens.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π’Π΅Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Ρ Π‘Π»Π°Π²Ρ). ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 73 Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
13 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ (13 Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π‘Π»Π°Π²Ρ. ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ (49 % ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°) ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ (32 %). Π Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² (27 ΠΈ 73% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π’Π΅Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ·Π°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π½
Relevant Issues of Epidemiological Safety Provision as Regards Natural-Focal Infections during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi
The paper contains the data on the morbidity rates as regards natural-focal infectious diseases and results of epizootiological monitoring in the locality of the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games-2014 in Sochi. It is demonstrated that the significant ones in the infectious disease incidence chart are hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Ixodidae tick-borne borrelioses, pseudotuberculosis, intestinal yersiniosis, leptospiroses, rabies, rickettsiosis, and tularemia. Represented are the data on the peculiarities of a number of regional pathogenic strains. Noted is fact that complex activities, which were carried out by the agencies and institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor, Krasnodar Territory and Sochi resort-town Administration, allowed for the stabilization of the situation on natural-focal infections
Comparison of Approaches to Stability Testing of Medicines in the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union
Stability testing gives necessary data on the effect of such factors as temperature, light, humidity, etc. on the medicinal product quality. The results of these studies help to select suitable primary and secondary packaging and to determine storage conditions and shelf life for the product. The aim of this study was to compare current requirements for stability testing of medicinal products in the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The study covered stability testing of small-molecule medicines. The paper describes evolution of approaches to stability testing in the Russian Federation. It summarises the main differences in basic requirements for stability testing as stipulated in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph.Β Rus.) XIII edition, Ph.Β Rus. XIV edition, and EAEU regulations. The study demonstrated that the Russian Federation lacks regulations containing specific requirements for stability testing performed to support variations to marketing authorisation documentation. The Ph.Β Rus. XIV edition does not specify the extent of stability testing to be performed after switching to another manufacturer of the active ingredient or introduction into operation of a new manufacturing site where the medicinal product will be produced. At the same time, the EAEU regulatory documents contain requirements for stability testing for each type of the most frequent variations to marketing authorisation documentation. The study demonstrated the continuing relevance of bringing the Russian regulations on stability testing in line with those of the EAEU
UNIVERSAL METHOD OF DETERMINING BROMIDES IN RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS FORMED IN MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION
This article presents a method of determining bromides in substances that also contain significant quantities of chlorine ions. This problem has become particularly important in analyzing magnesium electrolytes (carnallites, bischofite, etc.) Detecting a halide in a substance that consists mainly of other types of compounds is always a challenging analytical problem. The main method used commercially to produce magnesium is the electrolysis of a molten mixture of the nonaqueous chlorides MgCl 2 , KCl, and NaCl. The melt is obtained using dewatered carnallite or bischofite. Manufacturers also use magnesium chloride MgCl 2 obtained either as a product of the chlorination of magnesium oxide MgO or a by-product of titanium production (here, highly pure MgCl 2 is obtained as a result of the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by magnesium). The electrolysis temperature is 700-720Β°C and the process is carried out with graphite anodes and steel cathodes [1]. In practice, the choice of electrolyte is very important. The choice is made on the basis of the melts or solid salts fed into the electrolysis bath and the feed rate, which in turn depends on the concentration of MgCl 2 in the electrolyt