Combinatorial formulas for Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials with respect to W-graph ideals

In \cite{y1} Yin generalized the definition of $W$-graph ideal $E_J$ in weighted Coxeter groups and introduced the weighted Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials $\left \{ P_{x,y} \mid x,y\in E_J\right \}$, where $J$ is a subset of simple generators $S$. In this paper, we study the combinatorial formulas for those polynomials, which extend the results of Deodhar \cite{v3} and Tagawa \cite{h1}.Comment: 16 page

Power minimization based robust OFDM radar waveform design for radar and communication systems in coexistence.

This paper considers the problem of power minimization based robust orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar waveform design, in which the radar coexists with a communication system in the same frequency band. Recognizing that the precise characteristics of target spectra are impossible to capture in practice, it is assumed that the target spectra lie in uncertainty sets bounded by known upper and lower bounds. Based on this uncertainty model, three different power minimization based robust radar waveform design criteria are proposed to minimize the worst-case radar transmitted power by optimizing the OFDM radar waveform, which are constrained by a specified mutual information (MI) requirement for target characterization and a minimum capacity threshold for communication system. These criteria differ in the way the communication signals scattered off the target are considered: (i) as useful energy, (ii) as interference or (iii) ignored altogether at the radar receiver. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the radar transmitted power can be efficiently reduced by exploiting the communication signals scattered off the target at the radar receiver. It is also shown that the robust waveforms bound the worst-case power-saving performance of radar system for any target spectra in the uncertainty sets

Paradiplomacy of Regions: Cases of Burgundy and Central Bohemia Region

Diploma thesis "Paradiplomacy of regions, cases of Burgundy and Central Bohemia Region" deals with "foreign policy of non-central actors" and the possibilities for regions how to enforce their interest on international level. Key research questions are: What makes regions act abroad, what are the reasons for activities abroad? What is the role of Europeanization and internationalization in the process of development of local actors involved in regional foreign activities? Who is engaged in formulation of regional interests and who is responsible for implementation of regional international strategy? Is there a broader consensus among regional actors on the way how to develop foreign activities? Is the main motor of activity local administration or private sphere? What are the possibilities for action on international level with regard to regional competencies? First, there are examined main features of foreign strategies of regions in question. Then we analyze tools developed for implementation of those strategies. How are the strategies implemented, are they successful? Finally we define main future challenges for action of regions abroad. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org

Application of LAMP in snails samples: <i>Biompha</i>-LAMP analysis.

<p>(A) and (B) Analysis of snails before cercarial shedding at different days post-exposure to 9 miracidia each using a commercial kit or the heat NaOH extraction method for DNA obtaining, respectively. Lanes M, 50 bp DNA ladder (Molecular weight marker XIII, Roche); lane Sm, <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> DNA (1 ng); lanes Bni, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> DNA non infected; Lanes 1–7, 14, 21 and 28, days post-exposure to miracidia; lanes Bcs, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> DNA with cercarial shedding; lanes N: negative control (no DNA template). (C) and (D) Analysis of snails exposed to one or four miracidia at 24h post-exposure using a commercial kit or the heat NaOH extraction method, respectively. Lanes M, 50 bp DNA ladder (Molecular weight marker XIII, Roche); lanes Sm, <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> DNA (1 ng); lanes Mir; DNA obtained from one miracidium; lanes Bni, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> DNA non infected; lanes 1Mir and 4Mir, DNA obtained from snails exposed to one or 4 miracidia, respectively; lanes Bcs, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> DNA with cercarial shedding; lanes N: negative control (no DNA template). (E) and (F) Analysis of pooled samples containing snails previously exposed to 1 miracidium or with confirmed cercarial shedding, respectively, using the heat NaOH extraction method. Lanes M, 50 bp DNA ladder (Molecular weight marker XIII, Roche); lanes Sm, <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> DNA (1 ng); lanes Bni, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> DNA non infected; lanes 5, 10 and 20, DNA obtained from pooled samples containing one snail exposed to 1 miracidium or with confirmed cercarial shedding together with 5, 10 or 20 uninfected snails; lanes Bcs, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i> DNA with cercarial shedding; lanes N: negative control (no DNA template).</p

Scheme of experimentally infected snails in this study.

<p>(A) Prepatent period. (B) Light infections. (C) Pooled samples. Kit and NaOH, indicate the commercial kit or the heat NaOH extraction method for DNA obtaining, respectively. Number or snails used in each infection, exposition of snails to miracidium/miracidia, snails showing cercarial shedding and sacrificed days post-exposure are indicated by a text in figure.</p

The microarray was validated with PCR reactions.

<p>(A) PCR amplification from liver RNA samples for the selected genes at time t0 (before any treatment). (B) PCR amplification at t21 (21 days after oral infection of mice with <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> metacercariae). Three up-regulated genes and three down-regulated genes were randomly chosen for PCR amplification. The corresponding PCR for each gene was performed using each biological sample obtained at t0 and t21. The results are representative of three individual experiments. MWM: molecular weight marker.</p

Genes associated with pathways related to degradation, biosynthesis and signaling.

<p>Only those genes with both a p-value < 0.05 and a fold change ± 2 are included. Genes in this analysis belong to the comparison between t0 (uninfected mice) and t21 (mice infected and necropsied at 21 days after infection).</p><p>Genes associated with pathways related to degradation, biosynthesis and signaling.</p

Representative canonical pathways study using the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) tool.

<p>(A) A comparison of the numbers of pathways that are statistically significant is shown for each point (t7 vs t21 and t0 vs t21). (B) The numbers of genes that are differentially expressed in each of the pathways are depicted for t7 vs t21 and (C) t0 vs t21. Down-regulation is shown in green and up-regulation in red.</p

Genes involved in causing damage and liver necrosis according to the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool.

<p>The fold change and significance of each gene are also shown. Regulated genes correspond to the comparison between t0 (uninfected mice) <i>vs</i> t21 (mice infected and necropsied at 21 days post-infection).</p><p>Genes involved in causing damage and liver necrosis according to the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool.</p

Gene Expression Profile in the Liver of BALB/c Mice Infected with <i>Fasciola hepatica</i>

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection still remains one of the helminthic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It has a huge worldwide distribution, affecting mainly cattle and, sometimes, human beings. In addition to data reported about the immunological response induced by helminthic infections and that induced by <i>Fasciola hepatica</i>, little is known about the gene expression profile in its organ target, the liver, which is where adult worms are established and live for long periods of time, causing its characteristic pathology. In the present work, we study both the early and late gene expression profiles in the livers of mice infected with <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> metacercariae using a microarray-based methodology.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>A total of 9 female-6-week-old BALB/c mice (Charles River Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) weighing 20 to 35 g were used for the experiments. Two groups of BALB/c mice were orally infected with seven <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> metacercariae, and the other group remained untreated and served as a control. Mice were humanely euthanized and necropsied for liver recovery, histological assessment of hepatic damage, RNA isolation, microarray design and gene expression analysis on the day of infection (t0), seven days post-infection (t7) and twenty-one days post-infection (t21).</p><p>Results</p><p>We found that <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> infection induces the differential expression of 128 genes in the liver in the early stage of infection and 308 genes in the late stage, and most of them are up-regulated. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed significant changes in the pathways related to metabolism, biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes implicated in inducing liver-toxicity, injury and death.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The present study provides us insights at the molecular level about the underlying mechanisms used by <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i>, leading to liver damage and its subsequent pathophysiology. The expression pattern obtained here could also be used to explain the lack of association between infection with <i>F</i>. <i>hepatica</i> and cholangiocarcinoma. However, more studies should be performed to confirm this hypothesis.</p></div