Anadolu’daki Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) ailesinin genetik analizi

We tested the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene-based (1065 bp.) phylogeny and genetic diversity of tooth-carp fish (Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949), many of which are endemic, with a very high species diversity in Anatolia. A total of 107 individuals were studied from 29 stations belonging to 19 Aphaniid species and forty-four haplotypes were identified, all of which were species-specific. The phylogenetic relationships generated by neighbor joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods are fully compatible with each other. The generally well supported phylogenetic tree results and genetic distance results supported a structure divided into four lineages corresponding to four genera (Anatolichthys, Paraphanius, Aphanius, and Kosswigichthys). The genetic distance between these four lineages indicated a significant value ranging from 16.6% (between Aphanius and Anatolichthys) to 23.1% (between Aphanius and Paraphanius). Interspecies genetic distances ranged from 1.9% (between P. boulengeri and P. similis) to 24.52% (between A. villwocki and P. mentoides), except for two interspecies distances (A. fontinalis – A. sureyanus, 0.13% and A. maeandricus – A. irregularis, 0.57%). Our results agree with previous studies of the Anatolian Aphaniidae family, which showed a diversification pattern shaped by Pliocene orogenic events. The present results indicate that mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences are effective for Aphaniidae species identification and phylogenetic analysisAnadolu'da çok yüksek tür çeşitliliğine sahip, çoğu endemik olan dişli sazancık balıklarının (Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949) mitokondri DNA sitokrom b genine (1065 bç.) dayalı filogenisini ve genetik çeşitliliğini test ettik. 19 Aphaniid türüne ait 29 istasyondan toplam 107 örnek incelendi ve türe özgü olan 44 haplotip tanımlandı. Komşu birleştirme, maksimum olabilirlik ve maksimum tutumluluk yöntemleriyle oluşturulan filogenetik ilişkiler birbiriyle tam uyumlu sonuçlar verdi. Genel olarak iyi desteklenen filogenetik ağaç sonuçları ve genetik uzaklık sonuçları, dört cinse (Anatolichthys, Paraphanius, Aphanius, and Kosswigichthys) karşılık gelen dört soydan oluşan bir yapıyı destekledi. Bu dört soy grubu arasındaki genetik mesafe %16,6 (Aphanius ve Anatolichthys) ile %23,1 (Aphanius ve Paraphanius) arasında değişen ciddi bir değer gösterdi. Türler arası genetik mesafeler iki tür grubu (A. fontinalis – A. sureyanus: %0.1 ve A. maeandricus – A. irregularis: %0.6) dışında %2.8 (P. boulengeri ve P.similis) ile %24.5 arasında (A. villwocki ile P. mentoides) arasında değişmektedir. Sonuçlarımız aynı zamanda, Pliyosen orojenik olaylarıyla şekillenen bir çeşitlenme modeli gösteren Anadolu Aphaniidae familyasının önceki çalışmalarıyla da uyumludur. Mevcut sonuçlar, mitokondriyal DNA sitokrom b gen dizilerinin Aphaniidae türlerinin tanımlanması ve filogenetik analizi için etkili olduğunu göstermektedir

Genetic diversity and population structure of Tarek (Alburnus tarichi), an endemic species to the Lake Van basin, Turkey

In this study, the genetic relationships of 804 tarek (Alburnus tarichi) samples from a total of 18 populations, including the potamodromus and resident individuals from Lake Van basin in eastern Turkey, were studied by using nine microsatellite loci. A total of 93 alleles was detected, and the average number of alleles per locus was 10.3 ± 3.39. The mean estimated observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.340 ± 0.016 and 0.362 ± 0.015, respectively, which indicated a low level of polymorphism. After Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0027), the multi-locus test applied to each population revealed that 12 out of 18 populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P = 0.0120–0.9981). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed more than 76% genetic variability within individuals and 19% among populations, which was significantly higher than zero (FST = 0.19), and furthermore, a low level of genetic variation was observed among individuals within populations (4.84%: FIS = 0.06). Bayesian clustering analysis indicated that the total genetic variation grouped into 3 clusters. Additionally, the significance test results revealed that 11 of the 18 populations are threatened with extinction due to recent bottleneck events.We conclude that the tarek populations from the Lake Van basin can be classified into distinct genetic groups, based on microsatellite information. In addition, our results provide essential information for the development of a management plan that conserves the tarek's genetic diversity and achieves a sustainable fishery

Multilocus Phylogeny of the Family Sparidae in Turkish Coastal Waters Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Abstract: Seabreams are among the most valuable fish species and consist of approximately 141 species in 33 genera that are largely distributed in tropical and temperate coastal waters. We analyzed a 3562 bp region of the four mitochondrial regions (16S rDNA, COI, Cyt b genes and control region) of 22 seabream species identified for Turkish coastal waters to clarify their genus and subfamily level their relationships. The phylogenetic trees constructed using four different methods (NJ, MP, ML and BI) showed monophyly of the family Sparidae with paraphyletic their subfamilies. Based on genetic data, the sparids in Turkish coastal waters are divided into two major groups that contradicts the previous taxonomic hypothesis. The obtained phylogenetic structure does not confirm the presence of subfamilies within Sparidae. Therefore, the unifying characters supporting the existence of these subfamilies within the Sparidae should be investigated. It should be necessary to reconstruct phylogeny between genera within Sparidae.Mercan balıkları en değerli balık türleri arasında olup tropik ve sıcak kıyısal sularda geniş dağılım gösteren 33 genusa ait yaklaşık 141 türden oluşmaktadır. Sparidae içindeki genus ve alt familya ilişkilerini izah edebilmek için Türkiye kıyı suları için tanımlanan 22 mercan türünün dört mitokondri DNA bölgesi (16S rDNA, COI, Cyt b genleri ve kontrol bölgesi)’nin 3562 bç’lik bölgesi analiz edilmiştir. Dört farklı metot (NJ, MP, ML ve BI) kullanılarak oluşturulan filogenetik ağaçlar parafiletik alt familyalara sahip Sparidae familyasının monofilisini göstermiştir. Genetik verilere dayalı olarak Türkiye kıyısal sularındaki sparid türleri, daha önceki taksonomik hipotezlerin aksine iki ana haplogruba ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen filogenetik ağaçlar Sparidae familyası içindeki alt familyaların varlığını desteklememektedir. Bu nedenle morfometrik tekniklerle belirlenen alt familya düzeyinde yapılanmayı destekleyecek ve bu gruplar içinde tutarlı olacak birleştirici karakterler araştırılmalıdır. Sparidae familyası içindeki genuslar arasındaki filogeni yeniden oluşturulmalıdır

The phylogenetic position of Turkish populations within the European Bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae)

BELDUZ, Ali Osman/0000-0003-2240-7568; Bektas, Yusuf/0000-0002-8367-9746WOS: 000319189700007The partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1047 bp) was analysed in order to clarify the phylogenetic position of Turkish populations within the European Bitterling, Rhodeus amarus. 17 haplotypes were identified from the 57 individuals representing 4 different localities in Thrace Region, the south Marmara basin and the north-central Black Sea coast of Anatolia. Median-joining network and phylogenetic trees (MP, ML, and BI) revealed that Turkish haplotypes constitute a monophyletic unit containing three main haplogroups and accumulated with eastern lineages of the European Bitterling. the results presented in this study suggest that Anatolian haplotypes should be exhaustively evaluated at the lineage level and related to the three separate Anatolian groups identified within the European Bitterling, which probably originated in the Middle Pleistocene.Karadeniz Technical UniversityKaradeniz Technical University [2006.111.04.1]We would like to thank the Scientific Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University (Project No: 2006.111.04.1) for financial support

FIGURE 2 in Salmo tigridis, a new species of trout from the Tigris River, Turkey (Teleostei: Salmonidae)

FIGURE 2. Distribution of named Salmo species in Anatolia

School culture and academic achievement of students: Ameta-analysis study

The relationship between school culture and academic achievement was tested through meta- analysis in this paper. 54 studies of which only 25 can be included to the meta- analysis were examined in literature review. Through this paper, sample group of 20287 people was formed by gathering 25 independent studies. Based on the findings of analysis which were made by using random effects model, there were no publication bias in the obtained data and it was confirmed that school culture had a statistically significant effect on students’ academic achievement

Description of two new species of the genus Gobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Black Sea coast of Turkey

Bektas, Yusuf/0000-0002-8367-9746; AKSU, ISMAIL/0000-0002-2104-9888WOS: 000377050500003The systematics of the genus Gobio, especially of the populations on the southern Black Sea coast, seems to be still far from being resolved. Seven species were recorded from the northern Black Sea coast while three species were recognized from the southern Black Sea coast. We examined in total 43 specimens from Kizilirmak River (southern Black Sea basin), 80 specimens from Coruh River (the Western Caucasus of the Black Sea basin), 14 specimens from Rioni River (the Western Caucasus of the Black Sea basin), and 6 specimens from Kherota and Shakhe Rivers (the Western Caucasus of the Black Sea basin). Based on an analysis of 32 metric and 5 meristic data as well as the number of vertebrae, we concluded that the Kizilirmak and Coruh populations are two distinct, unnamed species, and we describe them here as Gobio kizilirmakensis from the Kizilirmak River and G. artvinicus from the Coruh River