Prevalence, Correction Coverage, Unmet Need and Impact on the Quality of Life of Presbyopia among Market Traders in Ibadan, Nigeria

Presbyopia is an age-related condition that results from the gradual decline in accommodation leading to inability to focus at near distances. This study sought to determine the prevalence, correction coverage, unmet need and impact on the quality of life of presbyopia among Bodija market traders in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted on 314 participants aged 35 years and older selected by a non-probability sampling method. Their near vision was tested and corrected to the nearest diopter. Presbyopia was defined as being able to read the N8 optotype at a distance of 40 cm after correction with plus lens of at least one diopter. The prevalence of presbyopia was 46.8% (95% CI: 41.20, 52.5). The prevalence was significantly higher in those aged 50 years or more (95% CI: 2.98, 7.77), in females (95% CI: 1.45, 3.64) and in individuals with no formal education (95%CI: 3.32, 10.91). The presbyopia correction coverage was 29.9% and unmet need was = 70.1%. The major barriers reported as reasons for not obtaining near vision spectacles were lack of money and spectacles not being a priority. Presbyopes reported more difficulty with near work (p<0.001). The prevalence of presbyopia in Bodija market is relatively low compared to other reports with major risk factors being increasing age, female gender and no formal education. Presbyopia correction coverage is low with high unmet need it is important to create awareness and provide affordable and accessible near vision spectacles for those in need

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Visual Outcome Of Traumatic Cataract Surgery In Ibadan, Nigeria

To review the visual outcome of traumatic cataracts operated at the University College Hospital, Ibadanwith the view to making recommendations for improved outcome. All patients operated at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria between May 1999 and April 2004with traumatic cataractwere reviewed retrospectively to determine visual outcome andmain causes of poor visual outcome 6/18, 10 (32.2%) < 6/18-3/60,while 32.2%of the cases reviewed remained blind or had visio

Cystercercus Larva in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye of a 7- year-old Nigerian Girl

The case of a 7 year old Nigerian girl with features of traumatic uveitis which was later found to have anterior chamber cestode larva infestation is presented. Though uncommon, ocular cestode larva infestation should be considered when children present with features of ocular inflammation

Suppurative Keratitis in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Purpose: Microbial keratitis is a potentially vision threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent untoward outcome. This study describes the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and microbiological features of patients diagnosed with suppurative keratitis between April 2005 and May 2006 in the University College Hospital lbadan, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of case notes of patients who presented with suppurative keratitis between April 2005 and May 2006 was done. The outcome measures were: interval between onset and presentation, aetiology of keratitis, extent of corneal involvement and final visual acuity. Results: There were 23 (65.7%) males and 12 (34.3%) females. The mean age was 32.8&plusmn;18.64. A positive history of trauma was present in 48% of patients. In 6% of the patients, the predisposing factor was severe allergic conjunctivitis. The presenting visual acuity was &lt;6/60 in 66% of the patients, &lt;6/18&mdash;6/60 in 14%, and 6/6-6/18 in 17% of the patients. At discharge, 40% had a visual acuity of 6/6-6/18, 15% had borderline vision (&lt;6/18-6/60), 40% had severe visual impairment (&lt;6/60), while 5% had no light perception. The most common organisms isolated microbiologically were Staphylococcus aureus in 28.6%, Streptococus pneumoniae in 8.6%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2.9%. The risk factors for poor visual outcome were late presentation, farming, stromal thinning and large corneal involvement. Conclusion: Bacteria is responsible for most cases of suppurative keratitis in a developing country like Nigeria and the risk for poor visual outcome includes late presentation, farming, stromal thinning and large corneal involvement.Key words: cornea, suppurative keratitis, visual outcom

THE IMPACT OF PALM OIL ON THE COMBINATION OF BLOOD MEAL AND WHEAT BRAN IN DIET FOR BROILER FINISHER

An experiment was carried out to find out the impact of palm oil on the combination of blood meal and wheat bran in the diet for broiler finisher. Five diets made up of a control (32%crude protein) formulated from blood meal, wheat bran, palm oil(5%), soya bean cake (15%), bone meal (2%), vitamin/ trace mineral premix (0.25%) salt (0.4%), and dl – methionine (0.35) and four others with the fraction of wheat bran and blood meal in the control made out in the ratios 2:1 and 1:1 of fresh cattle blood and wheat bran( mixed with the palm oil and dried immediately as diets 2 and 3 and 24 hours after as diets 4 and 5 respectively), were fed to 30 Anak broiler finishers at four weeks old and 0.60 – 0.71kg average initial weight in 10 compartments as 5 treatments and 2 replicates each in a completely randomized design, for 5 weeks. The result showed that Average feed intake was higher in treatments 1 – 3 (8.43, 9.39 and 8.15kg) than diets 4 and 5(6.67 and 6.54kg), respectively (p< 0.05). Final average body weights attained were the same (2.58, 2.27, 2.3, 2.41 and 2.32 kg) for the control and treatments 2 to 5, respectively, (p> 0.05). Average weight gain followed the same trend (1.77, 1.57, 1.69, 1.70 and 1.66kg) for all five treatments, leading to superior feed conversion ratio (FCR) in treatments 4 and 5(3.93 and 3.95) than in treatments 1 – 3(4.71, 5.34 and 4.82) respectively, ( p< 0.05). Broiler breast (keel ) weights obtained for all five treatments (0.56, 0.54, 0.63, 0.56 and 0.62kg) were not significantly different (p> 0.05). Liver weights were higher for the control (93.5g) followed by treatment 2 (75.00g) than 3 – 5 (52.25, 46.80 and 53.12g) respectively, (p<0.05). Abdominal fat content was generally low with the least value in the control and treatment 4 (0.00 and 3.00g with 0.00 and 0.12% of average body weight), followed by treatments 3 and 5 (12.50 and 18.00g with 0.57 and 0.78% of average body weight) and treatment 2 (28.00g with 1.23% of average body weight) respectively, ( p< 0.05 ). In conclusion, the use of a low energy carbohydrate source such as wheat bran in combination with a high protein source such as blood meal( processed or fresh, rate of combination not withstanding) and palm oil , results in good growth of broiler finisher and very low abdominal fat content

Visual Outcome after Small Incision Cataract Surgery in Southwestern Nigeria

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the visual outcome of patients who had manual small incision cataract surgery in a high volume secondary eye hospital in southwestern Nigeria, and to identify reasons for poor outcome. Methodology: This is an observational descriptive, longitudinal study of consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery at St Mary&rsquo;s Catholic Eye Hospital, Ago Iwoye (SMEH) Nigeria conducted between May and October 2007. A total of 146 patients who presented to the hospital and met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Patients were examined preoperatively, 1st day and 8th week post-operatively. Results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Significant association was taken at 95% confidence interval i.e. &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 146 patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied. The mean age was 65.3&plusmn;10.04 years; and the male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Preoperatively, 110 patients (75.3%) were blind in the operated eye, while 33 patients (22.6%) were blind in both eyes at presentation. At 1st day post-operatively, 17 patients (11.6%) had pinhole visual acuity of 6/6-6/18. Out of 137 patients that had refraction, 114 patients (83.2%) had a visual acuity of 6/6-6/18. The number of blind patients also reduced from 33 (22.6%) to 1(0.7%). Uncorrected refractive error was the commonest cause of poor vision post-operatively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that good results can be obtained with small incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation in the developing world. Increasing cataract surgery with IOL implantation should reduce the number of eyes with poor functional vision after cataract surgery.Key words: cataract, cataract surgery, visual outcom

Visual outcome after cataract surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the visual outcome of patients who had cataract surgery in the University College Hospital Ibadan. Methodology: This is an observational descriptive, longitudinal study of consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery at the University College Hospital conducted between May and October 2007. A total of 184 patients who presented to the hospital and met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Patients were examined preoperatively, 1st day postoperatively and 8th week postoperatively. Results: The mean age was 66.5 years; and the male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Preoperatively, 137 patients (74.5%) were blind in the operated eye, while 39 patients (23.6%) were blind in both eyes at presentation. At 1st day postoperatively, 87 patients (47.3%) had pinhole visual acuity of 6/6-6/18. Best corrected vision after refraction eight weeks postoperatively showed that 127 patients out of 161 patients (78.8%) had good vision while 28 patients (17.4%) had borderline vision, and six patients (3.8%) had severe visual impairment after refraction. The number of bilaterally blind patients also reduced from 39 (23.6%) to one (0.6%). Uncorrected refractive error was the commonest cause of poor vision prior to refraction. Glaucoma was the commonest ocular co-morbidity accounting for poor vision in 9.1% of patients eight weeks after cataract surgery. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that good results can be obtained with cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in the developing world. More attention should be directed towards ensuring that successful outcomes are indeed being realized by continued monitoring of postoperative visual outcomes and prompt refraction for all patients.Keywords: Cataract, Visual outcome, Cataract surger

Growth enhancement potential of Mucuna pruriens utilis on the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

The growth enhancement potential of Mucuna pruriens utilis on the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), was investigated in eight weeks feeding trials in concrete tanks at the African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Aluu. Three isonitrogenous diets were fed to three sets of fingerlings of the fish with full fat soya bean diet(D1) serving as the Control. The initial average fish weight was 1.45 ~c 0.12 and the final average fish weight was 5.67 ~c 1.46. Crude protein, ash and nitrogen free extract of the carcasses were significantly different (P>0.05) from the control specimens. The average weight gains were 3.85g, 3.54g and 3.42g for fish fed 'full fat' Soya bean based diet(Control), fermented Mucuna seed diet(D2) and unfermented Mucuna seed diets (D3) respectively. Average apparent food consumed was in the order D2 >D1 > D3. Fish fed fermented Mucuna seed diet (D2) had the highest food conversion ratio of 1.51 followed by fish fed with the control diet (D1) 1.22 and fish fed unfermented Mucuna seed diets (D3) 1.19. Unfermented Mucuna seed diet had the highest food conversion efficiency (0.84) followed by full fat Soya bean based diet(Control) 0.82 and the least was the fermented Mucuna seed diet (0.66). The results of this study indicate that unfermented Mucuna diet can conveniently replace Soya bean based diet without significantly affecting growth

Squamous papillomas of the conjunctiva: A retrospective clinicopathological study

Background: There is very limited literature on squamous papillomas of the conjunctiva from Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. In an attempt to contribute to the literature on the subject, we studied the clinicopathological characteristics of patients histologically diagnosed with squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva in Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Clinical and pathological records of patients with histological diagnosis of squamous papilloma of the conjunctiva made in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 1985 and December 2004, were reviewed. Results: There were totally 26 cases. Patients&rsquo; ages ranged from 2 to 58 years with a mean age of 32 years. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Size of tumors ranged from 2 to 10 mm. Duration of presenting complaints was from 2 months to 10 years. The lesions in 10 cases were located in the medial canthus, at or close to the limbus in another 10 cases, and in the tarsal conjunctiva in a single case. Five cases had no documentation of location. Sixteen cases (61.5%) had multiple papillomas. Four cases had a history of chemical injury (alkaline based &ndash; hair relaxer in a single case, acid based &ndash; wet cell car battery fluid in two cases, and unknown chemical in a single case) preceding the lesion by at least 6 weeks. Fourteen cases had koilocytosis on histology suggestive of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) etiology. HIV screening test was negative in the three patients who had the screening done. Preoperative clinical diagnosis was squamous papilloma in 16 cases, pterygium in 6 cases and squamous cell carcinoma in 2 cases. Conclusion: In the environment where we practice, conjunctival squamous papilloma occurs most commonly in the fourth decade of life. Only very few cases are submitted for histological diagnosis. HPV infection and chemical injury are the main etiology. We strongly advocate that all excisions of the conjunctiva, irrespective of the clinical impression, should be submitted routinely for histological assessment.Keywords: Squamous, papillomas, conjunctivaNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice &bull; Jan-Mar 2012 &bull; Vol 15 &bull; Issue