NUCLEAR ENERGY PRODUCTION IN JORDAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS

Energy and Water are two words that overburden the world policies and people lives. Its availability is essential for the development of nations and enhancement of their life standards. Jordan is a country that imports 98% of its energy from outside. The variation of the fuel prices and the instabilities in the region exhausted the country’s economy. Citizens are almost shouting from the high prices and the dramatic drop in the living standards. In this study, the nuclear energy production option is selected to be analyzed from its opportunities and threats to the country. It has been found that nuclear reactors are a must for countries which have a large population with few natural resources. Nuclear reactors are rarely exploding, but if it does; its radiation effects on people are full catastrophe. Nevertheless, Jordan has a large area per capita with a very high insolation; Jordan has a high potential of solar power plants construction in its different regions, which is a green save energy. This energy is capable of solving Jordan electric needs and put Jordan in the level of developed countries with high human development indices

NUCLEAR ENERGY PRODUCTION IN JORDAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS

Energy and Water are two words that overburden the world policies and people lives. Its availability is essential for the development of nations and enhancement of their life standards. Jordan is a country that imports 98% of its energy from outside. The variation of the fuel prices and the instabilities in the region exhausted the country’s economy. Citizens are almost shouting from the high prices and the dramatic drop in the living standards. In this study, the nuclear energy production option is selected to be analyzed from its opportunities and threats to the country. It has been found that nuclear reactors are a must for countries which have a large population with few natural resources. Nuclear reactors are rarely exploding, but if it does; its radiation effects on people are full catastrophe. Nevertheless, Jordan has a large area per capita with a very high insolation; Jordan has a high potential of solar power plants construction in its different regions, which is a green save energy. This energy is capable of solving Jordan electric needs and put Jordan in the level of developed countries with high human development indices

Hierarchical Risk Communication Management Framework for Construction Projects

Risk, as an effect of uncertainty, is associated with every human activity. Like any other industry, construction companies are eager to reduce the uncertainty of reluctant events. A well-planned risk communication system could contribute to the success of a construction project. A proper announcement protocol could be a mitigating lever for identified or unidentified risks during planning and monitoring processes. This research aims to present a risk communication management system (RCMS) for construction companies involved in large projects. The proposed model includes a step-by-step communication procedure considering the authority level within the organisational hierarchical structure. The model aims to remove the ambiguity of risk communications during the construction process under uncertain conditions. It leaves no or little room for the emergence of unplanned risks. The proposed communication structure has been implemented in GRC cladding construction projects, and the risk communication time and response have been significantly improved

Effect of Liquid Saturated Porous Medium on Heat Transfer from Thermoelectric Generator

Low-temperature heat sources are widely available in nature, they are considered to be unusable, even though the conversion of such low-grade energy into electricity (high-grade energy) is highly desirable. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are achieving increasing interest in converting low temperature heat into electricity. TEG suffers from low performance, improving the performance of TEG will allow there use in huge engineering applications. In this paper the effect of heat transfer rate on the performance of TEGs will be analysed under both steady and transient conditions. Enhancing heat transfer from the TEG surface will be studied using a liquid saturated porous medium. Aluminium and copper particles are used and their influences are compared to forced convection heat transfer from TEG surfaces with and without liquids. The experimental results showed that power generated with Cu particles exceeds that of Al particles with 14%. The free to forced convection power generation ratio was 26.5% for Al,36% for Cu and the enhancement of TEG performance reached 149% for liquid saturated Cu particles.The authors are appreciative of the financial support provided by Applied Science Private University and Tafila Technical University, Jordan. Authors are grateful to Zaytoonah University of Jordan, for the financial support granted to this research

Free convection flow of Newtonian fluid along a vertical plate embedded in a double layer porous medium

Porous medium has got a great interest especially in the recent years, for its wide application in geophysics, petroleum, and air conditioning. Many studies related to porous medium were performed, and most of them are dealing with constant porosity. For the act: that porosity is non-uniform, a great concern has been directed toward the variable porosity studies. In this study, the effects of a double layer porous medium on the free convection along vertical plate embedded in this porous medium were investigated. The governing partial nonlinear differential equations were transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations, which have been solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results are obtained for different layer permeability K, and layer length, L. One case is compared with the previous study, and the result is found to be in good agreement with the result of previous study. Results show that permeability ratios greater than one tend to increase in Nusselt number, and it is valuable to use a high permeability ratio layer in the range of 0.2 eta to get higher heat transfer rate instead of using constant permeability medium