4,860 research outputs found
Inclusion Polymerization and Doping in Zeolite Channels. Polyaniline
Aniline has been polymerized in the three-dimensional channel system of zeolite Y. The monomer was diffused into zeolites with different levels of acidity from hexane solution. Subsequent admission of peroxydisulfate or iodate from aqueous solution yielded the intrazeolite polymers, as demonstrated by FT-IR, electronic absorption data and recovery of the included polymer. With S2O82-, the intrazeolite products are a function of the proton content of the zeolite. Polymer is only formed when a sufficient supply of protons is present in the zeolite host. When neutral iodate solution is used, no polymer is formed in NaY and acid zeolites, but at low pH aniline polymerizes in all zeolites. The open pore system of the zeolite host can be accessed by base such that the intrazeolite protonated polymer is transformed into the corresponding neutral polymer.
The polymer chains encapsulated in zeolite hosts represent a new class of low- dimensional electronic materials
Polythiophenes and oligothiophenes in zeolite hosts
The polymerization of different thiophenes in the channels of molecular sieve zeolite hosts
is described. Thiophene, 3-methyIthiophene, 2,2'-bithiophene, and terthiophene were introduced
into dehydrated proton-, Cu(II)- or Fe(III)-containing zeolites (NaY and Na-mordenite) from
organic solvents or vapor-phase. In the large-pore hosts, green-black products are formed
from the monomers within several minutes. Spectroscopic characterization (IR, UV-NIR)
confirms the formation of oxidized polymer chains in the zeolite channels. UV-Near IR reflectance
spectra of the zeolite/polythiophene samples exhibit a broad absorption from 500 to about 2500 nm
as the bulk and not the resolved spectra of short oligomers, thus fairly long polymer chains are
formed in the zeolites. Conducting polymers can be recovered after dissolution of the zeolite host
in HF. 2, 2'-bithiophene and a-terthiophene in acidic H2Y and U^Y zeolites (2 and 6 protons per
super cage/ß-cage) yield yellow-green and purple products, respectively. UV-NIR reflectance data
indicate that the acidic zeolite hosts oxidize the thiophene oligomers to yield stable radical cations
and dications in their channel systems
ESR Fine Structure of Manganese Ions in Zeolite A Detects Strong Variations of the Coordination Environment
The electron spin resonance spectra of Mn 2+ exchanged zeolite A have been investigated as a function of
the monovalent co-cation (K + ,Na + ,Li + ,Cs + ,or NH4 + ), Mn 2+ content, recording frequency, and temperature. Three
new Mn 2+ species are observed with a well-resolved fine structure; this allows for the first time a direct quantitative
determination of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters in zeolites. In hydrated zeolites, three ESR active Mn 2+
species are observed, characterized by different values for the ZFS parameter D. Species I has D ) 0.035 cm -1 .
Species II is closer to a regular octahedron, with D ) 0.010 cm -1 . Species III, with D ) 0.14 cm -1 , is in a strongly
axially distorted coordination. Species I is dominant in MnKA, MnCsA, and MnNH4A, while II and III are found
in MnNaA and MnLiA. In fully dehydrated zeolites, two species are observed. Species IV has a small hyperfine
constant A and is present in dry NaA and KA. Species V is observed in dry LiA; it has axial symmetry with a large,
temperature-dependent D. Species V probably represents Mn 2+ in a 3-fold coordination in a 6-ring. In partially
hydrated zeolites, a tetrahedral species VI is observed. The spectroscopic data elucidate the location of manganese-(
II) ions in zeolite A, particularly at relatively low metal loadings
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Anchoring strategies for bimetallic species in zeolites
We explore a new approach by introducing heterobinuclear organometallic compounds for linking catalytic functions to zeolite frameworks. With two different metals present, the complexes are being anchored to the support via one oxophilic metal, ligand exchange and catalytic reactions may proceed at the second metal center. Anchoring chemistry, thermal stability and reactivity of Me[sub 3]SnMn(CO)[sub 5] in zeolite NaY and acid forms of zeolite Y was studied with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (Sn, Mn edge EXAFS) and in-situ FTIR/TPD-MS techniques. Subsequently, the tin-cobalt complex Me[sub 3]SnCo(CO)[sub 4] has been a focus of detailed synthetic and spectroscopic studies. The reactivity of tricarbonyl (cyclopentadienyl) (trimethylstannyl) molybdenum in new mesoporous hosts has been explored. A recent development is the design of vanadium oxo species in different micro- and mesoporous hosts. These are of great interest for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia, and selective oxidation of different hydrocarbons, such as xylenes, olefines and alkanes. Combination analytical techniques used to probe local structural changes at the molecular level, include EXAFS (Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure) spectroscopy utilizing synchrotron radiation, in situ FT-IR coupled to thermodesorption/MS, UV-NIR, and CCD Raman
Correction: A low cost azomethine-based hole transporting material for perovskite photovoltaics
No abstract available
The low-field conductivity of zeolite-encapsulated molecular wires
The first measurements of an upper bound for the low-field conductivity of a molecular wire are
presented here. We were able to encapsulate polypyrrole with chain lengths more than 10 monomers
within the channels of different zeolites. Although the chains are fully oxidized by intrazeolite Fe3 +
ions, and should conduct (when included in a bulk polymer), they do not exhibit, in the zeolite,
significant ac conductivity up to 1 GHz. This suggests that other strategies than low field conductivity
are needed to inject charges and transmit information through isolated molecular wires
On the Effect of Quantum Interaction Distance on Quantum Addition Circuits
We investigate the theoretical limits of the effect of the quantum
interaction distance on the speed of exact quantum addition circuits. For this
study, we exploit graph embedding for quantum circuit analysis. We study a
logical mapping of qubits and gates of any -depth quantum adder
circuit for two -qubit registers onto a practical architecture, which limits
interaction distance to the nearest neighbors only and supports only one- and
two-qubit logical gates. Unfortunately, on the chosen -dimensional practical
architecture, we prove that the depth lower bound of any exact quantum addition
circuits is no longer , but . This
result, the first application of graph embedding to quantum circuits and
devices, provides a new tool for compiler development, emphasizes the impact of
quantum computer architecture on performance, and acts as a cautionary note
when evaluating the time performance of quantum algorithms.Comment: accepted for ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing
System
The Shaker Potassium Channel Is No Target for Xenon Anesthesia in Short-Sleeping Drosophila melanogaster Mutants
Background. Xenon seems to be an ideal anesthetic drug. To explore if next to the antagonism at the NMDA-receptor other molecular targets are involved, we tested the xenon requirement in short sleeping Drosophila shaker mutants and in na[har38]. Methods. The Drosophila melanogaster strains wildtype Canton-S, na[har38], sh102 and shmns, were raised and sleep was measured. Based on the response of the flies at different xenon concentrations, logEC50 values were calculated. Results. The logEC50-values for WT Canton-S were 1.671 (1.601–1.742 95%-confidence intervall; n = 238; P versus sh102 > 0,05), for shmns 1.711 (1.650–1.773; n = 242; P versus WT Canton-S > 0,05). The logEC50-value for sh102 was 1.594 (1.493–1.694; n = 261; P versus shmns > 0.05). The logEC-value of na[har38] was 2.076 (1.619–2.532; n = 207; P versus shmns < 0.05, versus sh102 < 0.05, versus WT Canton-S < 0.05). P values for all shaker mutants were P > 0.05, while na[har38] was found to be hyposensitive compared to wildtype (P < 0.05). Conclusions. The xenon requirement in Drosophila melanogaster is not influenced by a single gene mutation at the shaker locus, whereas a reduced expression of a nonselective cation channel leads to an increased xenon requirement. This supports the thesis that xenon mediates its effects not only via an antagonism at the NMDA-receptor
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