631 research outputs found
The Bell states in noncommutative algebraic geometry
We introduce new mathematical aspects of the Bell states using matrix
factorizations, nonnoetherian singularities, and noncommutative blowups. A
matrix factorization of a polynomial consists of two matrices
such that .
Using this notion, we show how the Bell states emerge from the separable
product of two mixtures, by defining pure states over complex matrices rather
than just the complex numbers.
We then show in an idealized algebraic setting that pure states are supported
on nonnoetherian singularities. Moreover, we find that the collapse of a Bell
state is intimately related to the representation theory of the noncommutative
blowup along its singular support. This presents an exchange in geometry: the
nonlocal commutative spacetime of the entangled state emerges from an
underlying local noncommutative spacetime.Comment: 18 pages. Previously titled "Quantum entanglement, emergence, and
noncommutative blowups
Spectroscopic Interpretation: The High Vibrations of CDBrClF
We extract the dynamics implicit in an algebraic fitted model Hamiltonian for
the deuterium chromophore's vibrational motion in the molecule CDBrClF. The
original model has 4 degrees of freedom, three positions and one representing
interbond couplings. A conserved polyad allows in a semiclassical approach the
reduction to 3 degrees of freedom. For most quantum states we can identify the
underlying motion that when quantized gives the said state. Most of the
classifications, identifications and assignments are done by visual inspection
of the already available wave function semiclassically transformed from the
number representation to a representation on the reduced dimension toroidal
configuration space corresponding to the classical action and angle variables.
The concentration of the wave function density to lower dimensional subsets
centered on idealized simple lower dimensional organizing structures and the
behavior of the phase along such organizing centers already reveals the atomic
motion. Extremely little computational work is needed.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phy
The Resonant Exchange Qubit
We introduce a solid-state qubit in which exchange interactions among
confined electrons provide both the static longitudinal field and the
oscillatory transverse field, allowing rapid and full qubit control via rf
gate-voltage pulses. We demonstrate two-axis control at a detuning sweet-spot,
where leakage due to hyperfine coupling is suppressed by the large exchange
gap. A {\pi}/2-gate time of 2.5 ns and a coherence time of 19 {\mu}s, using
multi-pulse echo, are also demonstrated. Model calculations that include
effects of hyperfine noise are in excellent quantitative agreement with
experiment
Effect of early preventive dental care on dental treatment, expenditures, and oral health among Medicaid enrolled children
Dental decay is the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood and dental care is the number one unmet healthcare need. Professional organizations are aggressively promoting a preventive dental visit by age one, but there is not strong evidence on effectiveness of early preventive dental care. The three studies in this dissertation examine the effects of the timing of a first preventive visit. The first two studies relied on data from NC Medicaid claims (1999 - 2006) and an oral health surveillance dataset to compare dental treatment, expenditures and disease status of children who had an early preventive dental visit to children who had preventive visits at older ages. The third study used a simulation model to examine the effects of alternative Medicaid policy options for the timing of the first preventive visit. We found that children who had a preventive visit by age 18 months had fewer treatments and lower expenditures than children who had a first preventive visit at age 25-36 months, but children who had a first preventive visit at age 49-60 months had less treatment than children with a visit by age 18 months. Our results indicated that children who had early preventive visits were at higher risk for disease at a very young age than children who had visits at older ages; however, they had no difference in their disease status at age five years. Further, when we expanded the definition of a preventive visit to include children who had worse oral health, children with an early preventive visit had fewer treatments and lower expenditures than children who had preventive visits at older ages. Taken together, these findings indicate that early preventive visits may be effective among children at an elevated risk for disease. The third study also found that targeting children at high risk for the age one visit was the optimal policy. These findings support the policy to promote early visits among children at higher risk for disease and allow other children to delay first visit until age three years, particularly when the supply of dentists is limited
Self-Consistent Measurement and State Tomography of an Exchange-Only Spin Qubit
We report initialization, complete electrical control, and single-shot
readout of an exchange-only spin qubit. Full control via the exchange
interaction is fast, yielding a demonstrated 75 qubit rotations in under 2 ns.
Measurement and state tomography are performed using a maximum-likelihood
estimator method, allowing decoherence, leakage out of the qubit state space,
and measurement fidelity to be quantified. The methods developed here are
generally applicable to systems with state leakage, noisy measurements, and
non-orthogonal control axes.Comment: contains Supplementary Informatio
Bisacylphosphane oxides as photo-latent cytotoxic agents and potential photo-latent anticancer drugs
Bisacylphosphane oxides (BAPOs) are established as photoinitiators for industrial applications. Light irradiation leads to their photolysis, producing radicals. Radical species induce oxidative stress in cells and may cause cell death. Hence, BAPOs may be suitable as photolatent cytotoxic agents, but such applications have not been investigated yet. Herein, we describe for the first time a potential use of BAPOs as drugs for photolatent therapy. We show that treatment of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and of breast epithelial cells MCF-10A with BAPOs and UV irradiation induces apoptosis. Cells just subjected to BAPOs or UV irradiation alone are not affected. The induction of apoptosis depend on the BAPO and the irradiation dose. We proved that radicals are the active species since cells are rescued by an antioxidant. Finally, an optimized BAPO-derivative was designed which enters the cells more efficiently and thus leads to stronger effects at lower doses
Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis in type III hyperlipidemia is modulated by variation in the Apolipoprotein A5 gene
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare lipid disorder with a frequency of 1-5 in 5000. It is characterized by the accumulation of triglyceride rich lipoproteins and patients are at increased risk of developping atherosclerosis. Type III HLP is strongly associated with the homozygous presence of the ε2 allele of the <it>APOE </it>gene.</p> <p>However only about 10% of subjects with APOE2/2 genotype develop hyperlipidemia and it is therefore assumed that further genetic and environmental factors are necessary for the expression of disease. It has recently been shown that variation in the <it>APOA5 </it>gene is one of these co-factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis in patients with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (Type III HLP) and the role of variation in the APOA5 gene as a risk factor.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>60 patients with type III hyperlipidemia and ApoE2/2 genotype were included in the study after informed consent. The presence of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis was investigated using B-mode ultra-sonography of the carotid artery. Serum lipid levels were measured by standard procedures. The APOE genotype and the 1131T > C and S19W SNPs in the APOA5 gene and the APOC3 sstI SNP were determined by restriction isotyping Allele frequencies were determined by gene counting and compared using Fisher's exact test. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann Whitney test. A p value of 0.05 or below was considered statistically significant. Analysis was performed using Statistica 7 software.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The incidence of the APOA5 SNPs, -1131T > C and S19W and the APOC3 sstI SNP were determined as a potential risk modifier. After correction for conventional risk factors, the C allele of the 1131T > C SNP in the APOA5 gene was associated with an increased risk for the development of carotid plaque in patients with Type III HLP with an odds ratio of 3.69. Evaluation of the genotype distribution was compatible with an independent effect of APOA5.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The development of atherosclerosis in patients with Type III HLP is modulated by variation in the <it>APOA5 </it>gene.</p
In-situ monitoring for CVD processes
Aiming towards process control of industrial high yield/high volume CVD reactors, the potential of optical sensors as a monitoring tool has been explored. The sensors selected are based on both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tunable diode laser spectroscopy (NIR-DLS). The former has the advantage of wide spectral capability, and well established databases. NIR-DLS spectroscopy has potentially high sensitivity, laser spatial resolution, and the benefits of comparatively easier integration capabilities-including optical fibre compatibility. The proposed technical approach for process control is characterised by a 'chemistry based' feedback system with in-situ optical data as input information. The selected optical sensors continuously analyze the gas phase near the surface of the growing layer. The spectroscopic data has been correlated with process performance and layer properties which, in turn establish data basis for process control. The new process control approach is currently being verified on different industrialised CVD coaters. One of the selected applications deals with the deposition of SnO2 layers on glass based on the oxidation of (CH3)2SnCl2, which is used in high volume production for low-E glazing
Sub-Doppler supersonic jet spectra of the coupled 6a10 and 6b10 vibronic bands of the S1(1B2u) ← S0(1A1g) transition in monodeuterobenzene and their rovibrational analysis
Coherent photonuclear reactions for isotope transmutation
Coherent photonuclear isotope transmutation (CPIT) produces exclusively
radioactive isotopes (RIs) by coherent photonuclear reactions via E1 giant
resonances. Photons to be used are medium energy photons produced by laser
photons backscattered off GeV electrons. The cross sections are as large as 0.2
- 0.6 b, being independent of individual nuclides. A large fraction of photons
is effectively used for the photonuclear reactions, while the scattered GeV
electrons remain in the storage ring to be re-used. CPIT with medium energy
photons provides specific/desired RIs with the high rate and the high density
for nuclear science, molecular biology and for nuclear medicines.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
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