Electrochemical alcohols oxidation mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide on nickel foam surface

Alcohol to aldehyde conversion is a critical reaction in the industry. Herein, a new electrochemical method is introduced that converts 1 mmol of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI, 20 mol%) as a mediator; this conversion is achieved after 8.5 h at room temperature using a piece of Ni foam (1.0 cm2) and without adding an extra-base or a need for high temperature. Using this method, 10 mmol (1.08 g) of benzyl alcohol was also successfully oxidized to benzaldehyde (91%) without any by-products. This method was also used to oxidize other alcohols with high yield and selectivity. In the absence of a mediator, the surface of the nickel foam provided oxidation products at the lower yield. After the reaction was complete, nickel foam (anode) was characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroelectrochemistry, which pointed to the formation of nickel oxide on the surface of the electrode. On the other hand, using other electrodes such as Pt, Cu, Fe, and graphite resulted in a low yield for the alcohol to aldehyde conversion

A novel synthesis of highly stable palladium nanoparticles and their application in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds

Herein, a mild and efficient method for synthesis of highly stable palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) on Aristolochia Olivieri (AO) extract as a support and reducing agent is described. Investigation of catalytically activity of obtained catalyst (AO@PdNPs) was performed for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. Of note are the functional group tolerance, fast rate, and the ability to apply a scope of nitro compounds (up to 30). The synthesized catalyst was characterized with UV−visible spectra, FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, AAS, FT-IR, and TEM techniques. The corresponding amine product was obtained excellent to high yields. The catalytic activity of AO@ PdNPs for the hydrogenation of 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline and 4-methoxy-2-nitroaniline was pursued by UV-visible spectroscopy which presented excellent activity of catalyst

Oxidation of alkylarenes by modified graphite

Oxidation of alkylarenes by modified graphit

The Study of Urban Environmental Management with Women's Participation to Preserve Green Spaces 1

Abstract: Today that the environment is demolishing, cultivation towards the preservation of the environment, considering the women's impact on the human society, plays a key role in education and awareness. The current study aimed to analyze the women's participation on the urban environmental management using the descriptive method. The population included 20000 women residing in Bandar Imam City and 412 women were chose among them using the Krejcie and Morgan table for determining sample size. The sample choice was based on the convenience sampling method and the women willing to collaborate with the researcher. The data collective tool was a questionnaire edited by the researcher. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire, based on Cronbakh's alpha, was 91% and the data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and SPSS software. The result shows women's participation as a key factor in creating green spaces and cultural education for preservation of the environment. The result also showed education has a direct relationship in women's participation in preserving the environment