Investigating the Effectiveness of Positivism Group Psychotherapy in Depression, Stress and Anxiety of Dialysis Patients

The aim of conducting this research was to investigate the effectiveness of positivism group psychotherapy in depression, stress and anxiety of dialysis Patients referring to Modarres hospital in Iran. This is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-tests. The research sample included 26 patients (13 patients in the experimental and control groups). The patients in the experimental group took part in six weeks of group sessions for one and a half months. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was utilized for data collection. The obtained results showed that positivism group psychotherapy is effective n reduction of depression, stress, and anxiety of dialysis patients. Therefore it is recommended that oncologists use the positivism group psychotherapy to reduce depression, stress, and anxiety of dialysis patients

Investigating the Effectiveness of Positivism Group Psychotherapy in Life Expectancy and Psychological Well-Being of Cancer Patients

The aim of conducting this research was to investigate the effectiveness of positivism group psychotherapy in life expectancy and psychological well-being of cancer patients referring to Taleghani hospital in Tehran, Iran. This is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-tests. The research sample included 26 patients (13 patients in the experimental and control groups). The patients in the experimental group took part in six weeks of group sessions for one and a half months. The Adult Trait Hope Scale and Ryff’s psychological well-being scale were utilized for data collection.  The results showed that positivism group psychotherapy was effective in promoting life expectancy and psychological wellbeing of cancer patients. Therefore it is recommended that oncologists use the positivism group psychotherapy to increase life expectancy and promote psychological well-being of cancer patients

The Career Pattern of Ndea Elementary School Counselors

179 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1979.The focus of the study is on the 13-year career pattern of the individuals who were trained as elementary school counselors in 1965-67 under the National Defense Education Act at the University of Illinois. Also, the study is an attempt to provide information as to whether the intent of the federally-funded training program was accomplished. The major questions are as follows: (1) What was the nature of career pattern development of the subjects after training? How many times did they change occupations? (2) Were there any relationships between parents' education and occupation and those of the subjects? (3) Was there any relationship between age and mobility? (4) Had there been discrimination barriers in getting hired? (5) What were the elements of satisfaction and dissatisfaction for school counselors and those who left counseling? (6) What were the commonalities and differences between subjects on their scholastic aptitude, interest and personality tests?The sample was composed of 46 subjects from a population of 60 NDEA participants. The Career Pattern Questionnaire, an instrument developed by the researcher, and the Miller Analogies Test (MAT), Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were the primary data sources used in the study. The subjects were classified into sub-groups on the bases of current job, education level, and entry or non-entry to elementary school counseling. Chi-square and analysis of variance, ANOVA, were used to analyze the data.The results indicate that 65 percent of the subjects entered elementary counseling following preparation. Some of them switched to other occupations in the last 13 years. Of those 30 entry individuals, 8 remained as elementary counselors, 3 re-entered teaching, 9 switched to occupations related to counseling, and 10 became administrators. Sixteen individuals earned additional degrees after the Institute. Most of those with doctoral degrees switched to the university setting.Over time there was less mobility for the elementary school counselors because there was a greater congruency between job expectation and job satisfaction. There was no relationship between age and occupational mobility, the level of schooling of parents, their occupation and those of the subjects. Sex, age and race were barriers for subjects in getting hired. For counselors, the opportunity to enter people's lives, help them to solve problems, and have contact with children and parents were important factors of satisfaction. Those who left counseling were dissatisfied with varied administrative demands, the lack of understanding, lack of support, and finally, working conditions.There were no aptitude differences between sub-groups, but some interest and personality differences were found. Those who entered elementary counseling following preparation, and those who did not enter, differed on the SVIB Psychologist, Veterinarian, and Specialization level and on the MMPI Hysteria (Hy) scale. Elementary counselors, administrators, and those in occupations related to counseling differed on the SVIB Psychologist and Specialization level, and on the MMPI Masculinity-Feminity (MF). Those who earned an additional degree, and those who did not earn one, differed on the SVIB Physician, Osteopath, and Purchasing Agent and on the MMPI Lie (L) and Paranoia (Pa) scales. Those who responded and those who did not respond to the study differed on SVIB Industrial Teacher, Vocational Teacher, CPA, Sales Manager, Advertising Man, and Specialization scales and also on the MMPI Psychopathic (Pd) scale.The research concluded that the number of individuals who were trained as elementary counselors and who committed themselves to the field was minimal. Also it is concluded that the school counseling position was an entry job for many of those individuals who desired to work at the institutional setting.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Comparing the Effectiveness of Paroxetine, Attention Modification Program and Combination of both on Improving Social Anxiety Symptoms

Introduction: Although the effectiveness of paroxetine and Attention Modification Program has been studied separately in treating social anxiety disorder, there has been no research comparing them according to the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of paroxetine, Attention Modification Program (AMP) and combination of both on improving the Social Anxiety Symptoms.Methods:33 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for social anxiety disorder were randomly assigned in 3 groups: 11 in paroxetine group, 11 in AMP group and 11 in combined group. Treatment intervention was done during 8 weeks period. Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were administered before and after treatment intervention. One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the differences and efficacy of treatment interventions between groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS-16 software.Results:28 participants completed the treatment period. One-way ANCOVA results showed statistically significant differences in post-treatment scores of social phobia (p=0/007), depressive symptoms (p=0.007) and daily life functioning (p=0.011) between three groups. Bonferroni correction showed that combined treatment is significantly more effective than AMP in reducing social phobia symptoms (p=0.007), depressive symptoms (p=0.022) and enhancing daily life functioning (0.019). Yet, there were no significant differences between Paroxetine and combined treatment in all post-treatment scores (p=0.890, p=1.000, p=1.000 for social phobia, depressive symptoms and daily life functioning respectively). Paroxetine showed more significant improvement of depressive symptoms (p=0.016) and enhancing daily life functioning (p=0.045) than AMP. Also, there were no significant differences between paroxetine and AMP in reducing social anxiety symptoms.Discussion:It seems that paroxetine has wider effect in reducing social anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and enhancing daily life functioning than AMP and adding the AMP to paroxetine does not make significant changes than medicating with paroxetine alone

Comparing the Effectiveness of Paroxetine, Attention Modification Program and Combination of both on Improving Social Anxiety Symptoms

Introduction: Although the effectiveness of paroxetine and Attention Modification Program has been studied separately in treating social anxiety disorder, there has been no research comparing them according to the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of paroxetine, Attention Modification Program (AMP) and combination of both on improving the Social Anxiety Symptoms. Methods: 33 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for social anxiety disorder were randomly assigned in 3 groups: 11 in paroxetine group, 11 in AMP group and 11 in combined group. Treatment intervention was done during 8 weeks period. Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were administered before and after treatment intervention. One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the differences and efficacy of treatment interventions between groups. Data analysis was done by SPSS-16 software. Results: 28 participants completed the treatment period. One-way ANCOVA results showed statistically significant differences in post-treatment scores of social phobia (p=0/007), depressive symptoms (p=0.007) and daily life functioning (p=0.011) between three groups. Bonferroni correction showed that combined treatment is significantly more effective than AMP in reducing social phobia symptoms (p=0.007), depressive symptoms (p=0.022) and enhancing daily life functioning (0.019). Yet, there were no significant differences between Paroxetine and combined treatment in all post-treatment scores (p=0.890, p=1.000, p=1.000 for social phobia, depressive symptoms and daily life functioning respectively). Paroxetine showed more significant improvement of depressive symptoms (p=0.016) and enhancing daily life functioning (p=0.045) than AMP. Also, there were no significant differences between paroxetine and AMP in reducing social anxiety symptoms. Discussion: It seems that paroxetine has wider effect in reducing social anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and enhancing daily life functioning than AMP and adding the AMP to paroxetine does not make significant changes than medicating with paroxetine alone

Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: universal links across 11 World regions of the international sexuality description Project-2

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term matingPsichologijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta