Two-sided stability and convergence of multistage and multistep methods for ordinary differential equations

AbstractA norm is introduced which allows the extension of bistability and biconvergence results of Stummel (“Topics in Numerical Analysis, II,” Academic Press, New York, 1975; “Approximation Methods in Analysis,” Aarhus Universiteit, 1973) (which apply to one-step methods) to the case of multistage and multistep methods

The Ethics of Providing Access

Archivists today make some of the most difficult ethical and legal decisions at the public service desk. It has always been a difficult process to balance the archivist\u27s legal and ethical obligations to the researcher, to the donors of collections, and to the institution served and, furthermore, to factor in obligations to those who often are not even aware that archives hold materials that impact on their lives. Balancing equality of access for all patrons with institutional needs and requirements is at least as difficult. Despite sincere efforts to limit the acquisition of restricted material, many important and potentially useful collections are restricted. Indeed, some have never been used. Naturally, archivists would like to encourage the use of 9ollections that reveal a wealth of information documenting social, economic, literary, and educational history

Diversity and Traditional Collections at Rutgers University

With the establishment of both regional and national ethnic, gender, cultural, and religious collections, the concept of diversity in archives encourages a fragmented world. This is one in which a researcher has a few clear-cut options--go to a women\u27s repository to do research on women, a labor collection for labor history, an African-American archives for African-Americans, and so forth. However, time has demonstrated that no repository has a comer on the market for diversity which can also be found in holdings of what are often referred to as traditional collections. Such repositories, whose primary objective is to document state and local history, already reflect the entire scope of, the society which they seek to chronicle including diverse ethnjc, religious, and cultural communities

Consequences of altered eicosanoid patterns for nociceptive processing in mPGES-1-deficient mice

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in the spinal cord plays a major role in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia and allodynia. Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) isomerizes COX-2-derived PGH2 to PGE2. Here, we evaluated the effect of mPGES-1-deficiency on the noci-ceptive behavior in various models of nociception that depend on PGE2 synthesis. Surprisingly, in the COX-2-dependent zymosan-evoked hyperalgesia model, the nociceptive behavior was not reduced in mPGES-1-deficient mice despite a marked decrease of the spinal PGE2 synthesis. Similarly, the nociceptive behavior was unaltered in mPGES-1-deficient mice in the formalin test. Importantly, spinal cords and primary spinal cord cells derived from mPGES-1-deficient mice showed a redirection of the PGE2 synthesis to PGD2, PGF2α and 6-keto-PGF1α (stable metabolite of PGI2). Since the latter prostaglandins serve also as mediators of noci-ception they may compensate the loss of PGE2 synthesis in mPGES-1-deficient mice

Material Properties for the Interiors of Massive Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs

We present thermodynamic material and transport properties for the extreme conditions prevalent in the interiors of massive giant planets and brown dwarfs. They are obtained from extensive \textit{ab initio} simulations of hydrogen-helium mixtures along the isentropes of three representative objects. In particular, we determine the heat capacities, the thermal expansion coefficient, the isothermal compressibility, and the sound velocity. Important transport properties such as the electrical and thermal conductivity, opacity, and shear viscosity are also calculated. Further results for associated quantities including magnetic and thermal diffusivity, kinematic shear viscosity, as well as the static Love number $k_2$ and the equidistance are presented. In comparison to Jupiter-mass planets, the behavior inside massive giant planets and brown dwarfs is stronger dominated by degenerate matter. We discuss the implications on possible dynamics and magnetic fields of those massive objects. The consistent data set compiled here may serve as starting point to obtain material and transport properties for other substellar H-He objects with masses above one Jovian mass and finally may be used as input for dynamo simulations

Ineficacia de la reparación civil en los delitos de robo agravado en los juzgados penales de Lima durante el periodo 2014-2017

RESUMEN La reparación civil resulta ser ineficaz, porque no cumple con el resarcimiento económico de las víctimas, equivalente a la situación que tendrían si el daño no hubiera acaecido. Asimismo, en la presente investigación se llegó a determinar que las causas de la ineficacia son: la insolvencia de los sentenciados, la imputación subjetiva, la desproporcionalidad entre el monto fijado y el daño, la cultura inquisidora, el no establecer formas de pago, el desconocimiento y la falta de imputación objetiva en cuanto la reparación. Acerca de los efectos que provoca la ineficacia, se comprobó que genera impunidad, sentido de injusticia social, desprotección de las víctimas, haciendo que la ley se torne en letra muerta y que el conflicto no se llegue a resolver del todo. Por otra parte, los factores que coadyuvan a resolver el problema de la ineficacia son: Promover una cultura reparadora, capacitar de manera especializada a los operadores jurídicos, establecer mecanismos que ayuden a que los sentenciados dejen de ser insolventes, determinar de manera objetiva la fijación del monto en cuanto el daño. PALABRAS CLAVES: Ineficacia, reparación civil; hecho Ilícito; daño causado.ABSTRACT The civil reparation turns out to be ineffective, because it does not comply with the economic compensation of the victims, equivalent to the situation they would have if the damage had not occurred. Likewise, in the present investigation it was determined that the causes of the inefficiency are: the insolvency of the sentenced persons, the subjective imputation, the disproportionality between the amount fixed and the damage, the inquisitive culture, the failure to establish forms of payment, the ignorance and the lack of objective imputation regarding the reparation. About the effects caused by inefficiency, it was found that generates impunity, sense of social injustice, lack of protection of the victims, making the law become a dead letter and that the conflict is not resolved completely. On the other hand, the factors that contribute to solving the problem of inefficiency are: Promoting a restorative culture, specialized training for legal operators, establishing mechanisms that help convicted persons stop being insolvent, determine in an objective manner the of the amount in terms of the damage. KEYWORDS: Inefficacy, civil repair; illicit fact; damage caused

Finding the ℓ-core of a tree

AbstractAn ℓ-core of a tree T=(V,E) with |V|=n, is a path P with length at most ℓ that is central with respect to the property of minimizing the sum of the distances from the vertices in P to all the vertices of T not in P. The distance between two vertices is the length of the shortest path joining them. In this paper we present efficient algorithms for finding the ℓ-core of a tree. For unweighted trees we present an O(nℓ) time algorithm, while for weighted trees we give a procedure with time complexity of O(nlog2n). The algorithms use two different types of recursive principle in their operation