20,036 research outputs found
Magnetic fields in ring galaxies
Many galaxies contain magnetic fields supported by galactic dynamo action.
However, nothing definitive is known about magnetic fields in ring galaxies.
Here we investigate large-scale magnetic fields in a previously unexplored
context, namely ring galaxies, and concentrate our efforts on the structures
that appear most promising for galactic dynamo action, i.e. outer star-forming
rings in visually unbarred galaxies. We use tested methods for modelling
galactic dynamos, taking into account the available
observational information concerning ionized interstellar matter in ring
galaxies. Our main result is that dynamo drivers in ring galaxies are strong
enough to excite large-scale magnetic fields in the ring galaxies studied. The
variety of dynamo driven magnetic configurations in ring galaxies obtained in
our modelling is much richer than that found in classical spiral galaxies. In
particular, various long-lived transients are possible. An especially
interesting case is that of NGC 4513 where the ring counter-rotates with
respect to the disc. Strong shear in the region between the disc and the ring
is associated with unusually strong dynamo drivers for the counter-rotators.
The effect of the strong drivers is found to be unexpectedly moderate. With
counter-rotation in the disc, a generic model shows that a steady mixed parity
magnetic configuration, unknown for classical spiral galaxies, may be excited,
although we do not specifically model NGC 4513. We deduce that ring galaxies
constitute a morphological class of galaxies in which identification of
large-scale magnetic fields from observations of polarized radio emission, as
well as dynamo modelling, may be possible. Such studies have the potential to
throw additional light on the physical nature of rings, their lifetimes and
evolution.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Lattice Point Generating Functions and Symmetric Cones
We show that a recent identity of Beck-Gessel-Lee-Savage on the generating
function of symmetrically contrained compositions of integers generalizes
naturally to a family of convex polyhedral cones that are invariant under the
action of a finite reflection group. We obtain general expressions for the
multivariate generating functions of such cones, and work out the specific
cases of a symmetry group of type A (previously known) and types B and D (new).
We obtain several applications of the special cases in type B, including
identities involving permutation statistics and lecture hall partitions.Comment: 19 page
Quantum trajectory phase transitions in the micromaser
We study the dynamics of the single atom maser, or micromaser, by means of
the recently introduced method of thermodynamics of quantum jump trajectories.
We find that the dynamics of the micromaser displays multiple space-time phase
transitions, i.e., phase transitions in ensembles of quantum jump trajectories.
This rich dynamical phase structure becomes apparent when trajectories are
classified by dynamical observables that quantify dynamical activity, such as
the number of atoms that have changed state while traversing the cavity. The
space-time transitions can be either first-order or continuous, and are
controlled not just by standard parameters of the micromaser but also by
non-equilibrium "counting" fields. We discuss how the dynamical phase behavior
relates to the better known stationary state properties of the micromaser.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Coupled-channels effects in elastic scattering and near-barrier fusion induced by weakly bound nuclei and exotic halo nuclei
The influence on fusion of coupling to the breakup process is investigated
for reactions where at least one of the colliding nuclei has a sufficiently low
binding energy for breakup to become an important process. Elastic scattering,
excitation functions for sub-and near-barrier fusion cross sections, and
breakup yields are analyzed for Li+Co. Continuum-Discretized
Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations describe well the data at and above the
barrier. Elastic scattering with Li (as compared to Li) indicates
the significant role of breakup for weakly bound projectiles. A study of
He induced fusion reactions with a three-body CDCC method for the
He halo nucleus is presented. The relative importance of breakup and
bound-state structure effects on total fusion is discussed.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
cDNA cloning of the complete genome of tobacco mosaic virus and production of infectious transcripts
Extended Hauser-Feshbach Method for Statistical Binary-Decay of Light-Mass Systems
An Extended Hauser-Feshbach Method (EHFM) is developed for light heavy-ion
fusion reactions in order to provide a detailed analysis of all the possible
decay channels by including explicitly the fusion-fission phase-space in the
description of the cascade chain. The mass-asymmetric fission component is
considered as a complex-fragment binary-decay which can be treated in the same
way as the light-particle evaporation from the compound nucleus in
statistical-model calculations. The method of the phase-space integrations for
the binary-decay is an extension of the usual Hauser-Feshbach formalism to be
applied to the mass-symmetric fission part. The EHFM calculations include
ground-state binding energies and discrete levels in the low excitation-energy
regions which are essential for an accurate evaluation of the phase-space
integrations of the complex-fragment emission (fission). In the present
calculations, EHFM is applied to the first-chance binary-decay by assuming that
the second-chance fission decay is negligible. In a similar manner to the
description of the fusion-evaporation process, the usual cascade calculation of
light-particle emission from the highly excited complex fragments is applied.
This complete calculation is then defined as EHFM+CASCADE. Calculated
quantities such as charge-, mass- and kinetic-energy distributions are compared
with inclusive and/or exclusive data for the S+Mg and
Cl+C reactions which have been selected as typical examples.
Finally, the missing charge distributions extracted from exclusive measurements
are also successfully compared with the EHFM+CASCADE predictions.Comment: 34 pages, 6 Figures available upon request, Phys. Rev. C (to be
published
Finite size analysis of a two-dimensional Ising model within a nonextensive approach
In this work we present a thorough analysis of the phase transitions that
occur in a ferromagnetic 2D Ising model, with only nearest-neighbors
interactions, in the framework of the Tsallis nonextensive statistics. We
performed Monte Carlo simulations on square lattices with linear sizes L
ranging from 32 up to 512. The statistical weight of the Metropolis algorithm
was changed according to the nonextensive statistics. Discontinuities in the
m(T) curve are observed for . However, we have verified only one
peak on the energy histograms at the critical temperatures, indicating the
occurrence of continuous phase transitions. For the regime, we
have found continuous phase transitions between the ordered and the disordered
phases, and determined the critical exponents via finite-size scaling. We
verified that the critical exponents , and depend
on the entropic index in the range in the form , and . On the other hand, the critical exponent does not
depend on . This suggests a violation of the scaling relations and and a nonuniversality of the
critical exponents along the ferro-paramagnetic frontier.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
8Be cluster emission versus alpha evaporation in 28Si + 12C
The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in the Ca
di-nuclear system formed in the Si + C reaction is investigated
by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles. Both inclusive and
exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments (A 10) and their
associated light charged particles (protons and particles) have been
made at the IReS Strasbourg {\sc VIVITRON} Tandem facility at bombarding
energies of (Si) = 112 MeV and 180 MeV by using the {\sc
ICARE} charged particle multidetector array. The energy spectra, velocity
distributions, in-plane and out-of-plane angular correlations of light charged
particles are compared to statistical-model calculations using a consistent set
of parameters with spin-dependent level densities. This spin dependence
approach suggests the onset of large nuclear deformation in Ca at high
spin. This conclusion might be connected with the recent observation of
superdeformed bands in the Ca nucleus. The analysis of
particles in coincidence with S fragments suggests a surprisingly strong
Be cluster emission of a binary nature.Comment: 39 pages 15 figure
Search for emission of unstable Be clusters from hot Ca and Ni nuclei
The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations is investigated in
the Ca and Ni di-nuclear systems as formed in the Si +
C and Si + Si reactions, respectively, by using the
properties of emitted light charged particles. Inclusive as well as exclusive
data of the heavy fragments (A 6) and their associated light charged
particles (p, d, t, and -particles) have been collected at the IReS
Strasbourg VIVITRON Tandem facility with two bombarding energies
Si) = 112 and 180 MeV by using the ICARE charged particle
multidetector array, which consists of nearly 40 telescopes. The measured
energy spectra, velocity distributions, in-plane and out-of-plane angular
correlations are analysed by Monte Carlo CASCADE statistical-model calculations
using a consistent set of parameters with spin-dependent level densities.
Although significant deformation effects at high spin are needed, the remaining
disagreement observed in the Si + C reaction for the S
evaporation residue suggests an unexpected large unstable Be cluster
emission of a binary nature.Comment: 13 pages latex, 9 eps figures. Paper presented at the XXXIX
International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics, Bormio(Italy) January 22-27,
2001 (to be published at Ricerca Scientifica ed Educazione Permanente
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