The Omaha World-Herald and the Philippine insurrection: A study in anti-imperialism

As the nineteenth century drew to a close, Spain’s over-seas empire was crumbling. After ten years of warfare (1868-1878) Cuba had again submitted to uneasy Spanish control but the world-wide depression of 1893, combined with the devastating effects on Cuba’s economy of the United States tariff of 1894, increased unrest to the point where armed revolt broke out again in February of 1895

Synopsis of a computer program designed to interface a personal computer with the fast data acquisition system of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Briefly described are the essential features of a computer program designed to interface a personal computer with the fast, digital data acquisition system of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The instrumentation was developed to provide a time-resolved analysis of individual vapor pulses produced by the incidence of a pulsed laser beam on an ablative material. The high repetition rate spectrometer coupled to a fast transient recorder captures complete mass spectra every 20 to 35 microsecs, thereby providing the time resolution needed for the study of this sort of transient event. The program enables the computer to record the large amount of data generated by the system in short time intervals, and it provides the operator the immediate option of presenting the spectral data in several different formats. Furthermore, the system does this with a high degree of automation, including the tasks of mass labeling the spectra and logging pertinent instrumental parameters

Eliciting Substance from ‘Hot Air': Financial Market Responses to EU Summit Decisions on European Defense

The results of deliberations in multilateral fora are often considered ineffective. Decision making in the European Union (EU) and in particular its key intergovernmental body, the European Council, poses no exception. Especially in the domain of EU foreign and security affairs, the unanimity requirement governing this institution allegedly allows nationalist governments to torpedo any attempt to build up a credible European defense force and a unified foreign policy stance. In this article, we take issue with the claim that multilateral summits merely result in "hot air” by looking at whether and how decisions made during EU summit meetings affect the European defense industry. We argue that investors react positively to a successful strengthening of Europe's military component—a vital part of the intensified cooperation within the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP)—since such decisions increase the demand for military products and raise the expected profits in the European defense industry. Our findings lend empirical support to the view that financial markets indeed evaluate the substance of European Council meetings and react positively to those summit decisions that consolidate EU military capabilities and the ESDP. Each of the substantial council decisions studied increased the value of the European defense sector by about 4 billion euros on average. This shows that multilateral decisions can have considerable economic and financial repercussion

Off-diagonal bounds for the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain of $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ with $n \ge 1$. We assume that the boundary $\Gamma$ of $\Omega$ is Lipschitz. Consider the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator $N_0$ associated with a system in divergence form of size $m$ with real symmetric and H\''older continuous coefficients. We prove $L^p(\Gamma)\to L^q(\Gamma)$ off-diagonal bounds of the form$$\| 1_F e^{-t N_0} 1_E f \|_q \lesssim (t \wedge 1)^{\frac{n}{q}-\frac{n}{p}} \left( 1 + \frac{dist(E,F)}{t} \right)^{-1} \| 1_E f \|_p$$for all measurable subsets $E$ and $F$ of $\Gamma$. If $\Gamma$ is $C^{1+ \kappa}$ for some $\kappa > 0$ and $m=1$, we obtain a sharp estimate in the sense that $\left( 1 + \frac{dist(E,F)}{t} \right)^{-1}$ can be replaced by$\left( 1 + \frac{dist(E,F)}{t} \right)^{-(1 + \frac{n}{p} - \frac{n}{q})}$. Such bounds are also valid for complex time. For $n=1$, we apply our off-diagonal bounds to prove that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator associated with a system generates an analytic semigroup on $L^p(\Gamma)$ for all $p \in (1, \infty)$. In addition, the corresponding evolution problem has $L^q(L^p)$-maximal regularity

Compulsory voting, habit formation, and political participation

Can electoral institutions induce lasting changes in citizens’ voting habits? We study the long-term and spillover effects of compulsory voting in the Swiss canton of Vaud (1900–1970) and find that this intervention increases turnout in federal referendums by 30 percentage points. However, despite its magnitude, the effect disappears quickly after voting is no longer compulsory. We find minor spillover effects on related forms of political participation that also vanish immediately after compulsory voting has been abolished. Overall, these results question habit formation arguments in the context of compulsory voting

Interests, Norms, and Support for the Provision of Global Public Goods: The Case of Climate Cooperation

Mitigating climate change requires countries to provide a global public good. This means that the domestic cleavages underlying mass attitudes toward international climate policy are a central determinant of its provision. We argue that the industry-specific costs of emission abatement and internalized social norms help explain support for climate policy. To evaluate our predictions we develop novel measures of industry-specific interests by cross-referencing individuals? sectors of employment and objective industry-level pollution data and employ- ing quasi-behavioral measures of social norms in combination with both correlational and conjoint-experimental data. We find that individuals working in pollutive industries are 7 percentage points less likely to support climate cooperation than individuals employed in cleaner sectors. Our results also suggest that reciprocal and altruistic individuals are about 10 percentage points more supportive of global climate policy. These findings indicate that both interests and norms function as complementary explanations that improve our under- standing of individual policy preferences

Masculinity Contingency and Sexism

Previous research has established that when a man experiences a threat to his masculinity, this has often been related to engagement in anti-social behaviors like hostility towards women (Eisler, et al., 2000; Fanchina, et al., 2001; Jakupfak, et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2008; O'Neil et al., 1986). In the current study, levels of sexism, aggression, affect, and scores on the Masculinity Contingency Scale (Burkley, Bell, & Wong, 2016) were examined after inducing a masculinity boost or a masculinity threat. Using a 3 x 2 design, 4 main hypotheses were examined: 1) men who have just experienced a masculinity threat will have higher scores on the MCS than men who have experienced a masculinity boost, 2) men who experience a masculinity threat will have higher scores of benevolent and hostile sexism than men who experience a masculinity boost 3) that men in the threat condition will also have higher scores of aggression and negative affect than men who experience a masculinity boost, 4) men who experience neither a masculinity threat nor masculinity boost will have lower scores on the MCS than men who did experience a boost or a threat. After analyzing all of the predictions with a one-way ANOVA, there were no significant findings to support any of the hypotheses, F(2 , 225) =1.748, p = .177; F(2, 221) = .027, p = .973; F(2, 221) = .582, p = .559; F(2, 218) = .461, p = .631; F(2 , 225) =1.748, p = .177.Psycholog

A preferred vision for administering secondary schools : a reflective essay

The term instructional leader encompasses many aspects. The instructional portion includes the knowledge base, the master teacher, the evaluator, the mediator, and the communicator with parents, community and teachers. The leader portion includes the perceptive director, the goal directed visionary, and the organizer with enthusiasm and energy. Teachers depend on the principal to assist them in gaining instructional skills and utilizing curricular material that is necessary to teach effectively. The principal should be their master teacher and evaluator. As an evaluator, a principal will confer with and provide feedback to the staff, and will evaluate the education programs