33 research outputs found

    Catalytic hydro-deoxygenation of acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural from bio-oil over Ni2_{2}P/HZSM-5 catalysts

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    In this paper, catalytic hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil’s model molecules (acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural) using Ni2_{2}P/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out to better identify the products and make the modeling work of HDO process more reliable. Results showed that low temperatures favored the formation of acetaldehyde and acetone during acetic acid HDO, but disfavored the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Acetone was produced via the self-ketonization reaction of acetic acid. In most cases of 4-ethylguaiacol HDO, phenol, cresol, and 2, 4-dimethylphenol were the primary products. For furfural HDO, the major furan and CO products proved that the direct decarbonylation of furfural was the main reaction. Accordingly, the main pathways of acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural HDO were proposed, which could provide significant guidance for the upgrading of crude bio-oil

    Microwave pyrolysis of biomass in a rotatory kiln reactor: deep characterization and comparative analysis of pyrolytic liquids products

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    [EN] The pursuit of sustainable relationship between the production and consumption of energy has accelerated the research into new fuels alternatives, and mainly focused on new technologies for biomass based fuels. Microwave pyrolysis of biomass is a relatively new process which has been long recognized to provide better quality bio-products in shorter reaction time due to the direct sample heating and the particular heating profile resulting from the interaction of biomass with the electric field component of an electromagnetic wave [1,2]. During the course of this research, flax shives were pyrolysed using a rotatory kiln reactor inside a microwave single mode cavity using a range of power between 100 and 200 watts, to reach a temperature range between 450 °C and 650°C. The liquid bio-oil samples recovered in each case were analyzed though gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to identify and quantify the different molecules presents and paying a particular attention to the BTX’s concentration. More than two hundred compounds were identified and grouped into families such as carboxylic acids, alcools, sugars for a deep analysis of the results. The effect of the operating conditions on the proportion of gas, liquid and char produced were studied as well as some properties of the pyrolysis products. In most cases, carboxylic acids were the dominating chemical group present. It was also noticed that the increase of temperature enhanced the carboxylic acids production and diminished the production of other groups, as sugars. Finally, pyrolysis oils were produced in higher quantities by microwaves than in a classical oven and showed a different composition. The examination of the pyrolytic liquid products from different biomass components helped to determine the provenance of each molecule family. On the operational side, the rotatory kiln reactor provided a fast and homogeneous heating profile inside the reactor, desired for fast pyrolysis. The high temperature was maintained without making hot spots during the reaction time. The microwave irradiation setup consisted in a single-mode cavity, a system of plungers, incident and reflected power monitors, an isolator and a 2.45 GHz continuous microwave generator with a power upper limit of 2000 watts. The plunger system was calibrated to maintain a range of reflective wave between 5 and 15%, taking advantage of a minimum of 85 percent of the applied power. In conclusion, the developed microwave pyrolysis process gives a clear way to produce an exploitable bio-oil with enhanced properties. References Beneroso, D., Monti, T., Kostas, E., Robinson, J., CEJ, 2017.,316, 481- 498. Autunes E., Jacob M., Brodie, G., Schneider, A., JAAP, 2018,129, 93-100.Ubiera, L.; Polaert, I.; Abdelouahed, L.; Taouk, B. (2019). Microwave pyrolysis of biomass in a rotatory kiln reactor: deep characterization and comparative analysis of pyrolytic liquids products. En AMPERE 2019. 17th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 194-202. https://doi.org/10.4995/AMPERE2019.2019.9807OCS19420

    Catalytic hydro-deoxygenation of acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural from bio-oil over Ni2_{2}P/HZSM-5 catalysts

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    In this paper, catalytic hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil’s model molecules (acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural) using Ni2_{2}P/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out to better identify the products and make the modeling work of HDO process more reliable. Results showed that low temperatures favored the formation of acetaldehyde and acetone during acetic acid HDO, but disfavored the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Acetone was produced via the self-ketonization reaction of acetic acid. In most cases of 4-ethylguaiacol HDO, phenol, cresol, and 2, 4-dimethylphenol were the primary products. For furfural HDO, the major furan and CO products proved that the direct decarbonylation of furfural was the main reaction. Accordingly, the main pathways of acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural HDO were proposed, which could provide significant guidance for the upgrading of crude bio-oil

    Oxydes de vanadium supportes sur alumine et sur silice : caracterisation physico-chimique et aspect catalytique

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    SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

    DĂ©pollution catalytique des effluents gazeux contenant des hydrocarbures aromatiques

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    La désorption thermique représente une option majeure dans les filières de décontamination des sols pollués. Elle comporte deux étapes : volatilisation des polluants et traitement des gaz désorbés. L'objectif de notre travail était d'examiner la faisabilité de la dépollution de ces gaz par oxydation catalytique totale. L'oxydation totale de certaines molécules d'hydrocarbures aromatiques a été étudiée sur des catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de manganèse supporté sur SiO2, Al2O3 et TiO2. L'activité catalytique varie fortement avec le support et la teneur en Mn, MnOx/TiO2 5% Mn donnant les meilleures performances. Des techniques de caractérisation ont été employées à savoir, la réduction et la désorption à température programmée (RTP et DTP) et la résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE). La corrélation des résultats catalytiques à ceux de la caractérisation a permis d'attribuer la bonne activité de MnOx/TiO2 à la forte mobilité de l'oxygène du réseau et la formation de MnO2 seul, alors que sur SiO2 et Al2O3 un mélange de MnO2 et Mn2O3 est présent. Une étude paramétrique a permis d'identifier les facteurs les plus influents et de préciser les conditions optimales du test catalytique. L'effet de mélange a été aussi étudié : la réactivité des composés seuls qui diminue selon l'ordre : Toluène> P-xylène > Naphtalène est inversé dans le cas des mélanges binaires. Finalement, nous avons examiné l'efficacité du catalyseur, MnOx/TiO2 5% Mn, dans l'oxydation totale de certaines molécules HAP (acénaphtène, fluorène, pyrène etc.). Bien que l'oxydation de ces molécules a lieu à des températures plus élevées que celle du toluène leur conversion totale est atteinte avant 500C.COMPIEGNE-BU (601592101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Comportement catalytique dans l'oxydation du propène et caractérisation physico-chimique de deux oxydes de types-BIMEVOX substitués au cuivre et au cobalt

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    Mis en évidence au laboratoire de Cristallochimie et Physico-chimie du Solide de Lille à la fin des années 80, les oxydes de type BIMEVOX, qui dérivent de Bi4V2011 par substitution partielle du vanadium par un autre métal (ME), sont les meilleurs conducteurs par 02- connus à ce jour. Leurs propriétés remarquables de conductivité ionique à basses températures, a motivé leur utilisation en tant que catalyseurs d'oxydation, compte tenu du rôle primordial joué par 02- dans le mécanisme réactionnel. Dans le but d'examiner leurs propriétés catalytiques, nous avons choisi la réaction de couplage oxydant du propène. Deux catalyseurs ont été étudiés, le BICUVOX et le BICOVOX. Le test catalytique a été réalisé en utilisant un réacteur à lit fIxe. Plusieurs paramètres opératoires ont été examinés: la température, la pression partielle d'oxygène, le temps de contact et l'effet de dilution du lit catalytique. En fonction de la température de réaction, deux régimes réactionnels ont été mis en évidence: i) oxydation totale du propène à des températures relativement basses (300 - 450ʿC) ; il) dimérisation du propène en 1,5-hexadiène à des températures plus élevées (450 - 550ʿC). Les résultats ont révélé aussi que le catalyseur dopé au cobalt est plus actif que celui dopé au cuivre. Dans le souci d'interpréter les évolutions subies par les catalyseurs BIMEVOX dans les conditions du test, une caractérisation physico-chimique approfondie a été entreprise en utilisant les techniques suivantes: la diffraction des RX, la thermodésorption programmée (T'PD), l'analyse thermogravimétrique (A TG), l'Infra-Rouge (IR), la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et la résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE). Ces techniques ont révélé un phénomène de réduction progressive des catalyseurs pendant la réaction. Cette évolution favorise la dimérisation du propène dans un premier temps puis conduit à la dégradation de la structure du catalyseur lorsqu'elle est très poussée. Le traitement sous air à 600ʿC permet la régénération des catalyseurs qui retrouvent leur structure initiale. Enfin les propriétés catalytiques ont été corrélées aux résultats obtenus par la caractérisation physico-chimique.COMPIEGNE-BU (601592101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Modeling of hydrogen production from biomass bio-digestion under Aspen Plus

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    International audienceThe production of hydrogen from biogas via biomass is considered in this study. The objective is to model and evaluate the different processes of hydrogen production from biogas from anaerobic bio-digestion. Six hydrogen production processes by methane reforming from biogas were simulated and validated in Aspen Plus and then coupled with biogas production based on anaerobic bio-digestion (AD) process with a feed rate of 0.33 l/day of cow manure. The results of the coupling processes revealed that the process (DA-Steam Reforming) is the best in terms of hydrogen production, energy efficiency and CO2 production. Indeed, this process produced about 5.71l/day of H2 with an energy efficiency of 82.72% and the emission of CO2 gas of about 12.83 kg CO2 for 1 kg H2 produced

    Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxidized Beechwood Pyrolysis Bio-Oil as a Curing Agent of Bio-Based Novolac Resin

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    A bio-oil-based epoxy (BOE) resin was synthesized using phenolic compounds from beechwood pyrolysis oil. These compounds were separated from crude pyrolysis oil by coupling two methods: fractional condensation and water extraction. The chemical structure of the BOE resin was characterized by NMR and FTIR analyses. BOE resin was used as a curing agent of bio-oil glyoxal novolac (BOG) resin to gradually replace bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA). The thermal properties of cured resins and kinetic parameters of the curing reaction using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were discussed. Incorporating the BOE resin resulted in a lower curing temperature and activation energy compared to using DGEBA. These results indicate that the water-insoluble fraction of pyrolysis oil condensate can potentially be used to synthesize high-thermal performance and sustainable epoxidized pyrolysis bio-oil resins and also demonstrate its application as a curing agent of bio-oil glyoxal novolac (BOG) resin
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