Current Status of Lay Share Wage Claims in Admiralty Law

This Article explores the parameters of claims under oral lay share agreements in the commercial fishing industry. The Article analyzes such agreements by exploring the rationale used in the four principal lay share cases in the geographic area of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Additionally, this Article considers the historical development of, and policies behind, maritime laws favoring able seamen, and how these laws have contributed to oral lay share agreements as those agreements affect the rights of commercial fishermen

Memory Restored or Confabulated by Hypnosis—Is it Competent?

This article examines the scientific basis of hypnosis and concludes that previously hypnotized witnesses are incompetent to testify concerning matters discussed under hypnosis. Unbiased examination of scientific literature discloses that persons under hypnosis are highly motivated to please the hypnotist and therefore are likely to fantasize rather than accurately recall lost memories. After hypnosis these false impressions are fixed as true and the witness is unshakable on cross-examination. Therefore, the McCormick relevancy test is inadequate, and hypnosis tainted testimony, like other scientific evidence, must meet the stricter Frye standard before being presented to the finder of fact. Hypnosis presently does not pass the Frye test. However, even if it ever becomes reliable enough in the future to pass that test, serious confrontation clause problems remain. The logical appeal of the California Supreme Court in People v. Shirley is overwhelming. This article argues that a new rule of incompetence should be recognized in the law of evidence

Nonproduction of Witnesses as Deliberative Evidence

The chief practical difficulty today, as always, lies in the particular application of a mass of evidentiary rules, in determining the bearing of various principles upon a given evidentiary issue of fact here and now. Nowhere has this situation continued truer than with reference to rules about evidentiary spoliation. Indeed, after reading all there is on the subject in a recent voluminous text-book, one may well be bewildered, owing to the collection of crude, inadvertent and contradictory material. \u27 As a result, the request to charge which more frequently than any other is made in improper form is that dealing with the failure to call a witness. The importance of a party\u27s failure to call a witness differs in each individual case according to its background. Frequently, the diverse threads of the proofs bearing upon a matter in issue resemble a hopelessly entangled Gordian knot until one thread is pulled and a whole series of variegated and inchoate motives, acts, and events emerges clear and straight in a cohesive whole. Any rule boldly attempting to alter reality must prove sterile and affirmatively obstructive

Inculpatory Statements Against Penal Interest: \u3cem\u3eState v. Parris\u3c/em\u3e Goes Too Far

This article first demonstrates that courts historically did not trust penal interest statements in general, and that courts were extremely suspicious of any statements by a third party that implicated the defendant. Since Washington adopted Federal Rule of Evidence 804(b)(3) verbatim, this article then analyzes the legislative history of the rule. The article concludes that the legislative history favored exclusion of inculpatory statements but that Congress failed to codify the exclusion because of unrelated problems. Finally, the article discusses the confrontation clause problems that arise when inculpatory statements are allowed into evidence. This article argues that the Parris holding should be narrowed, in a case now pending in the court of appeals, to exclude inculpatory statements altogether. The authors urge a rule of exclusion notwithstanding the supreme court\u27s rejection of this claim as having little merit

Inculpatory Statements Against Penal Interest: \u3cem\u3eState v. Parris\u3c/em\u3e Goes Too Far

This article first demonstrates that courts historically did not trust penal interest statements in general, and that courts were extremely suspicious of any statements by a third party that implicated the defendant. Since Washington adopted Federal Rule of Evidence 804(b)(3) verbatim, this article then analyzes the legislative history of the rule. The article concludes that the legislative history favored exclusion of inculpatory statements but that Congress failed to codify the exclusion because of unrelated problems. Finally, the article discusses the confrontation clause problems that arise when inculpatory statements are allowed into evidence. This article argues that the Parris holding should be narrowed, in a case now pending in the court of appeals, to exclude inculpatory statements altogether. The authors urge a rule of exclusion notwithstanding the supreme court\u27s rejection of this claim as having little merit

Un indicador visual de la madurez fisiológica de habichuelas de inflorescencia indeterminada

Two indeterminate breeding lines, L-227 and RAB 205, were planted during two growing seasons for the purpose of identifying a visual indicator of physiological maturity of dry beans which could be used in the field. Ten-plant samples were taken at 2-day intervals beginning approximately 8 weeks after emergence to determine seed dry weight accumulation and number of green, yellow, and brown pods. In order to identify a stage of pod development which coincided with maximum accumulation of seed dry weight, the number of green, yellow and brown pods per plant was estimated with polinomial regression equations. Coefficients of determination for the number of yellow pods were relatively low, ranging from 0.52 to 0.77, whereas the coefficients of determination for most equations for green and brown pod numbers were near 0.9, indicating that the number of both green and brown pods may be useful as indicators of the occurrence of physiological maturity. Physiological maturity of L-227 occurred when plants had developed 1 to 2 green pods and 12 to T4 brown pods, whereas physiological maturity of RAB 205 occurred when 2 green pods and 8 brown pods were present on each plant. In the field, the number of green pods would be a better visual indicator of physiological maturity than the number of brown pods because fewer green pods have to be counted and because the green pods are on top of the plant.Dos líneas indeterminadas de habichuela, L-227 y RAB 205, se sembraron en dos estaciones del año para identificar un indicador visual de la etapa de madurez fisiológica que pudiera usarse en el campo. Muestras de 10 plantas se tomaron cada 2 días para determinar la acumulación de materia seca en el grano y el número de vainas verdes, amarillas y secas. Se usaron ecuaciones de regresión lineales, cuadráticas y cúbicas para determinar el número de vainas verdes, amarillas y secas que coincidian con el punto de máxima acumulación de peso seco en el grano. Los coeficientes de determinación para el número de vainas amarillas fueron relativamente bajos; variaron de 0.52 a 0.77. Por otro lado, la mayoría de los coeficientes de determinación para las ecuaciones del número de vainas verdes y de secas fueron cercanos a 0.9, lo que indica que tanto el número de vainas verdes como el de vainas secas podían ser buenos indicadores de madurez fisiológica. La madurez fisiológica de L-227 ocurrió cuando a las plantas les quedaban de 1 a 2 vainas verdes y tenían de 12 a 14 vainas secas. La madurez fisiológica de RAB 205 ocurrió cuando las plantas tenían 2 vainas verdes y 8 vainas secas. Estos resultados indican que el número de vainas verdes, en condiciones de campo, podría ser un mejor indicador de la madurez fisiológica que el número de vainas secas, no solamente porque habrá menos vainas verdes que contar, sino porque las verdes estarían en la parte superior de la planta

Producción de habichuelas verdes en Puerto Rico en distintas épocas de siembra

Field experiments were conducted at the Isabela and Fortuna substations during a 4-year period to measure the whole pod and green-shell yields of five white-seeded bean genotypes planted at different dates. Results from this study show that green-shell beans can be produced in Puerto Rico over a wide range of planting dates. The greatest yields were produced when beans were planted from October to December. Results from a yield stability analysis show that whole pod yields tended to be lower and more variable when beans were planted during the warm and humid summer months. However, higher prices during the summer help to offset the greater risk associated with green-shell bean production during this time of year. The variety Arroyo Loro had the greatest overall yield and the most yield stability. Early maturity and disease susceptibility contributed to the poor yield stability of the variety Cuarentena. Since whole pod yield was positively and highly correlated with green-shell yield, whole pod yields can be used by bean researchers to predict green-shell yield.Durante 4 años se hicieron experimentos de campo en las subestaciones de Isabela y Fortuna para medir el rendimiento de vainas enteras y granos frescos de cinco genotipos de habichuela blanca sembrados en diferentes épocas. Los resultados indican que en Puerto Rico se puede producir habichuelas en una amplia gama de épocas de siembra. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron cuando las habichuelas se sembraron entre octubre y diciembre. El análisis de estabilidad de rendimiento mostró que los rendimientos de las vainas enteras fueron más bajas y variables cuando se sembró en el verano, los meses más cálidos y húmedos. Sin embargo, los precios de la habichuela verde son mayores durante el verano. La variedad Arroyo Loro produjo los rendimientos más altos y los más estables. La precocidad y susceptibilidad a las enfermedades redujo la estabilidad del rendimiento de la variedad Cuarentena. Hubo una correlación positiva y alta entre los rendimientos de vainas enteras y los rendimientos de habichuelas frescas. Esto les permite a los investigadores en habichuela utilizar el rendimiento de vainas enteras para predecir el rendimiento de vainas frescas