Conséquences de l’acclimatation à différents régimes thermiques sur les taux métaboliques standards des tacons du saumon de l’Atlantique(Salmo salar)

Les poissons vivant au sein d’une rivière sont soumis à des variations circadiennes de température pouvant influencer la croissance, la digestion et le métabolisme standard. Les modèles bioénergétiques utilisant les fonctions métaboliques pour déterminer la croissance d’un poisson ont souvent été élaborés avec des poissons acclimatés à des températures constantes. Ces modèles pourraient sous-estimer l’énergie dépensée par un poisson soumis à des températures fluctuantes. En utilisant la respirométrie par débit intermittent, les objectifs de ce travail étaient : (1) de quantifier les différences entre les taux métaboliques standards de poissons acclimatés à une température constante (20.2 oC ± 0.5 oC) et à des fluctuations circadiennes de température (19.8 oC ± 2.0 oC; 19.5 oC ± 3.0 oC) et (2) comparer deux méthodologies pour calculer les taux métaboliques standards de poissons sujets aux fluctuations circadiennes de températures : respirométrie (a) en température constante ou (b) en température fluctuante. Les poissons acclimatés à des fluctuations circadiennes de température ont des taux métaboliques standards plus élevés que des poissons acclimatés à une température constante. À 20.2 oC ± 0.5 oC, les taux métabolique standards ont été de 25% à 32% plus bas pour des poissons maintenus à une température constante que pour des poissons gardés sous des fluctuations circadiennes de température. Les méthodologies utilisées pour estimer les taux métaboliques standards de poissons sujets aux fluctuations de température offrent des résultats similaires.Fish that inhabits river are subjected to circadian fluctuations in water temperature. These fluctuations can influence growth, digestion and metabolic processes. Bioenergetic models are traditionally modeled using data recorded from fish kept at constant water temperatures. These models could underestimate the energy spent by fish subjected to fluctuating temperatures. Thus, with intermittent-flow respirometry, the objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the differences between standard metabolic rates of fish acclimatized to a constant temperature (20.2 oC ± 0.5 oC) and two circadian fluctuating temperatures (19.8 oC ± 2.0 oC; 19.5 oC ± 3.0 oC) and (2) compare two methodology for calculate standard metabolic rates of fish subjected to circadian fluctuating temperatures: intermittent-flow respirometry with (a) constant temperature or (b) fluctuating temperatures. Fish held at circadian fluctuating temperatures have higher standard metabolic rates than fish acclimatized to a constant temperature. At 20.2 oC ± 0.5 oC, standard metabolic rates was 25% to 32% lower for fish held at constant temperature than for fish held under circadian fluctuations. However, results of the two different strategies used to calculate standard metabolic rates of fish subjected to circadian fluctuating temperatures did not differ

Construing Worst Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: A Thematic Analysis

© 2022 The Authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.The COVID-19 pandemic has not only resulted in millions of deaths but, together with the strategies imposed to contain the spread of the disease, it has had significant psychological and social effects. This paper considers these effects in residents of the USA, the country that has reported the highest number of deaths from COVID-19. Between April and May, 2020, responses were obtained to an on-line survey, which included asking participants, recruited by snowball sampling, to describe their worst experience of the pandemic. The responses of 741 participants, primarily female and Caucasian, were subjected to a thematic content analysis which used a primarily deductive approach in which these responses were viewed in terms of transitions in construing. The transition themes identified were anxiety; threat; loss of role; sadness; contempt; and stress. Various subthemes were also identified. The study provided further evidence of the utility of a personal construct framework in conceptualizing experiences associated with illness and the risk of this. Implications of its findings are considered at both an individual and a societal level.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Financial inclusion in Mexico ¿Where we are? A theoretical reflection

Looking into Mexico’s situation regarding financial inclusion, we find there is a lot to do. Financial inclusion should be a more inclusive and important concept and turn into a global agenda. Therefore, financial inclusion is defined as the access and use of financial services under an appropriate regulation that guarantees protection schemes for consumers and promotes financial education in order to improve financial capabilities in all population segments. During the investigation to approach the concepts of access, use, protection and defense of consumers as well as financial education. It is concluded that the financial inclusion topic not only refers to the number of people linked to the financial system through savings and credit, but also to the efficient access to payment systems and tools. This topic is defined as the ease of access to the range of financial products and services, that allow people to effectively manage their money, regardless of their income level or social status. The importance of implementing this inclusion process is the cost implied by not being prepared for a healthy financial life; the less knowledge one has, the greater the debt incurred, and the quality of life is affected. Heightening, in this way, the economic differences in the population and forcing the policies sought for by the government to compensate for the damage caused by disinformation

Religious Factors and Hippocampal Atrophy in Late Life

Despite a growing interest in the ways spiritual beliefs and practices are reflected in brain activity, there have been relatively few studies using neuroimaging data to assess potential relationships between religious factors and structural neuroanatomy. This study examined prospective relationships between religious factors and hippocampal volume change using high-resolution MRI data of a sample of 268 older adults. Religious factors assessed included life-changing religious experiences, spiritual practices, and religious group membership. Hippocampal volumes were analyzed using the GRID program, which is based on a manual point-counting method and allows for semi-automated determination of region of interest volumes. Significantly greater hippocampal atrophy was observed for participants reporting a life-changing religious experience. Significantly greater hippocampal atrophy was also observed from baseline to final assessment among born-again Protestants, Catholics, and those with no religious affiliation, compared with Protestants not identifying as born-again. These associations were not explained by psychosocial or demographic factors, or baseline cerebral volume. Hippocampal volume has been linked to clinical outcomes, such as depression, dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. The findings of this study indicate that hippocampal atrophy in late life may be uniquely influenced by certain types of religious factors

Sensory Communication

Contains table of contents for Section 2 and reports on five research projects.National Institutes of Health Contract 2 R01 DC00117National Institutes of Health Contract 1 R01 DC02032National Institutes of Health Contract 2 P01 DC00361National Institutes of Health Contract N01 DC22402National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC001001National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC00270National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 DC00126National Institutes of Health Grant R29-DC00625U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-88-K-0604U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1454U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-1814U.S. Navy - Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division Contract N61339-94-C-0087U.S. Navy - Naval Air Warfare Center Training System Division Contract N61339-93-C-0055U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-93-1-1198National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Ames Research Center Grant NCC 2-77

Sensory Communication

Contains table of contents for Section 2, an introduction and reports on fourteen research projects.National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 DC00117National Institutes of Health Grant RO1 DC02032National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Grant R01 DC00126National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DC00270National Institutes of Health Contract N01 DC52107U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Contract N61339-95-K-0014U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Contract N61339-96-K-0003U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-96-1-0379U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Grant F49620-95-1-0176U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Grant F49620-96-1-0202U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Subcontract 40167U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research/Naval Air Warfare Center Contract N61339-96-K-0002National Institutes of Health Grant R01-NS33778U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-184

Sensory Communication

Contains table of contents for Section 2, an introduction and reports on twelve research projects.National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 DC00117National Institutes of Health Contract 2 P01 DC00361National Institutes of Health Grant 5 R01 DC00126National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC00270U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Contract AFOSR-90-0200National Institutes of Health Grant R29-DC00625U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-88-K-0604U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1454U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-1814U.S. Navy - Naval Training Systems Center Contract N61339-93-M-1213U.S. Navy - Naval Training Systems Center Contract N61339-93-C-0055U.S. Navy - Naval Training Systems Center Contract N61339-93-C-0083U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-92-J-4005U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-93-1-119

Learning to live together: mutualism between self-splicing introns and their hosts

Group I and II introns can be considered as molecular parasites that interrupt protein-coding and structural RNA genes in all domains of life. They function as self-splicing ribozymes and thereby limit the phenotypic costs associated with disruption of a host gene while they act as mobile DNA elements to promote their spread within and between genomes. Once considered purely selfish DNA elements, they now seem, in the light of recent work on the molecular mechanisms regulating bacterial and phage group I and II intron dynamics, to show evidence of co-evolution with their hosts. These previously underappreciated relationships serve the co-evolving entities particularly well in times of environmental stress

The endocrine tumor summit 2008: appraising therapeutic approaches for acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome

The Endocrine Tumor Summit convened in December 2008 to address 6 statements prepared by panel members that reflect important questions in the treatment of acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome. Data pertinent to each of the statements were identified through review of pertinent literature by one of the 9-member panel, enabling a critical evaluation of the statements and the evidence supporting or refuting them. Three statements addressed the validity of serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations as indicators or predictors of disease in acromegaly. Statements regarding the effects of preoperative somatostatin analog use on pituitary surgical outcomes, their effects on hormone and symptom control in carcinoid syndrome, and the efficacy of extended dosing intervals were reviewed. Panel opinions, based on the level of available scientific evidence, were polled. Finally, their views were compared with those of surveyed community-based endocrinologists and neurosurgeons