Reconstruyendo el entramado de una sociedad creativa. Estrategias para la formación de diseñadores en contextos de complejidad

The consideration of the word ideology in the context of design teaching refers to a hidden, covert content regarding the origins of the discipline, its functionality and convergence with the configuration of modern capitalist society. That hidden content is the complex network of links that unites the artifacts with the institutionality that sustains them, with the values and rules that govern social life, which assumed industry as a powerful device for production of values whose rationality was consubstantial to the idea of design, to its ethics and purpose, which was the extension of the benefits of science and technology to the population as a whole. Today, the fissures of this social configuration, imposes a new connection between practices and their meaning. But this concealment of meaning, that mutilation of contents, is made possible by some modes of teaching, which, in turn, tacitly or explicitly, are framed in epistemologies that prove to be insufficient. This article, which partially reproduces the ideas of the doctoral thesis “Reconstructing the framework of a creative society”, gives an account of the first perceptions of the epistemological obstacles of the discipline to be inserted in contexts of complexity, to reconstruct the discipline as a research program, revealing their role in the reproduction of sustainable social life.La consideración de la palabra ideología en el contexto de la enseñanza del diseño, hace referencia a un contenido oculto, encubierto, respecto a los orígenes de la disciplina, su funcionalidad y convergencia con la configuración de la sociedad moderna capitalista. Ese contenido oculto es, ni más ni menos, la compleja trama de ligazones que une a los artefactos con la institucionalidad que los sustenta, con los valores y reglas que rigen la vida social, que asumió a la industria como dispositivo potente de producción de valores, cuya racionalidad fue consustancial a la idea del diseño, a su ética y finalidad, que era la extensión de los beneficios de la ciencia y la tecnología al conjunto de la población. Hoy, las fisuras de esta configuración social, impone una nueva conexión entre las prácticas y su sentido. Pero ese ocultamiento del sentido, esa mutilación de contenidos, se hace posible por unos modos de enseñanza, que a su vez, tácita o explícitamente, se encuadran en epistemologías que se revelan insuficientes. Este artículo que reproduce parcialmente, ideas de la tesis doctoral, “Reconstruyendo el entramado de una sociedad creativa”, da cuenta de las primeras percepciones de los obstáculos epistemológicos de la disciplina para insertarse en contextos de complejidad, reconstruir la disciplina como programa de investigación, revelando su rol en la reproducción de la vida social sustentable. A consideração da palavra ideologia no contexto do ensino do design faz referencia a um conteúdo oculto, encoberto, respeito às origens da disciplina, sua funcionalidade e convergência com a configuração da sociedade moderna capitalista. Esse conteúdo oculto é a complexa trama de ligações que une aos artefatos com a institucionalidade que os sustenta, com os valores e regras que regulam a vida social, que assumiu á indústria como dispositivo potente de produção de valores, cuja racionalidade foi consubstancial á ideia do design, a sua ética e finalidade, que era extensão dos benefícios da ciência e a tecnologia ao conjunto da população. Hoje, as fissuras desta configuração social impõe uma nova conexão entre as práticas e seu sentido. Mas esse ocultamento do sentido, essa mutilação de conteúdos, se faz possível por uns modos de ensino que á vez, tácita ou explicitamente, se enquadram em epistemologias que são insuficientes. Este artigo, que reproduz parcialmente ideias da tese de doutoramento “Reconstruindo a trama de uma sociedade criativa”, da conta das primeiras percepções dos obstáculos epistemológicos da disciplina para se insertar em contextos de complexidade, reconstruir a disciplina como programa de pesquisa, revelando seu papel na reprodução da vida social sustentável.&nbsp

Body composition changes over three years in older adults: a descriptive longitudinal analysis

Este trabalho foi financiado pelo Concurso Anual para Projetos de Investigação, Desenvolvimento, Inovação e Criação Artística (IDI&CA) 2016 do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa. Código de referência: IPL/2016/SFQ2017_ESTeSLIntroduction: Many studies analyze body composition changes in older adults. However, few studies analyze body composition in elderly people with functional measures. Studies using Double X-Ray analysis (DXA) or Bioimpedance analysis proved to be reliable but expensive or only possible in a laboratory environment. The purpose of our study was to analyze changes in body composition over three years using anthropometric measures in a sample of elderly people in order to perceive functional changes. Methods: Forty-three participants (12 men; 31 women) aged 60 years and over and independent in activities of daily life were assessed using anthropometric measures in the first moment and past three years. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were also calculated. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was also calculated using Al-Gindan et al. (2014) equations and normalized for height to found skeletal muscle index (SMI) in order to analyze cut-off points associated with physical disability according to Janssen et al (2004). Results: A significant difference was found over three years in SMM (p = 0.007), SMI (p = 0.027), BMI (p = 0.041) and WHR (p = 0.003). The majority of the participants has decreased SMM, SMI, and BMI and increased WHR, which favors a worst prognostic for comorbidities associated with these variables, and a tendency for sarcopenic obesity seems to be present although more studies are needed. Also, we found that using cut-off points for disability risk 83.3% of the men and 38.7% of the women of our sample were at moderate or high risk of disability. Three years later this percentage has increased but only for women to 54.8%. Conclusions: Although men are at risk of disability, women quickly lose their functional capacity, making necessary a rapid intervention to reduce the risk of disability in this population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gait speed, balance and functional capacity in a sample of community-dwelling older adults

Introduction: Falls in older people is an important public health concern since they are responsible for a high number of hospitalizations, health complications, disability, and death. Gait speed has been identified as a predictor of health state in elderly populations and it is related to falls and functional capacity. The aim of this study was to identify the risk of falling in a sample of Portuguese older adults living in the community and to investigate the associations between gait speed, balance, and functionality. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Assessment included gait speed (GS) with 4-meter walk test; balance with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS); functional capacity with the Composite Physical Function Scale (CPF). Descriptive and correlational statistics were performed to analyze data. Results: 46 community-dwelling older adults (32 women; 14 men) aged 77 ± 9 years participated in our study. Mean value for GS was 1.17 ± 0.37 m/s which is normal for this population. For BBS and CPF median was 52 and 19, respectively. BBS results revealed a risk of falling off 43% and functional capacity of our participants was at moderate levels. The study of correlations between variables also showed positive associations between GS and BBS (R = 0.631; p = 0.00) and between GS and CPF (R = 0.605; p = 0.00). Conclusions: Positive associations between GS and balance and between GS and functional capacity highlight the role of GS in the assessment of fall risk and functional capacity since it is a simple and easy test to perform.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

El Patrimonio Inmaterial en proyectos de desarrollo territorial en Comunidades Indígenas de Los Andes Peruanos

Beginning with some ideas about the “anthropological turn” experimented by the intangible heritage concept in the last years, in this contribution the author deals with its use as a commodity by new types of rural sustainable tourism, especially that community-based tourism in Latin America. Based on the proposal of the “Territorial Development with Cultural Identity” view, used by NGOs and public development agencies at national and international level, the author refers to the group of those initiatives located in indigenous communities in southern Peru, and discuss about the anthropological contributions to those projects.A partir del giro antropológico experimentado en los últimos años en la concepción del patrimonio inmaterial, en este texto se indaga su uso como recurso en relación a los nuevos tipos de turismo sostenible desarrollados por las comunidades rurales indígenas de América Latina. Basándose en las propuestas del enfoque “Desarrollo Rural Territorial con Identidad Cultural” (DRT-IC), utilizado por ONGs y agencias de desarrollo nacional e internacionales, la autora sistematiza el conjunto de iniciativas de turismo rural comunitario desarrolladas por comunidades indígenas al sur del Perú y discute sobre la contribución de la antropología en estos proyectos.

Intangible Heritage in territorial development projects in Indigenous Communities of the Peruvian Andes

A partir del giro antropológico experimentado en los últimos años en la concepción del patrimonio inmaterial, en este texto se indaga su uso como recurso en relación a los nuevos tipos de turismo sostenible desarrollados por las comunidades rurales indígenas de América Latina. Basándose en las propuestas del enfoque “Desarrollo Rural Territorial con Identidad Cultural” (DRT-IC), utilizado por ONGs y agencias de desarrollo nacional e internacionales, la autora sistematiza el conjunto de iniciativas de turismo rural comunitario desarrolladas por comunidades indígenas al sur del Perú y discute sobre la contribución de la antropología en estos proyectos.Beginning with some ideas about the “anthropological turn” experimented by the intangible heritage concept in the last years, in this contribution the author deals with its use as a commodity by new types of rural sustainable tourism, especially that community-based tourism in Latin America. Based on the proposal of the “Territorial Development with Cultural Identity” view, used by NGOs and public development agencies at national and international level, the author refers to the group of those initiatives located in indigenous communities in southern Peru, and discuss about the anthropological contributions to those projects

Alcaldes y Kurakas. Origen y significado cultural de la fila de autoridades indígenas en Pisac (Calca, Cuzco)

En este texto se discute sobre el origen y el significado sociocultural del sistema de autoridades tradicionales vigente en la actualidad en las comunidades indígenas del distrito de Pisac, Calca, Cuzco. Para ello se explora el proceso histórico de resignificación experimentado por estas autoridades andinas y se discute sobre su relación con el sistema hereditario de kurakazgos vigente durante todo el Periodo Colonial. La celebración de la festividad del Corpus en el pueblo de Pisac, una de las más antiguas y particularmente asociada a la población indígena en los Andes, es el hilo conductor seleccionado para ilustrar este proceso.Ce texte traite de l’origine et de la signification socioculturelle du système des autorités traditionnelles qui demeure en vigueur dans les communautés indiennes du district de Pisac (Calca, Cuzco). La mutation vécue par ces autorités indiennes y est envisagée comme une tentative de redéfinition de leur sens même et elle y est analysée dans son rapport au système héréditaire de caciquats ayant fonctionné durant toute l’époque coloniale. La célébration de la fête du Corpus dans le village de Pisac, fort ancienne et particulièrement liée aux Indiens, servira de fil conducteur à cette démonstration.This work discusses the origin and socio-cultural meaning of the system of traditional authorities present in the indigenous communities of the district of Pisac, Calca, Cuzco. It explores the revalidating historical process experienced by these Andean authorities and its relationship to the hereditary system of kurakazgos that was commonplace during the entire colonial period. The Corpus celebration in the town of Pisac, one of the oldest and most associated with the indigenous population of the Andes, is the thread that unites and illustrates this process

Festive time and sacred space in the Andes. Between Christianity and indigenous tradition

En este artículo se aborda el significado cultural del territorio andino a través de la interpretación de un conjunto seleccionado de liturgias de inversión que tienen lugar en la fiesta de la navidad en un grupo de comunidades quechuas del sur andino peruano. La concepción sagrada que los pobladores indígenas imprimen al territorio a través de sus prácticas rituales a lo largo del año permite entrever la naturaleza híbrida de la tradición andina.This study examines the cultural meaning of the Andes territory through the interpretation of a set of selected liturgical inversions that take place in Christmas celebrations among a group of Quechua communities of the southern Peruvian Andes. The sacred conception that the indigenous settlers imprinted on the territory with their ritual practices over the year enables a glimpse of the hybrid nature of Andean tradition.Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granad

Engineering Mycobacterium smegmatis for testosterone production

11 p.-8 fig.-1 tab.A new biotechnological process for the production of testosterone (TS) has been developed to turn the model strain Mycobacterium smegmatis suitable for TS production to compete with the current chemical synthesis procedures. We have cloned and overexpressed two genes encoding microbial 17b-hydroxysteroid: NADP 17-oxidoreductase, from the bacterium Comamonas testosteroni and from the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus.The host strains were M. smegmatis wild type and a genetic engineered androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) producing mutant. The performances of the four recombinant bacterial strains have been tested both in growing and resting-cell conditions using natural sterols and AD as substrates respectively. These strains were able to produce TS from sterols or AD with high yields. This work represents a proof of concept of the possibilities that offers this model bacterium for the production of pharmaceutical steroids using metabolic engineering approaches.This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2006-15214-C03-01,BFU2009-11545-C03-03) and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BIO2012-39695-C02-01).Peer reviewe