Evaluation of basil genotypes (Ocumum spp.) grown in Serbia

Evaluacija genotipova bosiljka (Ocimum spp.) obuhvatila je proučavanje agro-morfoloških, hemijskih i bioloških osobina herbe i etarskog ulja. Materijal za realizaciju istraživanja činilo je trinaest introdukovanih genotipova bosiljka. Evaluacija genotipova bosiljka izvršena je na nivou fenotipa, po obliku izraņenosti kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih osobina. Upotrebna vrednost, hemotipska pripadnost i biološka aktivnost određena je na osnovu karakteristika etarskog ulja i herbe. Analizirano je 14 kvantitavnih i 15 kvalitativnih agro-morfoloških osobina genotipova bosiljka. Na nivou svih trinaest genotipova, za analizirana kvantitativna svojstava, genetička varijansa je činila najveći deo ukupne fenotipske varijanse. Koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu za sve ispitivane agro-morfološke osobine iznosio je preko 99%, što ukazuje da su osobine genetički snaņno uslovljene i u visokom stepenu nasledne. Kvalitativna svojstva stabljike, lista i cvasti analizirana su osnovu na morfoloških markera po procedurama UPOV-a, i konstatovane su razlike između ispitivanih genotipova. Ocena dekorativne vrednosti genotipova bosiljka izvršena je na osnovu kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih osobina lista, cvasti i stabljike. Genotipovi bosiljka se među sobom značajno razlikuju po količini (%) etarskog ulja u suvoj herbi. Prosečna količina etarskog ulja u herbi varirala je od 0,61% (Fino verde) do 1,05 % (Purple ruffles). Koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu za količinu etarskog ulja iznosio je preko 98% što ukazuje na to da je ova osobina genetički snaņno uslovljena. GC/MS etarskih ulja identifikovano je 75 komponenti što predstavlja 100% ukupnog hemijskog sastava. Od identifikovanih komponenti 29 pripadaju monoterpenima, 33 seskviterpenima, 6 fenilpropanoidima i 7 drugim jedinjenjima. U etarskom ulju genotipa Fino verde identifikovano je najviše komponenti (63) a najmanje kod Siam queen (37)...Evaluation of basil genotypes (Ocimum spp.) has encompassed the study of agro-morphological, chemical and biological properties of the herbe and the essential oil. Materials used in the examination included 13 introduced basil genotypes. Evaluation of basil genotypes has been carried out on the level of phenotypes, according to the measurability level of qualitative and quantitative properties. Usability value, chemotype class and biological activity has been determined based on the properties of the essential oil and the herb. The analysis has included 14 quantitative and 15 qualitative agro-morphological properties of phenotypes. Regarding the quantitative properties analyzed, the total phenotype variance was made of the genetic variance on the level of all thirteen genotypes. Regarding all examined agro-morphological properties in a larger sense, heritability was over 99%, indicating to the properties as genetically conditioned and considerably heraditary. UPOV procedures were applied to analyze stem, leaf and blossom qualitative properties based on morphological markers; differences among the genotypes examined were thus determined. Decorative value of basil genotypes was assessed based on qualitative and quantitative properties of the stem, leaf and blossom. There are considerable differences among basil genotypes as per the quantity (%) of essential oil in a dry herb. Average quantity of essential oil in a herb varied from 0.61% (Fino verde) to 1.05% (Purple ruffles). Heritability considered in a larger sense in terms of the quantity of essential oil was over 98%, which indicated that this property was strongly genetically conditioned. GC/MS identify 75 components in essential oils. Among the components identified, 29 were classified as monoterpenes, 33 as sesquiterpenes, 6 as phenylpropanoids and 7 as other..

Uticaj stakleničkih uslova na sadržaj Zn, Fe i Cu u plodovima paradajza

Tomato investigations were carried out under greenhouse and field conditions. The aim was to determine the extent to which greenhouse conditions influence the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Plants grown under field conditions were used as the control. Tomato trials were performed during different periods. Greenhouse trials were carried out in the winter and the spring period (January-June), and field trials in the spring and the summer period (May-September). Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) content was established in ripe tomato fruits. Greenhouse conditions were found to effect zinc and iron content in tomato, whereas copper content was unaltered.Paradajz je proučavan u stakleniku i na otvorenom polju. Proučavanja su obavljena da bi se odredio uticaj staklenika na hemijski sastav plodova paradajza. Otvoreno polje je uzeto kao kontrola. Ogledi sa paradajzom su izvođeni u različito vreme. U stakleniku su izvođeni u toku zime i proleća (januar-juni), a na otvorenom polju su izvođeni u toku proleća i leta (maj-septembar). U zrelim plodovima paradajza određen je sadržaj cinka (Zn), gvožđa (Fe) i bakra (Cu). Staklenik je uticao na sadržaj cinka i gvožđa u paradajzu, dok se sadržaj bakra nije menjao

Ocena dekorativne vrednosti domaćih populacija bosiljka

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L) as annual flowers is using in arranging and forming gardens, forming trimmings and breeding in containers. The varieties colored with antocyans, of low growth, bushy habitus and shortened dihasial cluster of flowers particularly are highly rated. It is also using as dried flower for making bouquets and various arrangements. The aim of this research is to perform general morphological description and evaluation of ten selected domestic basic populations and evaluation of their decorative value. Selected populations are marked as T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-5, T-6, T-7, T-8 T-9 and T-10 and deposited in the Serbian Plant Genes Bank since 2002. Researches with the aim of evaluation of its decorative value and application in horticulture had conducted during 2001, 2002 and 2003. As attractive ones populations T-1 and T-10 were evaluated, and as decorative ones T- 2, T-4 T-6, T-8, T-9 were evaluated. As annual flowers with different purposes and applications in space decoration, these populations could be recommending. As medium decorative were evaluated populations T-3 and T-5, and as the least decorative population T-7.Bosiljak (Ocimum basilicum L) se koristi kao jednogodišnje cveće u aranžiranju i oblikovanju vrtova, za formiranje bordura i uzgoj u kontejnerima. Posebno su cenjeni antocijanima obojeni varijateti niskog rasta, žbunastog habitusa i skraćenih dihazijalnih cvasti. Koristi se i kao suvo cveće za izradu buketa i različitih aranžmana. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se izvrši opšta morfološka deskripcija deset odabranih domaćih populacija bosiljka i oceni njihova dekorativna vrednost. Odabrane populacije su označene kao T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-5, T-6, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-10 i deponovane u Banci Biljnih Gena Srbije 2002. godine. Tokom 2001, 2002 i 2003. godine izvršena su istraživanja u cilju ocene njihove dekorativne vrednosti i primene u cvećarstvu. Kao atraktivne ocenjene su populacije T-1 i T-10 dekorativne su T-2, T-4, T-6, T-8,T- 9. Ove populacije se mogu preporučiti kao jednogodišnje cveće različite namene i primene u dekoraciji prostora. Srednje dekorativne su populacije T-3 i T-5, a malo dekorativna ocenjena je populacija T-7

Tolerantnost kukuruza (Zea mays L.) na prisustvo NaCl tokom klijanja i nicanja

Since corn is grown in climatically diverse regions and under different production conditions, assuming that high salinity in the substrate affect corn seed performance, such conditions were simulated in this study in order to examine their effects on seedling geminability and length in several corn genotypes. The study showed that the tested seeds tolerated the stress conditions up to a certain point. The studied genotypes differed in level of resistance to the stress conditions. Salt concentrations were determined, which were capable of affecting negatively seed germinability and seedling growth.S obzirom na širok areal rasprostranjenja i na različite uslove proizvodnje, seme kukuruza izloženo je različitim stresnim uslovima koji vladaju u pojedinim rejonima. Seme različitih genotipova kukuruza izloženo je različitim nepovoljnim faktorima. Simulirani su uslovi povećanog sadržaja soli u supstratu kao i njihov uticaj na klijavost i dužinu klijanca kod pojedinih genotipova kukuruza. Seme svih biljnih vrsta je osetljivo na nepovoljne uslove koji se mogu javiti u prirodi. Povećan sadržaj soli može da utiče na smanjenje klijavosti semena kukuruza kao i na smanjenje dužine korena i dužine ponika. Ispitivanja su pokazala razliku između genotipova u otpornosti na stresne uslove. Takođe ispitivanjem su utvrđene koncentracije koje mogu imati negativan uticaj kako na klijavost semena tako i na porast klice. Istraživanje je pokazalo da ispitivano seme može podneti određene nepovoljne uslove

Uticaj prirodnih biostimulatora i spororazlagajućeg đubriva na kvalitet rasada ruzmarina (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

In the present work the effect of natural biostimulators and different doses of slow disintegrating fertilizer on the quality of rosemary seedlings was studied. Rosemary seedlings were produced in containers, according to the 'speedling system'. During the production of seedlings natural biostimulators Megafol and Viva and microbiological fertilizer Slavol were added. The applied biostimulators made a significant effect on the quality of rosemary seedlings. Different doses of the slow disintegrating fertilizer Scotts (Osmocote Extact) were applied (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l), which also produced a significant influence.U radu je ispitivan uticaj prirodnih biostimulatora i različitih doza spororazlagajućeg đubriva na kvalitet rasada ruzmarina. Rasad ruzmarina je proizveden u kontejnerima po 'speedling sistemu'. Tokom proizvodnje rasada dodavani su prirodni biostimulatori Megafol i Viva i mikrobiološko đubrivo Slavol. Upotrebljeni biostimulatori su ostvarili značajan efekat na kvalitet rasada ruzmarina. Korišćene su i različite doze spororazlagajućeg đubriva (0, 1, 2, 3 i 4 g/l) Scotts (Osmocote Extact), koje su također ostvarile značajan uticaj

Primena spororazlagajućeg đubriva pri različitim načinima proizvodnje rasada miloduha

In Serbia the production of hyssop nursery seedlings is still extensive, i.e. in cool layers (nude roots system). Intensive production, i.e. in containers (speedling system) and pots (pot system) is mostly used in vegetable and flower production. The use of slow-disintegrating fertilizers in the production of nursery seedlings tends to decrease salt concentrations in the substrate, being the result of controlled emission of nutrients in the fertilizers. In addition, in case of high substrate humidity and poor insolation plants receive high quality nutrients. The aim of the study was to develop novel technological solutions using intensive production and slow-disintegrating fertilizers in order to contribute to high quality nursery seedlings. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that both speedling and pot systems of production have a significant influence on the quality of hyssop nursery seedlings.Proizvodnja rasada miloduha (Hyssopus officinalis L.) se u Srbiji, još uvek se odvija na ekstenzivan način, u hladnim lejama (po sistemu golih žila). Intenzivni načini proizvodnje; u kontejnerima (speedling system) i saksijama (pot system) najviše se koriste u povrtarskoj i cvećarskoj proizvodnji. Kako je, kvalitetan rasad uslov uspešne proizvodnje cilj istraživanja bio je iznalaženje novih tehnoloških rešenja primenom intenzivnih načina proizvodnje uz upotrebu spororazlagajućeg đubriva u proizvodnji rasada miloduha. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značajan efekat primene "speedling i pot" načina proizvodnje na kvalitet rasada miloduha

Uticaj različitih doza spororazlagajućeg đubriva na kvalitet rasada kadifice (Tagetes patula L.) i ukrasne žalfije (Salvia splendens L.)

The paper investigates the effect of applying different rate of slow disintegrating fertilizer Scotts (Osmocot Exact) with the formula 15:9:9:MgO+Me to the quality of seedlings of marigold and scarlet sage. The marigold and scarlet sage seedlings were grown in poly-propylene containers (speedling system) and poly-propylene pots (pot system). Slow disintegrating fertilizer rate have been applied to the seedlings in the course of their growing (0, 1, 2, 3, i 4 g/l). The obtained data show that the 4g/l substrate rate of slow disintegrating fertilizer has significant effects on the studied parameters of seedlings quality of studied species.U radu je ispitivan uticaj različitih doza spororazlagajućeg đubriva Scotts (Osmocot Exact) formulacije 15:9:9:MgO+Me na kvalitet rasada kadifice i ukrasne žalfije. Rasad kadifice i ukrasne žalfije je proizveden u polipropilenskim kontejnerima (speedling system) i polipropilenskim saksijama (pot system). U toku proizvodnje rasada dodavano je spororazlagajuće đubrivo u dozama (0, 1, 2, 3, i 4 g/l). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da doza spororazlagajućeg đubriva od 4g/l supstrata značajno utiče na ispitivane parametre kvaliteta rasada ispitivanih vrsta

Uticaj različitih supstrata na kvalitet rasada bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum L.)

In this study five different substrates were used, such as: compost; mixture of compost, Lumbrikus H and garden soil; mixture of compost and Lumbrikus H; mixture of compost, Lumbrikus H and peat Galicina and Seedling Klassman substrate. Basil seedling was produced in containers according to "speeding" system. The studies have shown that the best quality of basil seedling of varieties Genovese and Lattuga is achieved when the mixture of substrates Compost, Lumbrikus H and Galicina peat are applied in the volume proportion of 50% : 30% : 20%.U radu je ispitivano pet različitih supstrata kao što su; kompost; mešavina komposta, Lumbrikusa H i baštenske zemlje; mešavina komposta i Lumbrikusa H; mešavina komposta, Lumbrikusa H i treseta Galicine i Seedling Klassman supstrat. Rasad bosiljka je proizveden u kontejnerima po "speeding" sistemu. Ispitivanja su pokazala da se najbolji kvalitet rasada bosiljka sorata Genovese i Lattuga ostvaruje pri mešavini supstrata Komposta, Lumbrikus H i Galicina treseta u zapreminskom odnosu od 50% : 30% : 20

Uticaj različitih doza spororazlagajućeg đubriva na kvalitet rasada gazanije (Gazania rigens L.)

The work has examined the influence of slow disintegrating fertilizer rates of Scotts (Osmocote Exact) formulation 15:9:9:MgO + Me on quality of Gazania rigens L. seedlings. The seedlings of Gazania rigens L. was produced in polystyrene containers (speedling system) and polypropylene pots (pot system). During the production of seedlings the fertilizer has been applied in rates (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4g/l). The results show that the fertilizer rate of substrata 4g/l influences the qualitative properties of Gazania rigens L. seedlings.U radu je ispitivan uticaj različitih doza spororazlagajućih đubriva Scotts (Osmocote Exact) formulacije 15:9:9:MgO + Me na kvalitet rasada gazanije. Rasad gazanije je proizveden u polistirenskim kontejnerima (speedling system) i polipropilenskim saksijama (pot system). U toku proizvodnje rasada dodavano je đubrivo u dozama (0, 1, 2, 3, i 4g/l). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da doza đubriva od 4g/l supstrata značajno utiče na kvalitativne osobine rasada gazanije

Mineralni sastav različitih genotipova bosiljka (Ocimum spp.)

This experiment investigated mineral composition of 13 basil genotypes (Ocimum spp.) in order to find varieties supporting human dietary intake of essential minerals and to evaluate basil genotypes which could serve for herbal production as raw material in pharmaceutical or food processing industry. In addition, this study tested a potential risk of the accumulation of heavy metals during the commercial production of basil on agricultural soil. Mineral composition of basil genotypes was found to be in association with its genetic potential, where some of them can be used in human nutrition as an additional source of several minerals, particularly micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn), which generally improve human immune system. Iron-rich basil genotypes were identified in this experiment, like Compact (3576.0 mg/kg), with Lattuga (1585.6 mg/kg) and Blue spice (1167.9 mg/kg) genotypes, containing more than 1000 mg/kg of Fe in herbal part on dry basil (d.m.). This attract a special attention as a source of iron, especially for humans with low Fe intake, and consequently, for people with low level of hemoglobin. Basil grown on agricultural soil was tested on the accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb), which were not found to be excessive in herbal parts of the plants. Cluster analysis (CA) distinguished Ocmium spp. genotypes in two separate groups. Despite of significant differences among the genotypes, content of Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb made a clear distinction between the clusters.U radu je ispitan mineralni sastav 13 različitih genotipova bosiljka (Ocimum spp. L.), sa ciljem da se odrede tipovi koji bi mogli da posluže kao dopunski izvori esencijalnih elementa u ljudskoj ishrani, kao i da se odrede genotipovi koji bi poslužili za proizvodnju herbe kao sirovine za farmaceutsku ili prehrambenu industriju. Takođe, u ovom istraživanju je testiran i potencijalni rizik vezan za zagađenje bosiljka teškim metalima pri njegovom komercijalnom gajenju na poljoprivrednom zemljištu. Mineralni sastav ispitivanih genotipova uglavnom je uslovljen njegovim genetskim karakteristikama, ukazujući da u ishrani čoveka ova lekovita biljna vrsta može poslužiti kao značajan izvor nekih od esencijalnih elemenata, naročito mikroelemenata (Fe, Mn i Zn), koji generalno doprinose jačanju ljudskog imuno sistema. Posebno je važno što su u ovom istraživanju identifikovani neki genotipovi bogati gvožđem, kao što je to Compact, kao genotip sa ekstremno visokim nivom Fe u herbi (3576,0 mg/kg), a koji bi zajedno sa genotipovima Lattuga (1585,6 mg/kg) i Blue Spice (1167,9 mg/kg) koji sadrže više od 1000 mg/kg Fe u suvoj materiji herbe, trebali da privuku posebnu pažnju kao izvori ovog elementa u ishrani ljudi kod kojih je evidentiran njegov nedostatak, načešće ispoljen sa pojavom anemije, odnosno, slabom sintezom hemoglobina. Gajenje bosiljka na poljoprivrednom zemljištu nije uslovilo povećanu akumulaciju teških metala (Cu, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr i Pb) u herbi, pa se može reći da su ovi proizvodi sa aspekta zagađenosti teškim metalima potpuno bezbedni. Klaster analiza je podelila ispitivane genotipove bosiljka (Ocmium spp.) u dve grupe. Uprkos različitosti između genotipova, sadržaj Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni i Pb uticao je na jasnu podelu između klastera