Une théorie réaliste des prix et de la production

The assumption of a single price at any time is very generally imposed on market theorizing. It is unrealistic, but generally accepted because of the needs of welfare theory, and of current theoretical methods. In order to evaluate the significance of the loss in realism from the use of this assumption, it seems to be worthwhile to start with the other extreme of complete ignorance in a market, and allow buyers and sellers to pair off at random, allowing a diversity of prices. It is very interesting that in such a "blind market" the quantity traded tends to be larger, by about 44 per cent.The theory of such a market can be based on a Marshallian industry, and many different versions are suggested. The theory does seem to give useful insight into the results of imposing uniform pricing by barbers, and uniform wage rates in labour markets. The loss in trade and employment seems to be great enough that we should examine a little more carefully the arguments that have been accepted so easily that such uniformity implies greater equity

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2020

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. These annual evaluations will then facilitate the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production. Adaptation of varieties is determined by evaluating the lines at five University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture research sites (Manila, Keiser, Judd Hill, Marianna, and Rohwer). Entries in the 2020 Arkansas Cotton Variety Test were evaluated in two groups—transgenic and conventional varieties. The 51 entries in the transgenic test included 7 B2XF, 30 B3XF, 12 W3FE, and 2 GLTP lines which were evaluated at all five locations. The conventional test included 10 entries which were evaluated at all locations except Manila. Reported data include lint yield, lint percentage, plant height, percent open bolls, yield component variables, fiber properties, leaf pubescence, stem pubescence, and bract trichome density. All entries in the experiments were evaluated for response to tarnished plant bug and bacterial blight in separate tests at Keiser. This 2020 report includes results of large-plot variety tests in 10 counties that were coordinated by Bill Robertson

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2019

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. These annual evaluations will then facilitate the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production. Adaptation of varieties is determined by evaluating the lines at five University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture research sites (Manila, Keiser, Judd Hill, Marianna, and Rohwer). Entries in the 2019 Arkansas Cotton Variety Test were evaluated in two groups—transgenic and conventional varieties. The 50 entries in the transgenic test included 9 B2XF, 25 B3XF, 13 W3FE, and 3 GLTP lines which were evaluated at all five locations. The conventional test included 15 entries which were evaluated at all locations except Manila. Reported data include lint yield, lint percentage, plant height, percent open bolls, yield component variables, fiber properties, leaf pubescence, stem pubescence, and bract trichome density. All entries in the experiments were evaluated for response to tarnished plant bug and bacterial blight in separate tests at Keiser. This 2019 report includes results of large-plot variety tests in 10 counties that were coordinated by Bill Robertson

Evaluation of alpha-synuclein immunohistochemical methods for the detection of Lewy-type synucleinopathy in gastrointestinal biopsies

The observation showing that Lewy type synucleinopathy (LTS), the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD), is found in the gut of almost all PD subjects led to a substantial amount of research to develop a diagnostic procedure in living patients based on endoscopically obtained gastrointestinal biopsies. However, the existing studies have provided conflicting results regarding the sensitivity and specificity of gastrointestinal biopsies for the detection of LTS. We therefore undertook a multi-center staining and blinded judging of a common set of slides from colonic biopsies to determine the optimal protocol for the detection of LTS. Four different immunohistochemical methods, developed in four separate expert laboratories, were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity to detect enteric LTS. Test sets of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from biopsies of 9 PD subjects and 3 controls were stained with the 4 methods and graded by 4 different observers. Four types of staining morphology (granular staining in the lamina propria, perivascular/vascular wall staining in the submucosa, lacy-granular pattern in the submucosa and epithelial cell nuclear staining) were variably observed in the slides stained by the 4 methods. Positive alpha-synuclein staining was observed by all 5 judges in most of the slides from control cases, regardless of the staining methods that were used. Moreover, none of the tested method or staining pattern had a specificity and sensitivity more than 80 % regarding to PD. Overall, our study suggest that the tested methods are not adequate for the prediction of PD using gastrointestinal biopsies. Future studies are warranted to test new immunostaining methods