Lignes ferroviaires à grande vitesse et dynamiques locales : une analyse comparée de la littérature

Dans ce contexte, cette communication s'intéresse spécifiquement au rôle des lignes ferroviaires à grande vitesse (LGV) sur les dynamiques économiques locales. Cette question est en effet d'actualité compte tenu des nombreux projets de lignes à grande vitesse au niveau mondial (USA, Brésil, Chine, etc.) et européen (Portugal, Espagne, France, etc.) et de la diversité des attentes qu'ils suscitent (dynamisme économique général, attractivité de nouvelles entreprises ou de ménages (qui bénéficieraient de nouvelles opportunités en matière de mobilité domicile/travail), développement de programmes immobiliers résidentiels ou de centres d'affaires autour des gares, développement du tourisme, renouvellement de l'identité urbaine, etc.). Cette communication se propose d'inviter à la prudence quant à cette liaison en mettant en évidence les écarts entre ces attentes exprimées dans la littérature grise ex ante à l'échelle nationale et internationale et les résultats de cette littérature ex post (1). Si l'existence de tels écarts renforce l'hypothèse selon laquelle des conditions doivent être réunies pour que d'éventuels effets se produisent, nous montrerons que ces conditions énoncées précisément dans la littérature académique, ne sont reprises que partiellement dans la littérature grise (2). Or ces conditions permettent de montrer que les effets sont toujours le produit d'une confrontation singulière entre une desserte, un contexte territorial spécifique et des jeux d'acteurs particuliers ; une reproduction à l'identique de cas particuliers de success stories est alors nécessairement illusoire.Infrastructures de transport ; Développement local ; Ligne ferroviaire à grande vitesse ; Effets structurants

Desserte ferroviaire à grande vitesse, activation des ressources spécifiques et développement du tourisme : le cas de l’agglomération rémoise

La LGV est-européenne a été mise en service le 10 juin 2007. Les acteurs économiques des territoires desservis attendent beaucoup de cette arrivée notamment en matière de développement des tourismes urbain et d’affaires. Mais un tel développement n’est pas automatique. C’est l’appropriation collective de l’innovation que constitue la desserte à grande vitesse dans un territoire qui est au coeur de ses effets positifs. En effet, cette appropriation collective constitue une innovation relationnelle de laquelle peuvent naître des innovations de services complémentaires en matière de tourisme susceptibles de valoriser les ressources spécifiques existantes (patrimoine historique, culturel, gastronomique, etc.). Ainsi, si l’existence de ressources spécifiques joue un rôle pour les villes desservies, les efforts coordonnés des acteurs pour favoriser la “mise en tourisme” de la ville sont également décisifs. L’analyse est illustrée par le cas de l’agglomération rémoise.The East European High-Speed Rail started on June 10, 2007. Economic actors of beneficiary territories are expecting a lot of positive effects such as the development of urban and business tourisms. But such development is not automatic. The collective appropriation of the innovations linked to a High-Speed Rail Service seems to be central for generating positive effects. Indeed, this collective appropriation constitutes a relational innovation, which may give birth to additional services innovations in tourism that could enhance the value of existing specific resources (historical, cultural, gastronomic, etc.) and turn them into assets. Thus, if the availability of specific resources plays a specific role for the connected cities, coordinated efforts of actors to promote the tourist development of the city are also decisive. We will illustrate our subject with the case of Rheims

Effects of discontinuing or continuing ongoing statin therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study

International audienceABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Recent publications suggest potential benefits from statins as a preventive or adjuvant therapy in sepsis. Whether ongoing statin therapy should be continued or discontinued in patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) for sepsis is open to question. METHODS: We retrospectively compared patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in whom statin therapy had been discontinued or continued. The primary endpoint was the number of organ failure-free days at day 14. Secondary end-points included hospital mortality and safety. The association of statin continuation with outcome was evaluated for crude analysis and after propensity score matching and adjustment. We also measured plasma atorvastatin concentrations in a separate set of ICU septic patients continuing the drug. RESULTS: Patients in whom statin therapy had been continued in the ICU (n = 44) had significantly more organ failure-free days (11 67891011121314 vs. 6 [0-12], mean difference of 2.34, 95%CI from 0.47 to 5.21, P = 0.03) as compared to others (n = 32). However, there were important imbalances between groups, with more hospital-acquired infections, more need for surgery before ICU admission, and a trend towards more septic shock at ICU admission in the discontinuation group. The significant association of statin continuation with organ failure free days found in the crude analysis did not persist after propensity-matching or multivariable adjustment: beta coefficients [95% CI] of 2.37 [-0.96 to 5.70] (P = 0.20) and 2.24 [-0.43 to 4.91] (P = 0.11) respectively. We found particularly high pre-dose and post-dose atorvastatin concentrations in ICU septic patients continuing the drug. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing statin therapy in ICU septic patients was not associated with reduction in the severity of organ failure after matching and adjustment. In addition, the very high plasma concentrations achieved during continuation of statin treatment advocates some caution

Images de la bibliothèque

Journée d\u27étude organisée par l\u27enssib et la Bpi À l’ère du numérique et des réseaux sociaux, quelle image se fait-on des bibliothèques ? Les clichés datés de lieux poussiéreux, silencieux et réglementés ont encore cours comme le montrent certains résultats d’enquête. Une image en décalage avec la réalité actuelle de bibliothèques affichant des missions innovantes et bénéficiant d’équipements largement renouvelés. Cette manifestation constitue le premier numéro du rendez-vous annuel mis en place par la Bpi et l’enssib afin de présenter les résultats de travaux d’études récents, conduits ou initiés par les deux établissements

Shedding Light on the Chemical Diversity of Ectopic Calcifications in Kidney Tissues: Diagnostic and Research Aspects

In most industrialized countries, different epidemiologic studies show that chronic renal failure is dramatically increasing. Such major public health problem is a consequence of acquired systemic diseases such as type II diabetes, which is now the first cause for end stage renal failure. Furthermore, lithogenic diseases may also induce intratubular crystallization, which may finally result in end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Up to now, such rare diseases are often misdiagnosed. In this study, based on twenty four biopsies, we show that SR µFTIR (Synchrotron Radiation-µFourier transform infrared) spectroscopy constitutes a significant opportunity to characterize such pathological µcalcifications giving not only their chemical composition but also their spatial distribution in the tissues. This experimental approach offers new opportunities to the clinicians to describe at the cell level the physico-chemical processes leading to the formation of the pathological calcifications which lead to ESRF

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Antagonist Blocks the Development of Endometriosis In Vivo

Endometriosis, a disease of reproductive age women, is a major cause of infertility, menstrual disorders and pelvic pain. Little is known about its etiopathology, but chronic pelvic inflammation is a common feature in affected women. Beside symptomatic treatment of endometriosis-associated pain, only two main suboptimal therapeutic approaches (hormonal and invasive surgery) are generally recommended to patients and no specific targeted treatment is available. Our studies led to the detection of a marked increase in the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the eutopic endometrium, the peripheral blood and the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, and in early, vascularized and active endometriotic lesions. Herein, we developed a treatment model of endometriosis, where human endometrial tissue was first allowed to implant into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, to assess in vivo the effect of a specific antagonist of MIF (ISO-1) on the progression of endometriosis and evaluate its efficacy as a potential therapeutic tool. Administration of ISO-1 led to a significant decline of the number, size and in situ dissemination of endometriotic lesions. We further showed that ISO-1 may act by significantly inhibiting cell adhesion, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation as well as by altering the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. Actually, mice treatment with ISO-1 significantly reduced the expression of cell adhesion receptors αv and ß3 integrins (P<0.05), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 (P<0.05), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) (P<0.01), interleukin 8 (IL8) (P<0.05), cyclooxygenease (COX)2 (P<0.001) and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 (P<0.01), but significantly induced the expression of Bax (P<0.05), a potent pro-apoptotic protein. These data provide evidence that specific inhibition of MIF alters endometriotic tissue growth and progression in vivo and may represent a promising potential therapeutic avenue