466 research outputs found

    Optimization of protein-lipid comlex by its fatty acid and vitamin composition

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    The polycomponent protein-lipid compositions are traditionally used in minced meat products to regulate nutritional value, functional, technological and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product. The present article presents the results of research aimed to creation of antioxidant-enriched protein-lipid complex (PLC) with the optimal ratio ω3: ω6 of PUFA. The ratio of lipid component was optimized by linear programming method, where the recommended ratio of ω-6: ω-3 of PUFA as 10: 1 was used as term of limitation. In result of calculations the fatty component was obtained by blending of rendered beef fat with soybean oil and sunflower oil in the following ratio: rendered beef fat — 73%, sunflower oil — 15%, soybean oil — 12%. After that the PLC formulation was optimized by research of influence of the introduced protein complex in amount from 4% to 10% and the fatty component in amount from 40% to 43% on index of shear stress of the PLC. The introduced amount of protein, fat and water is taken in ratio 1:(4–7):(4–7) commonly used in the meat processing industry to form the functional and technological characteristics of the minced meat. In result of experiments the following PLC formulation was adopted, which provides the necessary stable consistency of the mixture: protein complex — 9%, fatty component — 42%, water — 49%. To enrich meat products with vitamins and antioxidants it is proposed to include into PLC an extract obtained with microwave field 800 W from the Daurian rosehips which grows in the Far East region. The obtained PLC has a high water-retaining capacity; it remains stable while heating and it can be stored for five days without any visible signs of deterioration, as the peroxide value remains within the permissible limits. PLC features optimal ratio of ω-6: ω-3 of PUFA, equal to 10:1, and a high value of the total antioxidants equal to 5.4 mg/g.

    Features of the distribution of manganese in soils of the Prichulym taiga in Tomsk region during forest logging

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    In the course of the summer expedition, soil samples were taken from the upper, the most ‘active’ for migration and pollution by chemical elements, horizon in the taiga zone of Zyryanskiy district, Tomsk region. Soils were sampled in two plots: in a typical taiga forest and in the area after selective logging carried out six years ago. The selected soil samples were analyzed for the presence and total content of manganese. As a result of statistical data processing, the average value of the content of this element was obtained. Changes in the species composition of vegetation in the logged area could affect the redistribution of the considered chemical element in the soil. For a complete picture of the deposition and the reasons for possible migration of manganese in the upper layer of the soil horizon, the acid-base conditions and the organic component (humus) were additionally determined in the soil samples. The global indicators of the world’s soils – clarke values – were used as standards to compare with the average values of the manganese content in soil. The obtained average values of manganese in the upper horizon of soils in the studied areas were compared with respect to the data on the content of manganese in soils of the taiga forest zone of Eurasia. The southeast of Tomsk region is included in this zone. Based on the ecological and geochemical analysis, the reasons for the change in the content of manganese and the degree of its dangerous impact have been revealed. This characteristic made it possible to interpret the data obtained on the manganese content in the soil of the study areas, as well as to assess the state of the environment after anthropogenic transformation and other possible factors

    ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ЕДИНИЦЫ НАУЧНОГО ТЕКСТА

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    According to the systematic approach the scientific text is a complicated system of subtexts which reflect the ontology, methodology, and axiology, reflective and pragmatic components of the scientist cognitive activity. An important extralinguistic factor, determining pragmatic content of the text is the “addressee-factor”. The article reviews the manifestation of this factor in Russian scientific texts. Linguistic units, which represent pragmatic information, should be combined in a specific text substructure – the subtext of addressing. This subtext is redundant for the formation of the cognitive content of the text, but it is necessary for the exposition of the scientific content, i.e. its presentation for the reader according to the standards of scientific style, because due to it the reader gets oriented in the text. The article reviews various types of operators of pragmatic information – cliché units, which “pack” the cognitive content. Some of these units reflect prospect and retrospect of exposition, others limit the problem of research, and the third activate the reader’s mind and involve him into dialogue with the author of the text. In addition to the above, the units of addressing provide for the cohesion of the overall text. On the whole, the subtext of addressing is a universal pragmatic means of scientific knowledge representation

    India – a Potential Major Non-NATO Ally

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    Introduction. Allied relations between India and United States were based during Barack Obama administration and were further developed with Donald Trump coming to power. The interplay that has intensified between states in recent years can contribute to the creation of a new geopolitical space – the Indo-Pacific region. Trade in arms and military equipment is the catalyst for cooperation and the major non-NATO ally status can create all favorable conditions for thus cooperation. United States and India rapprochement, caused, in particular, by geopolitical situation in the Asia-Pacific and the change of power in United States, has led to the emergence of discussions in the American political society about assigning India major non-NATO ally status. Seventeen states in various regions of the world already own this status. The methodological basis of the study was made up of the basic research principles of modern humanities: general scientific methods of cognition, comparison, complex analysis and synthesis. Analysis. The legal framework for cooperation between India and the United States in the military-technical area is formed by agreements on technology transfer, organization of joint development and production of weapons: Defense Cooperation Framework Agreement (2005), Arms and Military Technologies Trade Initiative (2012), Updated framework agreement (2015), Memorandum on material and technical exchange (2016), etc. On the basis of these agreements, a number of projects were successfully implemented. Despite the successes achieved in the development of military-technical cooperation, interaction is complicated by the difference in procedural approaches. As one of the ways to remove bureaucratic barriers, inconsistency in the transfer of technology, joint development and production of weapons systems was considered “major non-NATO ally status”. It could become an alternative to the allied security treaty and an addition to the previously concluded agreements. The proposal to grant India major non-NATO ally status was first received from congressmen led by Republican Joe Wilson. Authors recommended to expand bilateral defense and security cooperation to advance U.S. interests in South Asia and the Indo-Pacific region. Despite their efforts, bill did not receive enough votes. In 2019, similar bills were introduced to grant India as MNNA, which have not been implemented yet. Results. There are agreements that have already been implemented in bilateral cooperation. However, the challenge of building the Indo-Pacific region requires the use of all the tools that U.S. has in its arsenal. One of these tools is status. This study has shown that in the foreseeable future India is unlikely to join major non-NATO allies group because its policy has no place for American interests

    Contemporary aeolian processes and landforms on the Baikal Lake shore : gneral remarks

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    Współczesne procesy i formy eoliczne są nad Bajkałem zjawiskiem relatywnie powszechnym: ich rozwojowi sprzy-ja odpowiednia budowa geologiczna, systemy silnych wiatrów, zwłaszcza znad tafli jeziornej (czyli wiejących z półno-co-zachodu i południo-zachodu), a także zintensyfikowana abrazja brzegów oraz różne inne przejawy antropopresji. Wspom-niane formy i procesy są rozwinięte głównie w środkowej części wschodniego wybrzeża Bajkału, a także na łagodnym północno-zachodnim wybrzeżu wyspy Olchon, przy czym występują w postaci kilkunastu wyraźnych, relatywnie dużych i odosobnionych stanowisk, graniczących z kompleksami leśnymi lub powierzchniami stepowymi. Stara akumulacyjna rzeźba eoliczna (różnorodne wydmy, zachowane w niektórych miejscach pod pokrywą tajgi) jest współcześnie rozwie-wana: dominuje tu zatem deflacyjny typ rzeźby, współczesna eoliczna rzeźba akumulacyjna ma natomiast znaczenie dru-gorzędne. Obszary rozwoju współczesnej rzeźby eolicznej są na omawianym obszarze istotne pod względem rekreacyj-nym, powodują większe zróżnicowanie rzeźby, wzrost bioróżnorodności, a działalność rekreacyjna na tych obszarach może prowadzić do degradacji ich potencjału

    Hydrolysate of ovalbumin: production and evaluation of the functional properties of peptides

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    Chicken eggs proteins and their derivatives, like protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids, possess high nutritional value and provide a wide range of biological activity. They serve as sources for development of functional ingredients that draw the attention of specialists in the food production and biomedical industries, as well as the livestock feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a popular process for obtaining bioactive peptides with multifunctional properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with a high degree of hydrolysis and to determine its functional and technological parameters. The research presents a two-stage scheme of ovalbumin hydrolysis with the help of pepsin and trypsin which provide high degree of hydrolysis (82–83%). The fractional composition of the hydrolysate is determined. The fractional composition is represented by three main fractions (high, medium and low molecular weight). The summarized antioxidant activity (SAA) of the hydrolysate is considered within the dynamics of the hydrolysis process. The highest SAA value was noted after 2 hours, and it amounted to 170.23 mg/l; at the end of hydrolysis the SAA value was equal to 114.31 mg/l. When analyzing the SAA, it was found that the main contribution to the summarized antioxidant activity of the ovalbumin hydrolysate is made by peptides of the medium molecular fraction. The microfiltration process, used in the research, made it possible to separate high-molecular compounds, which led to an increase in the SAA of the hydrolysate to 189.9 mg/l. The main functional and technological parameters of the hydrolysate are determined in this research. The comprehensive study of the biological activity and functional characteristics of egg protein hydrolysates and their peptides provides a theoretical basis for expanding the range of functional ingredients obtained from food proteins and for replenishing the range of functional foods.Chicken eggs proteins and their derivatives, like protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids, possess high nutritional value and provide a wide range of biological activity. They serve as sources for development of functional ingredients that draw the attention of specialists in the food production and biomedical industries, as well as the livestock feed industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins is a popular process for obtaining bioactive peptides with multifunctional properties. The purpose of this study is to obtain a hydrolysate of ovalbumin with a high degree of hydrolysis and to determine its functional and technological parameters. The research presents a two-stage scheme of ovalbumin hydrolysis with the help of pepsin and trypsin which provide high degree of hydrolysis (82–83%). The fractional composition of the hydrolysate is determined. The fractional composition is represented by three main fractions (high, medium and low molecular weight). The summarized antioxidant activity (SAA) of the hydrolysate is considered within the dynamics of the hydrolysis process. The highest SAA value was noted after 2 hours, and it amounted to 170.23 mg/l; at the end of hydrolysis the SAA value was equal to 114.31 mg/l. When analyzing the SAA, it was found that the main contribution to the summarized antioxidant activity of the ovalbumin hydrolysate is made by peptides of the medium molecular fraction. The microfiltration process, used in the research, made it possible to separate high-molecular compounds, which led to an increase in the SAA of the hydrolysate to 189.9 mg/l. The main functional and technological parameters of the hydrolysate are determined in this research. The comprehensive study of the biological activity and functional characteristics of egg protein hydrolysates and their peptides provides a theoretical basis for expanding the range of functional ingredients obtained from food proteins and for replenishing the range of functional foods

    Media Communications of Executive Power: Assessing Effectiveness

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    Assessing the Effectiveness of Media Communications of Executive Power: An Analysis of Speeches. This study focuses on developing a method to evaluate the effectiveness of communication between Russian executive authorities and citizens. The empirical data was collected from posts on the official pages of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Perm Krai Ministry of Health, and Sverdlovsk Oblast Ministry of Health on the social media platform VKontakte. The relevance of this research lies in the need to establish objective measures of speech performance based on verifiable data. One such measure is the engagement coefficient of users, determined through the online service Popsters.ru. The novelty of this study lies in interpreting effectiveness as a complex characteristic represented by the reactions of recipients — likes, comments, and reposts. The proposed algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of media dialogue between authorities and citizens includes the following procedures: determining criteria for selecting content, automatic analysis of material, ranking publications, content analysis of publications, and identifying their discursive-stylistic features. It has been proven that the engagement of users in communication with authorities is influenced by the content, thematic, linguistic, and non-verbal parameters of the text (question-answer complexes, evaluative vocabulary, prospective and exclamatory constructions, categorization, emojis, etc.). This methodology can be used to assess the effectiveness of media dialogue between executive power and citizens on other digital platforms

    Species Differences of Imperative Mood of Russian Verbs in the Linguodidactic Aspect

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    One of the most difficult topics to be learned by students of Russian as a foreign language is represented by the verb aspects at the imperative mood. In this paper, the authors underline the need to develop a new approach to explain the differences and the correct use of imperative aspects used at the imperative mood, starting from the analysis of the directive speech acts linguopragmatic characteristics and based on the algorithmic learning method. The authors here present their algorithm, the aim of which is to make it easier for students to choose either the imperfect or the perfect aspect of an imperative verb in different communicative situations. The structure of the algorithm is defined on the base of three main factors: (1) the presence of the word “ ne ” (do not) which makes the sentence negative; (2) situations when, due to the action nature (repetitive or long-term procedural action), only the imperfect aspect must be used; (3) situations when the choice of the aspect relies on the pragmatic characteristics of the causative action, the more relevant of which authors identified in the expectedness / unexpectedness of the causative action. The algorithm developed by the authors was successfully implemented during a pilot experiment held at the Insubria University (Como, Italy) with students of Russian as a foreign language. The results of the experiment showed that algorithmization is an optimal method to train students in the correct use of the imperative aspects, since it allows to take into account at once the totality of linguistic and extralinguistic communication factors and to structure and better control the mental steps students have to make towards the correct solution

    Unresolved problems of Okinawa: Towards the 50th anniversary of Okinawa Prefecture’s reversion to Japan

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    The article addresses the current problems of the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa, the origins of which should be sought in the post-war history of the Ryukyu Islands, which were put under the occupation of the United States in 1945–1972. The authors have identified several problems that remain unresolved after Japan regained all legal and administrative rights to Okinawa in 1972. These issues include the economic development of Okinawa lagging behind the so-called “Japan proper” and the high concentration of American military bases and American servicepersons, which also exerts negative influence on the environmental and security situations in the island. Currently, more than 70% of all US military bases in Japan are located in Okinawa Prefecture. Against the background of emerging threats to regional and national security of Japan, which are associated with China’s growing military power and its territorial claims against Japan, as well as fears of change of the global order due to Russia conducting the special military operation in Ukraine and the escalation of tensions over Taiwan, the government of Japan tends to continue fulfilling their allied obligations to the United States. In this regard, the reduction of US military presence in Okinawa seems unlikely. On the contrary, future militarization of the region is to be expected. Meanwhile, prefectural authorities and the islands’ residents fear that, in the case of a military conflict, Okinawa will be the main target of enemy strikes. The results of public opinion polls of Okinawa residents, which have been conducted since the 1970s to the present times, show that, while the level of public support for the reversion of Okinawa to Japan is high, at the same time, dissatisfaction with the presence of US military bases in Okinawa persists. Most Okinawans support either a complete withdrawal of military facilities from the territory of the prefecture, or a fair division of the burden of US military bases’ presence with other prefectures, emphasizing their own distinct identity
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