Role of the middle ear muscle apparatus in mechanisms of speech signal discrimination

A method of impedance reflexometry was used to examine 101 students with hearing impairment in order to clarify the interrelation between speech discrimination and the state of the middle ear muscles. Ability to discriminate speech signals depends to some extent on the functional state of intraaural muscles. Speech discrimination was greatly impaired in the absence of stapedial muscle acoustic reflex, in the presence of low thresholds of stimulation and in very small values of reflex amplitude increase. Discrimination was not impeded in positive AR, high values of relative thresholds and normal increase of reflex amplitude in response to speech signals with augmenting intensity

New phase structure of the Nambu -- Jona - Lasinio model at nonzero chemical potential

It is shown that in the Nambu -- Jona - Lasinio model at nonzero chemical potential there are two different massive phases with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. In one of them particle density is identically zero, in another phase it is not equal to zero. The transition between phases is a phase transition of the second order.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figures

Spectral ellipsometry of cobalt-ions implanted silicon surface

© (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. Monocrystalline silicon wafers implanted by cobalt ions with energy of 40 keV at a fluence range from 6.6×1012 to 2.5×1017 Co+-ion/cm2 were investigated by optical spectroscopic ellipsometry. By comparison of experimental data with modeling it is shown that the ellipsometric measurements are accurate and reliable method for monitoring of a low-dose ion implantation process

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal stability of double borate Na3ErB2O6

Received: 05.10.2021. Revised: 18.10.2021. Accepted: 18.10.2021. Available online: 20.10.2021.Double borate Na3ErB2O6 was synthesized by the solid-state reaction. The crystal structure of Na3ErB2O6 was refined by the Rietveld method: P21/c, a = 6.49775(14) Å, b = 8.50424(17) Å, c = 12.0067(3) Å, β = 118.4797(9)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure of Na3ErB2O6 consists of –[ErO6]∞-chains along the "b" axis, which are linked by BO3 triangles in a three-dimensional framework. Sodium atoms occupy empty positions inside the channels. The thermal behavior of Na3ErB2O6 was studied in detail in the range of 25–1150 °C range by DSC and TG methods. Na3ErB2O6 congruently melts at 1116 °C. Based on the results of DSC measurements, three reversible phase transitions were found for Na3ErB2O6.The work was supported by Basic Project of BINM SB RAS № 0273-2021-0008. X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis were obtained using the equipment of the Collective Use Center BINM SB RAS

Beam-Breakup Instability Theory for Energy Recovery Linacs

Here we will derive the general theory of the beam-breakup instability in recirculating linear accelerators, in which the bunches do not have to be at the same RF phase during each recirculation turn. This is important for the description of energy recovery linacs (ERLs) where bunches are recirculated at a decelerating phase of the RF wave and for other recirculator arrangements where different RF phases are of an advantage. Furthermore it can be used for the analysis of phase errors of recirculated bunches. It is shown how the threshold current for a given linac can be computed and a remarkable agreement with tracking data is demonstrated. The general formulas are then analyzed for several analytically solvable cases, which show: (a) Why different higher order modes (HOM) in one cavity do not couple so that the most dangerous modes can be considered individually. (b) How different HOM frequencies have to be in order to consider them separately. (c) That no optics can cause the HOMs of two cavities to cancel. (d) How an optics can avoid the addition of the instabilities of two cavities. (e) How a HOM in a multiple-turn recirculator interferes with itself. Furthermore, a simple method to compute the orbit deviations produced by cavity misalignments has also been introduced. It is shown that the BBU instability always occurs before the orbit excursion becomes very large.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Phase relations in the Me2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems, where Me = Li, K, Tl, Rb, Cs

Received: 26.09.2018. Accepted: 12.10.2018. Published: 31.10.2018.The Me2MoO4–In2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems where Me = Li, K, Tl, Rb, Cs were studied in the subsolidus region using an X-ray powder diffraction. Quasi-binary joins were revealed, and triangulation carried out. The formation of ternary molybdates Me5InHf (MoO4)6 for Me = K, Tl, Rb, Cs and Мe2InHf2(MoO4)6.5 for Me = Rb, Cs was established.The work was carried out according to the state assignment BINM SB RAS (project no. 0339‑2016‑0007) and RFBR, grants Nos. 18‑03‑00799

Phase diagrams for the M2MoO4–Ln2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 systems, where M = Li–Cs, Tl and Ln = La–Lu

In this paper, the results of systematic studies of complex molybdate systems M2MoO4–Ln2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 (M = Li–Cs, Tl; Ln = La–Lu) are presented. Subsolidus phase diagrams of ternary systems were constructed and new triple molybdates were obtained. The optimum synthesis conditions for poly- and monocrystalline form were determined. According to single-crystal data, the structure of one of the representatives of triple molybdates was determined.In this paper, the results of systematic studies of complex molybdate systems M2MoO4–Ln2(MoO4)3–Hf(MoO4)2 (M = Li–Cs, Tl; Ln = La–Lu) are presented. Subsolidus phase diagrams of ternary systems were constructed and new triple molybdates were obtained. The optimum synthesis conditions for poly- and monocrystalline form were determined. According to single-crystal data, the structure of one of the representatives of triple molybdates was determined

Electronic structure of β-RbSm(MoO4)(2) and chemical bonding in molybdates

Microcrystals of orthorhombic rubidium samarium molybdate, β-RbSm(MoO4)2, have been fabricated by solid state synthesis at T = 450 °C, 70 h, and at T = 600 °C, 150 h. The crystal structure has been refined by the Rietveld method in space group Pbcn with cell parameters a = 5.0984(2), b = 18.9742(6) and c = 8.0449(3) Å (RB = 1.72%). Thermal properties of β-RbSm(MoO4)2 were traced by DSC over the temperature range of T = 20–965 °C, and the earlier reported β ↔ α phase transition at T ∼ 860–910 °C was not verified. The electronic structure of β-RbSm(MoO4)2 was studied by employing theoretical calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been established that the O 2p-like states contribute mainly to the upper part of the valence band and occupy the valence band maximum, whereas the Mo 4d-like states contribute mainly to the lower part of the valence band. Chemical bonding effects have been analysed from the element core level binding energy data. In addition, it was found that the luminescence spectrum of β-RbSm(MoO4)2 is rather peculiar among the Sm3+ containing materials. The optical refractive index dispersion in β-RbSm(MoO4)2 was also predicted by the first-principles calculations

Committing a Crime while Intoxicated: The Basis of Liability and Legal Regulation

This article attempts to analyzes the concept and types of intoxication. The authors also take into consideration the basis of criminal liability for committing a crime while intoxicated, as well as the role of intoxication in criminal la