İngilizce Dersi Öğretim Programlarında Kaynaşıklık: Temel Eğitimden Ortaöğretime Sistematik Bir Analiz

Despite many studies on English language curricula over the last two decades in Turkey, any analysis of articulation in the curricula has not been found. Articulation, which addresses the inter-relatedness of a curriculum in many ways, both vertically and horizontally, ensures planning of student's development holistically and the transfer of learning from one education level to another. In this study, basic education and secondary education English language curricula published in 2018 were systematically examined in terms of articulation by looking for an answer to the question "To what extent do the English curricula attain the horizontal and vertical across the school levels?" specifically. Guideline Questions for Determining Articulation which were developed through the literature review and expert opinions, were used in the study adopting a document analysis. The data were analyzed according to descriptive analysis. The findings display that the English language curricula from basic education to secondary education reflect the culture of the target language in a very limited way and that the interdisciplinarity of the curricula is weak. Therefore, it is concluded that the curricula have attained horizontal articulation partially. In terms of vertical articulation, although continuity and sequence across the grades are mostly achieved, the study uncovered the problems about the assessment of four skills in an integrated way, the progress of learning outcomes from lower-to higher-order thinking skills, the coordination of the language proficiency aimed as the final outcome at the school levels as well as the assessment of them. Consequently, the study revealed that both the horizontal and vertical (especially across the school levels) articulation of the curricula are not fully ensured. Various implications have been made to strengthen the articulation of English language curricula.Türkiye’de son 20 yılda İngilizce dersi öğretim programlarına yönelik çok sayıda araştırma yapılsa da programlardaki kaynaşıklığa ilişkin herhangi bir analize rastlanmamıştır. Bir öğretim programının hem dikey hem de yatay olarak birçok yönden birbiriyle ilişkili olma durumunu ifade eden kaynaşıklık, öğrencinin gelişimini bütüncül bir şekilde planlamayı ve öğrenmelerin transferini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2018 yılında yayımlanan temel eğitim ve ortaöğretim İngilizce dersi öğretim programları, kaynaşıklık açısından sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Özellikle “İngilizce dersi öğretim programları ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise düzeyinde yatay ve dikey kaynaşıklık açısından nasıldır?” sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Analizde, alanyazındaki çalışmalardan yararlanılarak oluşturulan ve uzman görüşleriyle geliştirilen Kaynaşıklığı Belirlemeye Yönelik Kılavuz Sorular kullanılmıştır. Doküman analizi türündeki çalışmada, veriler betimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Bulgular, temel eğitimden ortaöğretime doğru programların hedef dilin kültürünü çok sınırlı bir şekilde yansıttığını, disiplinler arası olma özelliğinin zayıf olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda programların yatay kaynaşıklığa kısmen sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dikey kaynaşıklık açısından ise, sınıflar arasında süreklilik ve aşamalılık çoğunlukla gerçekleştirilmiş olsa da; bütünleşik dil becerilerinin ölçümünde, kazanımların taksonomik açıdan üst düzey düşünme becerilerine doğru ilerlemesinde, kademeler arası dil yeterliği hedeflerinin birbiriyle uyumunda ve ölçülmesinde eksikler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda programların hem yatay hem de (özellikle kademeler arası) dikey kaynaşıklığının tam olarak sağlanamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İngilizce dersi öğretim programlarının kaynaşıklığını güçlendirmek üzere çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur

The Reliability and Reproducibility of Conventional, Digital and CT Created Cephalograms: A Comparative Study

poster abstractObjective: The purpose of this retrospective radiographic study was to determine the reliability and reproducibility of skeletal and dental measurements of lateral cephalograms created from computed tomography (CT) scan compared to the conventional and digital lateral cephalograms. Method: Following reliability studies, CT records of 30 patients were obtained from the archives. The lateral cephalometric radiographs of these patients were initially manually traced. Then the same radiographs were scanned and traced using Dolphin Imaging software Version 11 (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA). Totally 16 (10 angular and 6 linear) measurements were performed. Cephalometric measurements performed on conventional, digital and CT created cephalograms were compared statistically using repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 level. Result: The intrarater reliability test for each method showed high values r >.090 except for the mandibular length which had a correlation of 0.82 for the CT created cephalogram. Five measurements (N-A- Pog, N-S, ANS-PNS, Co-ANS and Co-Gn) were found to be significantly different between the CT created and conventional cephalograms and three measurements (SNB, ANB, and /1-MP) were found to be significantly different between the CT created and digital cephalograms. Conclusion: The measurement differences between the conventional, digital and CT created cephalograms are statistically significant, but clinically acceptable

A Recurrent Stop-Codon Mutation in Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit B Gene in Normal Peripheral Blood and Childhood T-Cell Acute Leukemia

BACKGROUND: Somatic cytidine mutations in normal mammalian nuclear genes occur during antibody diversification in B lymphocytes and generate an isoform of apolipoprotein B in intestinal cells by RNA editing. Here, I describe that succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; mitochondrial complex II) subunit B gene (SDHB) is somatically mutated at a cytidine residue in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T-cell acute leukemia. Germ line mutations in the SDHB, SDHC or SDHD genes cause hereditary paraganglioma (PGL) tumors which show constitutive activation of homeostatic mechanisms induced by oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To determine the prevalence of a mutation identified in the SDHB mRNA, 180 samples are tested. An SDHB stop-codon mutation c.136C>T (R46X) is present in a significant fraction (average = 5.8%, range = less than 1 to 30%, n = 52) of the mRNAs obtained from PBMCs. In contrast, the R46X mutation is present in the genomic DNA of PBMCs at very low levels. Examination of the PBMC cell-type subsets identifies monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells as primary sources of the mutant transcript, although lesser contributions also come from B and T lymphocytes. Transcript sequence analyses in leukemic cell lines derived from monocyte, NK, T and B cells indicate that the mutational mechanism targeting SDHB is operational in T-cell acute leukemia. Accordingly, substantial levels (more than 3%) of the mutant SDHB transcripts are detected in five of 20 primary childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) bone marrow samples, but in none of 20 B-ALL samples. In addition, distinct heterozygous SDHB missense DNA mutations are identified in Jurkat and TALL-104 cell lines which are derived from T-ALLs. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of a recurrent, inactivating stop-codon mutation in the SDHB gene in normal blood cells suggests that SDHB is targeted by a cytidine deaminase enzyme. The SDHB mutations in normal PBMCs and leukemic T cells might play a role in cellular pre-adaptation to hypoxia

Spacelike Ricci Inheritance Vectors in a Model of String Cloud and String Fluid Stress Tensor

We study the consequences of the existence of spacelike Ricci inheritance vectors (SpRIVs) parallel to $x^a$ for model of string cloud and string fluid stress tensor in the context of general relativity. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for a spacetime with a model of string cloud and string fluid stress tensor to admit a SpRIV and a SpRIV which is also a spacelike conformal Killing vector (SpCKV). Also, some results are obtained.Comment: 11 page

Discovering Software Process Deviations Using Visualizations

Peer reviewe

Global Optimization by Basin-Hopping and the Lowest Energy Structures of Lennard-Jones Clusters Containing up to 110 Atoms

We describe a global optimization technique using `basin-hopping' in which the potential energy surface is transformed into a collection of interpenetrating staircases. This method has been designed to exploit the features which recent work suggests must be present in an energy landscape for efficient relaxation to the global minimum. The transformation associates any point in configuration space with the local minimum obtained by a geometry optimization started from that point, effectively removing transition state regions from the problem. However, unlike other methods based upon hypersurface deformation, this transformation does not change the global minimum. The lowest known structures are located for all Lennard-Jones clusters up to 110 atoms, including a number that have never been found before in unbiased searches.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, revte

Toward Adjoint-Based Aeroacoustic Optimization for Propeller and Rotorcraft Applications

The goal of the present project is to build a multidisciplinary, rapid, robust, and accurate computational tool to optimize wing-mounted propeller designs. The full Farassat’s formulation F1A for aeroacoustic analysis is implemented in the open-source software SU2. This extension enables the prediction of far-field noise generated by moving sources. The formulation is verified, for a stationary and rotating sphere in a wind tunnel and for a tiltrotor in forward flight, by comparing the acoustic predictions of SU2 with the predictions computed by NASA’s aeroacoustics code ANOPP2. The algorithmic differentiation capability of SU2 provides discretely consistent, adjoint-based sensitivity analysis for this formulation. The adjoint-based sensitivities are verified through comparison with complex-step sensitivities

Diagnosis of pericardial cysts using diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging: A case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Congenital pericardial cysts are benign lesions that arise from the pericardium during embryonic development. The diagnosis is based on typical imaging features, but atypical locations and signal magnetic resonance imaging sequences make it difficult to exclude other lesions. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a novel method that can be used to differentiate tissues based on their restriction to proton diffusion. Its use in differentiating pericardial cysts from other pericardial lesions has not yet been described.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present three cases (a 51-year-old Caucasian woman, a 66-year-old Caucasian woman and a 77-year-old Caucasian woman) with pericardial cysts evaluated with diffusion-weighted imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Each lesion demonstrated a high apparent diffusion coefficient similar to that of free water.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case series is the first attempt to investigate the utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of pericardial cysts. Diffusion-weighted imaging may be a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for pericardial cysts when conventional imaging findings are inconclusive.</p

An Empirical Study of Bots in Software Development -- Characteristics and Challenges from a Practitioner's Perspective

Software engineering bots - automated tools that handle tedious tasks - are increasingly used by industrial and open source projects to improve developer productivity. Current research in this area is held back by a lack of consensus of what software engineering bots (DevBots) actually are, what characteristics distinguish them from other tools, and what benefits and challenges are associated with DevBot usage. In this paper we report on a mixed-method empirical study of DevBot usage in industrial practice. We report on findings from interviewing 21 and surveying a total of 111 developers. We identify three different personas among DevBot users (focusing on autonomy, chat interfaces, and "smartness"), each with different definitions of what a DevBot is, why developers use them, and what they struggle with. We conclude that future DevBot research should situate their work within our framework, to clearly identify what type of bot the work targets, and what advantages practitioners can expect. Further, we find that there currently is a lack of general purpose "smart" bots that go beyond simple automation tools or chat interfaces. This is problematic, as we have seen that such bots, if available, can have a transformative effect on the projects that use them.Comment: To be published at the ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE

A case of carotid body paraganglioma and haemangioblastoma of the spinal cord in a patient with the N131K missense mutation in the VHL gene

The article describes paraganglioma case in woman with von Hippel–Lindau disease. She was found to be a carrier of a rare germline mutation in the VHL gene (393C>A; N131K). The patient developed large, untypical for von Hippel–Lindau disease, carotid body paraganglioma at the common carotid artery bifurcation. The carotid body paraganglioma coexisted with the haemangioblastoma situated intramedullary in region C5/C6. The haemangioblastoma reached the right-sided dorsal part of the spinal cord in section C5/C6. It produced radicular symptoms within C5/C6, followed by the later paresis of the right limbs. The haemangioblastoma was resected completely. Twelve months after the operation, the spinal symptoms receded and the carotid body paraganglioma still was asymptomatic. The current case of carotid body paraganglioma in patient with the 393C>A (N131K) missense mutation in the VHL gene, supports association of this specific mutation and VHL disease type 2, and suggests its correlation with susceptibility to paragangliomas