The Intraoral Ultrasonography in Dentistry

Ultrasonography (USG) is a diagnostic method that the ultrasonic image is created by ultrahigh-frequency sound waves, which have an acoustic frequency above the threshold of human hearing. Compared to other medical imaging methods, USG has several advantages of being real time, portable, inexpensive, radiation free, and noninvasive. In the medicine, most of the USG applications are transcutaneous. However, intraoral USG has been a relatively rare application, it has recently been drawing more interest. Intraoral USG is also used in dentistry for examining the salivary glands and ducts, as well as the mouth floor, the buccal, labial, and palatal mucosa, the tongue, periodontal tissues, and periapical lesions. The main purpose of this review is to provide detailed information about intraoral USG applications in dentistry.Keywords: Dentistry, intraoral, ultrasonograph

The form, distribution and palaeoclimatic implications of cirques in southwest Turkey (Western Taurus)

© 2021 Elsevier B.V.The Taurus Mountains of southwest Turkey are split into numerous separated ranges, of which eleven supported former glaciers. We describe cirques and related moraines in four new locations, as well as those in seven ranges where glaciation was previously known. This gives a complete inventory of the 85 cirques in southwest Turkey. These are comparable in size to those elsewhere, but narrower and often less developed. Lengths averaging 672 m are high relative to widths of 542 m. Overall axial gradients average 22.4°. Cirque floor altitudes are controlled largely by altitudes of the mountains above, but they also vary in relation to precipitation, in sympathy with ELAs (Equilibrium Line Altitudes) of former glaciers. In most ranges where glaciers were short (extending little beyond cirques), ELA can be predicted from mean mid-floor altitude. Our observations demonstrate lower ELAs than in previous literature. Both ELAs and cirque floors rise eastward in the west, and northward inland from the coast. This supports the importance of winds from the west and southwest, off the Mediterranean Sea, bringing LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) conditions wetter than present to mountains near the coast. Cirques face on average a little east of north, showing the effects of shade and differential solar radiation receipt

Is It Time to Consider Implementation of Telemedicine in Current Oral Health Care Services?

2-s2.0-85103333348Telemedicine offers an excellent opportunity to provide continuing health care for those in need during local/global pandemics and disasters. It provides a safe and effective communication tool between health professionals and can be used as "forward triage"to manage medical/dental emergencies and to minimize the contact between the patients and clinicians during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Patients with noncommunicable diseases, like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, or chronic respiratory diseases, may present with critical health problems due to less access to health care systems during global disasters; opportunities for screening oral mucosa might be significantly disrupted, leading to delayed diagnosis of malignant/potentially malignant lesions. Telemedicine and oral health care associated mobile applications should be implemented to provide equal access to care, to eliminate unnecessary visits to health centers, and to improve practical coordination between professionals and health facilities. © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2021

Effect of instrument speed when used in reciprocating motion on root canal transportation and centering ability

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the root canal transportation, centering ability, and instrumentation times after root canal preparation using reciprocating motion at 300 rotations per minute (rpm) and 600 rpm. Materials and Methods: Twenty mesial root canals of mandibular first molars with curvature angles of 35°-70° and radii of 2-6 mm were included in the study. Root canal instrumentation was performed using R25 according to the manufacturer's instructions at 300 rpm or 600 rpm (n = 10). Cone-beam computed tomography scanning was performed both pre-and post-instrumentation. Root canal transportation and the centering ratio were calculated for both the groups, and the data were analyzed using independent sample t-test for the instrumentation time, root canal transportation, and centering ratio at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.05). Results: At the three levels (3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm), there were no significant differences in centering ratio between the groups (P > 0.05). At 3 mm, 600 rpm resulted in more transportation than 300 rpm. However, there were no significant differences in the root canal transportation between the groups at 5 mm and 7 mm levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: At the 3 mm level, 600 rpm resulted in more transportation than 300 rpm. However, centering ratio was similar at both 600 rpm and 300 rpm. © 2017 Journal of Conservative Dentistry | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow

Comparative study of ProTaper gold, reciproc, and ProTaper universal for root canal preparation in severely curved root canals

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the root canal transportation, centering ability, and instrumentation times with the ProTaper Gold (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), and ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Thirty mesial root canals of mandibular first molars with curvature angles of 35°-70° and radii of 2-6 mm were included in the study. Root canal instrumentation was performed up to F2 or R25. The instrumentation times were recorded. CBCT scanning was performed both pre-and post-instrumentation. Root canal transportation and the centering ratio were calculated for groups, and the data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and least significant difference post hoc tests for the instrumentation time, root canal transportation, and centering ratio at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.05). Results: At 3, 5, and 7 mm levels, there was no significant difference in the root canal transportation and centering ratio among the groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the Reciproc and ProTaper Universal groups in the instrumentation times (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Root canal transportation and the centering ratio with the ProTaper Gold were similar to those obtained with the ProTaper Universal and Reciproc. © 2017 Journal of Conservative Dentistry | Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow