Microwave-assisted and conventional synthesis of novel antimicrobial 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing nalidixic acid skeleton

Carbothioamides 4a,b, obtained from nalidixic acid, were converted to the corresponding 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives 5a,b by cyclocondensation with 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone. Treatment of 4a,b with base afforded 1,2,4-triazoles 6a,b. The synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine 7 was performed by the reaction of compound 4a with ethyl bromoacetate. Treatment of 4a with acid produced 1,3,4-thiadiazole 8. The reaction of compounds 6a and 6b with several heterocyclic amines in the presence of formaldehyde gave the corresponding Mannich bases 9–15 containing various pharmacophore groups. Conventional and microwave-assisted methods were used for the synthesis. The effect of an acid catalyst on Mannich reactions was investigated. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, EIMS techniques, and elemental analysis. All compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity

Diagnosis and management of carotid body tumor: a report of seven cases

Bozok, Sahin/0000-0002-1256-5055WOS: 000314377200038Paragangliomas are rare asymptomatic painless tumors, originating from paraganglionic bodies of autonomous nerve system of the embriological neural crest and increasing gradually. Despite their gradual developing nature, it is critical to reach early diagnosis and tailor surgical plan for carotid body tumors due to their potential of being malignant and local aggressive development, as well as invasion or pressure on the adjacent vascular and neural tissues. in this article, we present seven cases who were admitted with the complaints of pain and swelling in the neck and were diagnosed with carotid body tumor based on the further investigations and were surgically treated in the light of literature review and different surgical modalities were discussed

Closed Fracture of the Medial Malleolus Accompanied by A Rupture of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon: An Unusual Case Report

Isolated medial malleolus fractures comprise two-thirds of all ankle fractures and are rarely accompanied by a posterior tibial tendon rupture and dislocation. However, a medial malleolus fracture accompanied by an anterior tibial tendon rupture is unusual, and has not yet been reported. In this paper, a case of medial malleolus fracture accompanied by a tibialis anterior tendon rupture is presented and discussed

Numerical investigation of proton exchange membrane (pem) fuel cell

Bu çalışmada yakıt hücrelerinin önemi ve çeşitleri sunulmuş, ardından PEM yakıt hücresinde gerçekleşen temel elektro-kimyasal reaksiyonlar, akış, ısı transferi, kütle transferi olayları matematiksel olarak modellenmiştir. Elektro-kimyasal denklemlerin çözümü için MATLAB ortamında bir program geliştirilmiştir. Bu program kullanılarak, sıcaklık ve basıncın hücre verimine etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Daha sonra kütle, momentum ve ısı aktarımı denklemlerinin çözümü için FLUENT hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği programından faydalanılmıştır. FLUENT ortamında sıcaklık, basınç ve gaz difüzyon tabakası (GDL) gözenekliliğinin etkisi incelenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar literatürdeki benzer çalışmaların sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yine bu program yardımıyla oksijen, hidrojen, su buharı konsantrasyon dağılımları, akım yoğunluğu şiddeti, elektriksel potansiyel, sıcaklık, hız ve basıncın hücresel dağılımı simüle edilmiştir. Çalışmalar ile sıcaklık, basınç ve GDL gözenekliliğindeki artışın hücre gerilimini ve akım yoğunluğunu artırdığı görülmüştür.In this study, the types and the importance of fuel cells were presented, then basic electro-chemical reactions, flow, heat transfer and mass transfer events, which occur inside the PEM fuel cell, were mathematically modeled. For solving the electro-chemical equations, a Matlab program has been developed. Using this program, effects of temperature and pressure on the cell efficiency were analysed. Afterwards Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Fluent, was used to solve mass, momentum and heat transport equations. By using FLUENT the effects of temperature, pressure and porosity of gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the cell performance were examined and the results were compared with the ones available in the literature. Oxygen, hydrogen and water vapor concentration distributions, current density magnitude, electrical potential, cellular distribution of temperature, velocity and pressure were also simulated. It was observed that increases in temperature, pressure and GDL porosity lead to an increase in cell voltage and current density