Effects of Enzyme-Producing Probiotic Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Trout on the Growth Performance, Survival, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Rainbow Trout Fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In this study, we investigated the effects of enzyme-producing probiotic bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and digestive enzyme activity, of fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three isolates (G8/2013, T7/2013 and U5/2013) of candidate bacteria elicited the highest protease, lipase, and amylase activities, respectively. Isolates were identified as Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp. and Citrobacter braakii by morphological, physiological, biochemical characterizations as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The fry basal diet was supplemented with probiotics at varying concentrations; G8 group, Aeromonas sp. 1.72 x 108 CFU/g; U5 group, Bacillus sp. 3.01 x 108 CFU/g; T7 group, C. braakii 2.96 x 108 CFU/g and a mixed group (same bacterial concentrations), and control group (no bacteria). The rainbow trout fry were fed ad libitum in triplicate treatments with supplemented and non-supplemented probiotic diets for 70-days. The total bacterial count in the intestine was significantly higher in the mixed group (30th and 50th days) and U5 group (50th and 70th days) compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutrient digestibility, or digestive enzyme activity among the groups.

Novel triazole bearing zinc(II) and magnesium(II) metallo-phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and photochemical properties

AKCAY, Hakki Turker/0000-0002-8502-9608;WOS: 000326112700051The synthesis and characterization of novel tetrakis N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (1) and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (2) substituted phthalonitrile derivatives and their new organosoluble peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(II) (6 and 7) and magnesium(II) (8 and 9) phthalocyanines were studied in this study. Photophysical and photochemical data of these compounds were measured in dimethysulfoxide (DMSO). the magnesium(II) phthalocyanine derivatives showed excellent fluorescent properties and the corresponding zinc(II) phthalocyanines generated efficient singlet oxygen. the fluorescence quenching behavior of the studied tetra-peripherally substituted zinc(II) and magnesium(II) phthalocyanine compounds by the addition of 1,4-benzoquinone were also studied in DMSO. These molecules can distinctly be employed in the field of photodynamic therapy in combination with fluorescence imaging. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University [2010.111.002.5]This study was supported by Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University (Project No: 2010.111.002.5)