The history of nanoscience and nanotechnology: From chemical-physical applications to nanomedicine

Nanoscience breakthroughs in almost every field of science and nanotechnologies make life easier in this era. Nanoscience and nanotechnology represent an expanding research area, which involves structures, devices, and systems with novel properties and functions due to the arrangement of their atoms on the 1-100 nm scale. The field was subject to a growing public awareness and controversy in the early 2000s, and in turn, the beginnings of commercial applications of nanotechnology. Nanotechnologies contribute to almost every field of science, including physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, computer science, and engineering. Notably, in recent years nanotechnologies have been applied to human health with promising results, especially in the field of cancer treatment. To understand the nature of nanotechnology, it is helpful to review the timeline of discoveries that brought us to the current understanding of this science. This review illustrates the progress and main principles of nanoscience and nanotechnology and represents the pre-modern as well as modern timeline era of discoveries and milestones in these fields

Определение возраста человека по образцам крови на основании анализа метилирования CpG-динуклеотидов

Based on the bioinformatic and statistical analysis of the GEO-projects to determine the genome-wide profile of human DNA methylation, a list of 27 CpG dinucleotides with a high predictive potential was formed to create models for prediction of the human age from blood samples. The methylation level was determined for 245 samples of individuals from the Republic of Belarus. The correlation coefficients R were calculated, and the mathematical models for determining the age of an individual were constructed. The average accuracy value of the age prediction from blood samples using 12 CpG-dinucleotides was 3.4 years (for men – 3.3, for women – 3.5). The results obtained will be used as a basis for development of calculators for predicting the age of an individual based on the biological traces for forensic experts.На основании биоинформатического и статистического анализа GEO-проектов по определению полногеномного профиля метилирования ДНК человека сформирован перечень из 27 CpG-динуклеотидов с высоким прогностическим потенциалом для создания моделей предсказания возраста человека по образцам крови. Определен уровень метилирования для 245 образцов индивидов из Республики Беларусь, рассчитаны коэффициенты корреляции R и построены математические модели определения возраста человека. Среднее значение точности предсказания возраста по образцам крови с использованием 12 CpG-динуклеотидов составило 3,4 года (для мужчин – 3,3, для женщин – 3,5). Полученные результаты будут положены в основу разработки калькуляторов предсказания возраста индивида по биологическим следам для экспертов-криминалистов

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ АДИКТИВНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ

The modern understanding of the term addictive behavior is highlighted. The psychological causes of addictions, which consist of individual psychological peculiarities of the personality and aggravating sociopsychological factors, are examined. Acceptable and dangerous forms of addictions that exist in modern society are described. The main social factors of the adictics are shown to be the "cultural / subcultural" motivation of the individuum to be likened to the group because of the fear of being different. The similarity of the psychological mechanisms inf their formation was observed in studying the addictions, selected according to the criteria: gambling games (computer games), information dependencies (internet, television), activities (hard worker, addicted to shopping, kleptomania, sex-addicted), accentuation on oneself (the seizure of one's own appearance and his own body, mania of grandeur ), fanaticism. These addictions have been grouped into behavioral addiction – the uncontrolled behavior for natural rewards, despite the negative effects of physical, social and financial well-being, and despite social condemnation. Modern researches tend to simultaneously coexist several forms of implementation of addictive behavior in one individuum. And often chemical and non-chemical forms of addictive behavior coexist together. Thus, there is a coexistence of addictive behavior associated with the use of alcohol and (or) narcotics and psychotropic substances with gembling, as well as Internet addiction. A number of authors pay particular attention to addictive behavior associated with the use of pituitary and psychotropic substances. In many ways, this is due to the fact that this form of implementation of addictive behavior is the greatest danger, both for the individual, and for society. The problem of addictive behavior in the last decade has become especially urgent and is considered as a challenge to modern society, a threat to the national security of the country. Emphasizes not only the widespread prevalence of addictive forms of behavior, but also a significant redistribution in the structure of treatment of such persons for psychiatric and psychotherapeutic assistance. There is a heterogeneity in the prevalence of addictive behavior among different age groups.Подано сучасне розуміння категорії “адиктивна поведінка”. Розглянуто психологічні причини виникнення адикцій, які полягають в індивідуально-психологічних особливостях особистості та соціально-психологічних чинниках, що їх обтяжують. Описано прийнятні та небезпечні форми адикцій, які існують у сучасному суспільстві. Викладено особливості поведінки осіб з адикціями, у результаті чого завдається шкода міжособистісним відносинам, виникає загроза для фізичного та психічного здоров’я не тільки адиктів, але й оточуючих

Unusual emission properties of the selected organosilicon compounds containing a styryl-carbazole chromophore: inversion of the singlet excited states

The presence of the silicon atom in a trimethylsilyl-styryl-carbazole derivative induced the inversion of the lowest excited states in polar solvents.</p

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПОБУДОВИ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО РОБОЧОГО МІСЦЯ ПСИХОЛОГА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The main trend in the automation of public activity management is the automation of planning and management functions on the basis of personal electronic computers installed directly at the workplaces of specialists. These systems are widely used in organizational management called workstations.The article discusses the modern understanding of the psychologist’s workstation as a component of the automated management system of the psychological service of the National Guard of Ukraine. The models of the organization and implementation of psychological work, the areas of psychological support, in accordance with which the psychologist forms his professional activity, the general content of the psychological work of the psychological support specialists of the National Guard of Ukraine are proposed.  The content, structure and functionality of the psychologist’s workstation are proposed.A three-level hierarchical structure of the automated management system of the psychological service of the National Guard of Ukraine is proposed - the operational level, operational-tactical level, and tactical level. The types of automated workplaces of psychological service specialists at the tactical level (brigade level, regiment, separate battalion of the National Guard of Ukraine) are determined: deputy unit commander for work with personnel; head of the department of psychological support (head of the service of psychological support), senior officer (psychologist) of the department of psychological support, officer (psychologist) of the department of psychological support [executive officer (psychologist)].The functional and technical requirements to the automated workplaces of psychological service specialists are formulated. The general structure of the workstation has been developed and the composition of the general and special software has been determined.Розглянуто сучасне уявлення про автоматизоване робоче місце психолога як компонент автоматизованої системи управління психологічної служби Національної гвардії України. Запропоновано моделі організації та реалізації психологічної роботи, напрямки психологічного забезпечення, за якими психолог створює свою професійну діяльність, а також загальний зміст психологічної роботи фахівців підрозділів психологічного забезпечення НГУ. Надано пропозиції щодо змісту, структури та функціональних можливостей автоматизованого робочого місця психолога

Energy losses from an arc tracking in aeronautic cables in DC circuits

International audienceA specific setup was developed to create a fault transient arc between aeronautic cables with current intensity up to 100 A. Electrical measurements were coupled to arc length determination, based on arc fast imaging in order to deduce the shape of the arc and the electrode voltage drop. Using optical sensors the radiation emitted by the arc in the range of wavelength higher than 200 nm (non VUV radiation) was estimated. The cable ablation rate was also deduced in the study. A phenomenological and quantitative analysis was performed by coupling the experimental results with theoretical calculation of net emission and using literature results on arc energy transfer. The results show that for copper cables, about 45% of the input electric energy is transferred to the contacts producing a strong ablation of the cable. Then the radiation part is divided in two contributions having more or less the same ratio (12% each): VUV radiation deposited very near from the arc, and non VUV radiation that may propagate far from the arc. The remaining energy is lost by convection and thermal conduction