Modifikasi Pati Secara Asetilasi dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Bahan Dasar Filamen Jaring Ikan Ramah Lingkungan

Fishing nets are generally made of synthetic polyamides such as nylon. The use of nylon nets has negative impacts, such as habitat destruction. So it is necessary to consider the use of biodegradable nets. One of the potential natural materials that can be used as eco-friendly fishing net filaments is starch. The research aims to modify cassava and corn starch by acetylation method to improve their characteristics. Starch modification was carried out by adding acetic acid with variable concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% into the starch. Modified starch was analysis for water content, swelling power, solubility, and FTIR. In the manufacture of filaments using modified corn 15% with a test result of 0.04; 0.13; 0.05. The results of the FTIR analysis showed a combined functional group between HDPE and starch at wave numbers 2922.2cm-1 and 1371.7cm-1. Starch content has an effect on reducing the weight of filament degradation. SEM analysis showed that the compatibility of the filament with the addition of MA increased but the internal structure of the filament gradually expanded with increasing starch content. The results of the analysis of tensile strength and elongation at break of the filament are 1.81 kgf and 119.77

Modifikasi Pati Secara Asetilasi dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Bahan Dasar Filamen Jaring Ikan Ramah Lingkungan

Fishing nets are generally made of synthetic polyamides such as nylon. The use of nylon nets has negative impacts, such as habitat destruction. So it is necessary to consider the use of biodegradable nets. One of the potential natural materials that can be used as eco-friendly fishing net filaments is starch. The research aims to modify cassava and corn starch by acetylation method to improve their characteristics. Starch modification was carried out by adding acetic acid with variable concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% into the starch. Modified starch was analysis for water content, swelling power, solubility, and FTIR. In the manufacture of filaments using modified corn 15% with a test result of 0.04; 0.13; 0.05. The results of the FTIR analysis showed a combined functional group between HDPE and starch at wave numbers 2922.2cm-1 and 1371.7cm-1. Starch content has an effect on reducing the weight of filament degradation. SEM analysis showed that the compatibility of the filament with the addition of MA increased but the internal structure of the filament gradually expanded with increasing starch content. The results of the analysis of tensile strength and elongation at break of the filament are 1.81 kgf and 119.77

Penggunaan Bahan Baku Alternatif Sebagai Pengganti Tanah Liat Pada Industri Semen

Industri semen merupakan salah satu industri yang berkembang sangat pesat seiring dengan pertumbuhan pembangunan di Indonesia. Kondisi ini mempengaruhi meningkatkan permintaaan kapasitas produksi yang dihasilkan industri semen. Persediaan bahan baku merupakan salah satu faktor yang terpenting untuk melakukan kelancaran proses produksi dalam upaya peningkatan produktifitas Dalam pengendalian persediaan bahan baku ini, secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa tujuan dari pengendalian adalah untuk menekan biaya-biaya operasional seminimal mungkin dapat mengoptimalisasikan kinerja perusahaan. Clinker semen portland merupakan bahan hidrolik yang sebaiknya mengandung 2/3 kalsium silikat dalam bentuk (CaCO)3, SiO2, dan (CaO)2. SiO2 dan selebihnya berisi alumunium oksida (Al2O3), Besi oksida (Fe2O3) dan oksida-oksida lainnya.. Komposisi alternative raw material yang akan memengaruhi kualitas klinker adalah CaO-SiO2, CaO-Fe2O3, SiO2-Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, LSF, SM, dan AM. Sehingga LSF, SM, dan AM yang terjadi pada awal penambahan alternatif raw material berturut-turut 96,16%; 2,58%; 1,59% untuk data kualitas klinker. Salah satu faktor utama untuk mendapatkan hasil pembakaran yang baik ialah rancangan kiln feed (raw mix design). Dari penambahan alternative raw material dari 10% limbah yang dapat diolahan memiliki pemasukan Rp1.076.618.256 untuk penambahan 15 % sebesar Rp1.614.927.384. Adapun konsumsi bahan bakar yang digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kiln memiliki pengeluaran biaya konsumsi kebutuhan sebesar Rp136.804.683.445.180,00 untuk kondisi existing sedangkan untuk pengeluaran bahan bakar modifikasi sebesar Rp135.172.671.715.328,00. ================================================================================================================================ The cement industry is one of the industries that is developing very rapidly along with the growth of development in Indonesia. This condition affects the increasing demand for production capacity produced by the cement industry. Inventory of raw materials is one of the most important factors for smooth production processes in an effort to increase productivity. In controlling this raw material inventory, in general it can be said that the purpose of control is to reduce operational costs to a minimum to optimize company performance. Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material that preferably contains 2/3 of calcium silicate in the form of (CaCO)3, SiO2 and (CaO)2. SiO2 and the rest contains aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and other oxides. Alternative raw material compositions that will affect the quality of clinker are CaO-SiO2, CaO-Fe2O3, SiO2-Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, LSF, SM, and AM. So that the LSF, SM, and AM that occurred at the beginning of the addition of alternative raw materials 6% respectively; 2.58%; 1.59% for clinker quality data. One of the main factors to get good combustion results is the kiln feed design (raw mix design). From the addition of alternative raw materials from 10% waste that can be processed, the company has an income of IDR 1,076,618,256 for an additional 15% of IDR 1,614,927,384. The consumption of fuel used as kiln fuel has expenditures for consumption needs of IDR 136,804,683,445,180.00 for existing conditions while for modified fuel expenditures of IDR 135,172,671,715,328.00