STATISTICAL METHODS TO ESTIMATE NATURAL FREQUENCY OF AIR CONDITIONER PIPING

Resonance is a critical phenomena in the designing of any structure. Piping structure, which is one of the several elements of air conditioning and refrigeration system, undergo severe vibration. In practice different approaches such as experimental, analytical, numerical and statistical methods are used to study vibration characteristics of a structure. Statistical method acts as a first hand tool to judge the behaviour of a system. Statistical methods minimise redesign process and expensive methods of controlling vibrations, saving significant amount of effort, cost and time. In the present study, statistical methods are used to estimate fundamental natural frequency of a pipe by selecting different geometrical parameters. The natural frequency obtained can be used to check resonance. Geometrical parameters, which significantly affect the natural frequency, are estimated by using Design of Experiments (DOE) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques. A linear equation that predicts fundamental frequency is formulated using regression analysis. Frequencies predicted by regression model are compared to frequencies obtained from ANSYS Mechanical©. A good correlation is found with error less than 5%

Low Power Explicit Pulse Triggered Flip-Flop Design Based On A Pass Transistor

In VLSI system design, power consumption is the ambitious issue for the past respective years. Advanced IC fabrication technology grants the use of nano scaled devices, so the power dissipation becomes major problem in the designing of VLSI chips. In this paper we present, a low-power flip-flop (FF) design featuring an explicit type pulse-triggered structure and a modified true single phase clock latch based on a signal feed-through scheme using pass transistor. The offered design successfully figure out the long discharging path problem in conventional explicit type pulse-triggered FF (P-FF) designs and achieves better power performance by consuming low power. The proposed design also significantly reduces delay time, set-up time and hold time. Simulation results based on TMC 180nm CMOS technology reveal that the proposed design features the best power and delay performance in several FF designs under comparison

Justice at Sea: Fishers’ politics and marine conservation in coastal Odisha, India

This is a paper about the politics of fishing rights in and around the Gahirmatha marine sanctuary in coastal Odisha, in eastern India. Claims to the resources of this sanctuary are politicised through the creation of a particularly damaging narrative by influential Odiya environmental actors about Bengalis, as illegal immigrants who have hurt the ecosystem through their fishing practices. Anchored within a theoretical framework of justice as recognition, the paper considers the making of a regional Odiya environmentalism that is, potentially, deeply exclusionary. It details how an argument about ‘illegal Bengalis’ depriving ‘indigenous Odiyas’ of their legitimate ‘traditional fishing rights’ derives from particular notions of indigeneity and territory. But the paper also shows that such environmentalism is tenuous, and fits uneasily with the everyday social landscape of fishing in coastal Odisha. It concludes that a wider class conflict between small fishers and the state over a sanctuary sets the context in which questions about legitimate resource rights are raised, sometimes with important effects, like when out at sea

Cultures of caste and rural development in the social network of a south Indian village

Cultures of caste in much of rural India have become entangled with institutions of rural development. In community-driven development, emphasis on “local resource persons” and “community spokespersons” has created new opportunities for brokerage and patronage within some villages, which interact with existing forms of authority and community afforded by caste identity and intra-caste headmanship. In this article, we study how these entangled cultures of caste and development translate into social network structures using data on friendship ties from a south Indian village. We find that although caste continues to be important in shaping community structures and leadership in the village’s network, its influence varies across different communities. This fluidity of caste’s influence on community network structures is argued to be the result of multiple distinct yet partially overlapping cultural-political forces, which include sharedness afforded by caste identity and new forms of difference and inequality effected through rural development

The unstable coastline: navigating dispossession and belonging in Colombo

This article explores how residents of a small coastal fishing enclave in Colombo live with cumulative waves of dispossession brought on by exclusionary projects of urban development. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I introduce the analytic of navigation to describe how people move, plan and live with both present and future threats of dispossession. Navigation offers a unique perspective on questions of agency and resistance in oppressive conditions. Rather than framing subjects as “resisting” projects of world-class city-making, this analysis shows that urban residents instead engage in complex and occasionally contradictory modes of living with uncertainty. I complicate existing understandings of the term “navigation” by describing how questions of nation and belonging are crucial to comprehending how people navigate. Ultimately, I suggest that expressions of belonging and obligation to an imagined community might not only be strategic, but instead reflect some of the broader social forces which structure possibilities for action